T.S.Eliot의 Four Quartets에 나타난 流轉과 時間

김현옥 호남대학교 1997 호남대학교 학술논문집 Vol.18 No.3

Fliot was very well acquainted with Buddhism as a philosophy and as a religion, and was deeply influenced thereby. This becomes obvious from his school education and readings. Eliot also made veral statements which indicate that he was well versed in Buddhism. There are indications that Eliot's interest in Buddhism was more than academic, extending to the question of personal faith. Seen in the perspective of time and the timeless, Four Quartets reveals a two-layer structure, the lower layer comprising flux or samsara, and the upper one containing the still point or samadhi There is a gravitation or convergence from the lower to the upper layer profane time reaching towards sacred time. Four Quartets juxtaposes seemingly innocent everyday occurences with reminders of impermanence and samsara so that these occurences take on overtones of flux, which works on them transforming their character and signifficance. Eliot analyzes everyday incidents and commonplace things against the background of flux and samsara. The world of flux depicted in Four Quartets shares common characteristics with samsara. Four Quartets ascribes to temporal existence insubstantiality(anatta), ignorance(avidya), clingingness(tenha) as well as impermanence(anicca), which happen to be the major attributes of existence in samsara. The worldview of the poem quite often closely parallels the Buddhist outlook on existence. Eliot held that the poet has the obligation to find words for the inarticulate, to capture feelings which people can hardly even feel, and explore beyond the frontiers of ordinary consciousness. Four Quartets is an embodiment of that belief of Eliot's Eliot indeed explores beyond the frontiers of Western consciousness, venturing into the world of Buddhism.

비교반응이 감귤생육에 미치는 영향

金荊玉,吳現道 제주대학교 1971 논문집 Vol.3 No.-

Citrus growing in Cheju-do, Korea has increased remarkably for the past several years. In 1971 the citrus acreage in Cheju-do will have increased to 150,000 acres(6,000 hectars). To avoid frost, citrus growing in Cheju-do is confined to the coastal area below 200 metes avove sea level. The average orchard size is limited to small unit size. This has necessitated a high level of attention to individual tree health and production in orchard management. But in Cheju-do citrus farmers have not been able to solve various problems corretly in order to obtain maximum yield with high quality. Therefore, the solution of these problems necessitates the use of the systematic application methods fertilizers to citrus. From the experimental results of the application of some fertilizers to citrus unshu and the analysis of leaves, we gained important knowledge regarding citrus unshu. The effectiveness of fertilizers was studied under normal field conditions and with pot experiment in the field. The amount of fertilizer applied as base fertilizer was divided into 17 treatment with 8 factors. The effects of nitrogen on the trees were significant increases in height, trunk diameter, number of leaves, and length of branches, but the other mineral nutrient did not show such effect. Through leaf analysis the low calcium concentrations and very high iron and copper concentrations were determined. The first fertilizer applications were made in 1969 and records taken for the period 1970∼1971. This report is only the first presentation of data collected. These studies will be continued through 1974.

Wordsworth의 시 세계

김현옥 호남대학교 인문사회과학연구소 1999 인문사회과학연구 Vol.6 No.-

인터넷 캐쉬를 위한 멀티미디어 데이터의 재배치 정책

홍현옥,임은지,박성호 동의공업대학 2000 論文集 Vol.26 No.1

Through the dramatic growth of Internet, it becomes easy for people to access geographically distributed vast amounts of information. But, currently Internet is suffering from problems such as server overload, network congestion and client response time. In addition, currently the number of continuous media data such as audio and video is growing rapidly. In this paper, we propose SCU(Smallest Caching Utility) proxy caching scheme that stores a portion of continuous media stream or entire stream on the Internet. The proposed scheme reduces client latency and maximizes the amount of data served directly from cache without accessing the central server. By caching the initial fraction of stream data, service startup latency can be reduced. And, by varying the size of the fraction of stream to be cached according to variation of stream popularity, we can utilize the cache space efficiently and maximize the amounts of data served directly from cache. We use the caching utility formula of each stream for the measurement of cache replacement. The way to measure popularity of continuous media stream should be different from that of traditional data such as text and image. We propose the method of measuring popularity of stream using the amounts of data played by clients. We have performed simulations to evaluate our caching policy, Simulation results show that our caching policy outperforms other caching algorithms such as LRU, LFU and SIZE in aspects of BHR(byte hit ratio), initial latency and replacement overhead.

