The HBV DNA Amounts in Serum Have No relationship with ALT level and Hetergeneous Population Coexits in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Chun, Yoon-Keun,Ha, Joo-hun,Hong-Jung-Woo,Oh, Soo-Myung,Kim, Sung-Soo 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Yoon-Keun Chun¹,Joohun Ha□Hong-Jung Woo□, Soo Myung Oh□,Sung Soo Kim□ ¹Department of Molecular Biology, College of Medicine,²Department of Surgery, college of Medicine,³Department of Internal Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine,and ⁴East-Weat Medical Reserch Institute,Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. The HBV DNA Amounts in Serum Have No relationship with ALT level and Hetergeneous Population Coexits in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 212-230, 1999. -Hepatitis B is caused by hepadnavirus. Hepatitis B virus replicates through 3.5kb pregenomic RNA intermediate which is regulated by core promoter. Pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus has been bilieved the result of host immune response. But recently many studies have reported that high level of viral replication caused by mutation in core promoter might result in severs hepatitis. But these studies were performed in vitro, not in vivo. So there is yet debate about which factor, viral of host factor, is more important in pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus. So we measured real viral replication level in 204 chronic hepatitis B patients by quantifying HBV DNA from sera by our novel PCR-based more sensitive method, and compared these results with ALT level measured from same sera, which indicates liver cell damage. Surprisingly there are no significant correlation between HBV DNA quantity and ALT level. Then we cloned core promoter region. In SSCP, we found that many viral mutants coexist in one patient. Base on SSCP result, we chose main viral core promoter type in each patients, which is thought to determine overall viral replication level in this patient. Main type of core promoter region of each 41 patients were directly sequenced. And with these we measured promoter activity by luciferase assay system and compared promoter activity with on another. We found tha there were some differences in promoter activity according to core promoter sequences. And we constructed replication-competent viral constructs with core promoter from 41 patients and Transfected these into HepG2 cell and measured HBV DNA by southern blot. There were also differences in HBV DNA quantity according to core promoter sequences. On these all results we investigated correlation between the effect of HBV core promoter on viral replication in vitro and HBN DNA quantity, ALT level from sera of each patients. We found there is no significant correlation among them. As a result, we concluded that in determining severity chronic hepatitis B patients, host factors of each patient is more important rather than replicative activity of virus itself.

Oblique Posterior Interbody Fusion with Bone Plugs by Unilateral Approach for Treatment of Lumbar Instability - Technical Note -

Soo Young Oh,Joo Han Kim,Jung Keun Suh 대한신경외과학회 2003 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.33 No.5

A new technical method using bone plugs with oblique posterior interbody fusion(OPIF) was designed to increase the fusion rate. One hundred-seventy-five patients were operated for lumbar instability between November 1990 and December 2000. The L5/S1 segment was affected in 129 cases(74%) of the patients. Oblique posteior interbody fusion with bone plugs by unilateral approach was performed in all patients. Eight-nine percent of these patients showed good surgical results. This stable transplant interbody fusion has the several advantages. Foreign substance is not used and this method increases fusion rate and cost-effective. OPIF using bone plugs along with Oh's screw could provide sufficient stability for segmental instability of the lumbar spine including spondylolisthesis of the lumbar spine, with or without concurrent herniated intervertebral disc or spondylotic narrowing. Key words:Bone plug;Lumbar spine;Oblique posterior interbody fusion(OPIF);Oh's screw.

장거리 육상선수들의 생리적 특성에 관한 고찰

오창석,이근일 龍仁大學校 1997 용인대학교 논문집 Vol.14 No.-

The purpose of this study is to analyze the statistical contribution of anthropometrical and physiological characteristics underlying 5,000 meter running performance in 5 high schools(group A) and 5 national representative(group B) male distance runners. 1.The relationship between heights(168.80cm vs 169.40cm) in 5,000 meter running performance was not significant in group A and group B, but the relationship between weights(53.80kg vs 59.20kg) in 5,000 meter running performance was significant in grouts B. 2.There were no differences in maximal heart rates(192 vs 192.40) between two groups A and B. 3.There was no significant relationship between VO2 max and 5,000 meter performance for both(76.96㎖/kg/min vs 79.80㎖/kg/min). 4.Blood lactate concentration of recovery phase was shown a significantly high lactate removal ability in group B, compared with group A(P<.02, P<.04, P<.01). 5.It was pointed out that the important causes of anthropometrical and physical attributes were ① before lactate acid ② weight ③ height (r=0.82, -0.75, 0.64) in group A. ① before lactate acid ② recovery blood lactate ③ VO2 max (r=0.75, -0.65, 0.65) in group B in the long distance running performance. As a result, it was been pointed out that a number of anthropometrical and physical attributes such as body size, body composition, running economy, pulmonary function, cardiovascular-respiratory function and running history as well as maximal oxygen consumption are relatively relevant to success in the long distance running performance