포스트모더니즘과 비평

김현옥 湖南大學校 1996 호남대학교 학술논문집 Vol.17 No.1

In this article I have surveyed the postmodern perspectives on the literary criticism and discussed the problematic points in the postmodern criticism. C.Hugh Holman and William Harmon's definition of "deconstruction" most clearly sums up and illuminates one of the most fundamental nature of Derridean deconstruction and the post-structuralist movement to which it gave birth, thus shedding lights upon the whole scheme of this essay which aims at finding desconstructive and post-structuralist aspects in the literary criticism. The question in consideration represents two main intellectual streams of the 20th century : modernism standing for New Criticism, Formalism ; postmodernism for postructuralism including deconstruction. As far as literature and criticism are concerned, modernism is intended for an objective-universal-, and impersonal- oriented thinking system based on structural and artistic forms; whereas postmodernism for subjectivity, particularity, and personality, deconstructing a certain kind of the centering position as the modernist suggests. What is illuminating in the essays of Holman and Harmon is that they foreground the problematics of relation as one major feature of deconstruction. They postulate Ernst Cassirer to be one of the deconstructive precursors for making his "distinction between the concepts of the thing and the concept of relation, set forth as early as 1910. Kenneth Bruke is also postulated to be another deconstructive precursor with his "logological" emphasis on a rhetoric of relations over a logic of substances. And according to Saussure, the differences in language are only the ones "without positive term". This is an important basis of deconstructive criticism.

浪漫詩와 現代詩의 考察

金泫玉 호남대학교 1991 호남대학교 학술논문집 Vol.12 No.1

The best way of gliding into a proper definition of my terms would be to start with a set of people who are prepared to fight about it-for in them you will have no vageness. The thing is complicated in their case by the fact that it was romanticism that made the revolution. They hate the revolution, so they hate romanticism. There must have been some idea which enabled them to think that something positive could come out of so essentially negative a thing. There was, and here I get my definition of romanticism. They had been taought by Rousseau that man was by nature good, that it was only bad laws and customs that had suppressed him. Remove all these and the infinite possibilities of man would have a chance. This is what made them think that something positive could come out of disorder, this is what created the religious enthusiasm. Here is the root of all romanticism: that man, the individual, is an infinite reservoir of possibilities;and if you can so rearrange society by the destruction of oppressive order then these possibilities will have a chance and will get progress. Man is an extraordinarily fixed and limited animal whose nature is absolutely constant. It is only by tradition and organisation that anything decent can be got out of him. Put shortly, these are th two views, then. One, that man is intrinsically good, spoilt by circumstance;and the other that he is intrinsically limited, but disciplined by order and tradition to something faily decent. The view which regards man as a well, a reservoir full of possibilities, I call the romantic;the one which regards him as a very finite and fixed creature, I call the classical.

Likert式 經營診斷 技法을 통한 協力的 勞史關係 構築方案

李康玉,林夢澤,奉顯哲 조선대학교 경영경제연구소 1997 經營經濟硏究 = Management and economics research Vol.20 No.3

K-WAIS에 나타나는 유동적 지능과 결정적 지능의 발달 경향에 관한 연구

송현옥,박아청,김남선 한국성인교육학회 2008 Andragogy Today : International Journal of Adult & Vol.11 No.2

The purpose of this study was to measure how the intelligence of the adult is developing in proportion to their sex, schoolwork, standard of living as they grow old. Both Gf and Gc has been conducted by means of K-WAIS, and then Gf (done) by Perfonnance Scale, Gc by Verbal one respectively. This study collected the data from 280 persons in total, and which was classified into age-groups(i.e; from 20 to 24, 25 to 34, 35 to 44, 45 to &1, 55 to 64) according to the intelligence Scale developed by Wechsler's intelligence Scale, and also analyzed accordingly. The results of this study are as follows; First, there has been a significant difference between Gc and Gf(at the adult period)in proportion to their ages. Second, Gc and Gf have not statistically significant in proportion to their sex. Third, Gf and Gc with the schoolwork at the later-adult pehod has been as higher significantly in comparison with that at an early period in proportion to their academic background and ages. Fourth, in comparison of Gf and Gc between the higher standard of living and that of the lower one, the former has been higher significantly than the latter. 본 연구는 성인의 지능이 연령이 증가하면서, 성별, 학업별, 경제적 수준별에 따라서 어떻게 발달하는가를 K-WAIS측정도구로 유동적 지능(Gf)과 결정적 지능(Gc)을 측정하였다. Gf검사는 K-WAIS의 동작성 검사(Performance Scale)로, Gc검사는 K-WAIS의 언어성검사(Verbal Scale)로 측정하였고, 연구의 대상은 웩슬러(Wechsler)는 지능검사(Intelligence Scale)의 연령별 분류 기준인 20∼24세, 25∼34세, 35∼44세, 45∼54세, 55∼64세의 5개 그룹으로 나누어 총 280명을 대상으로 성인지능 발달 경향을 분석하였으며 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연령이 증가함에 따라 성인기의 Gf, Gc는 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 둘째, 성별에 따른 Gf, Gc는 통계적으로 유의미하지 않았다. 셋째, 학업에 따른 Gf, Gc의 성인 초기와 성인후기의 발달경향은 Gf, Gc 모두 성인후기가 유의미하게 높았다. 넷째, 경제적 수준이 높은 집단과 낮은 집단이 Gf, Gc는 경제적수준이 높은 집단이 낮은 집단보다 유의미하게 높았다.

트레드밀 운동이 청소년의 혈중지질에 미치는 영향

정현홍,양정옥,유창재 신라대학교 자연과학연구소 2006 自然科學論文集 Vol.15 No.-

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of treadmill exercise on adolescents serum lipids. This study was a simple pre- and post-test design. The participants of this study were 7 middle-school students located in a metropolitan city, Korea. All participants were boys (mean age=15.81 years; SD=.36), and were treated as a experimental group. A 12-week treadmill exercise program (60 min. & 3 times per week) was implemented. To collect blood samples and analyze TG, TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C, the Becton Dickison Vacutainer System was used. Results revealed that the participants' TG, TC, LDL-C were significantly decreased after the program. However, no significant differences were found in HDL-C even though there was an increase after the program. It was concluded that a 12-week treadmill exercise program can be as effective as other types of aerobic exercise in improving adolescents' serum lipids. Recommendations for future research and practice were provided.

英詩의 發展過程 : 王政復古期까지

김현옥 호남대학교 1993 호남대학교 학술논문집 Vol.14 No.-

True to the tradition of Christianity, Eliot believes that the progress of the human soul and its redemption depend on its ability to apprehend the Eternal felt and remembered in time. Although we may have fleeting moments of enlightenment, in which the timeless impinges on time, a fuller union and a deeper comunion with the Divine is possible only through a lifelong endeavour and discipline. This communion with the Divine not only brings salvation to the human soul but also completes the cycle of life by transfiguring into a pattern the rhythm of our existence and the order of creation and thus brings peace, happiness and joy to mankind through a satisfaction of the whole being. The progress of Eliot as a poet from "The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock" to Four Quartets may be said to be the progress of the intellectual soul, for in his poems there is what Highest rightly calls negative and largely papan soul building itself into a sincere and Christian and self-forgetting soul: a heap of ruins reconstructing itself into a shrine', The concluding lines of "The Little Gidding"may be said to be a philosophical summing up of the ideas of Eliot on time, history and on the redemption of man. According to Eliot, the spiritual exploration through time and eternity always takes us to the same destination which is the point of the intersection of the timeless with time. Life for Eliot is an eternal of birth and death and in order to understand the mysteries of birth, we must have the knowledge of death. History, which is a pattern of timeless moments, is part of this eternal cycle and the lives of human beings are significant in so far as they form an integral part of this pattern of timeless moments of history.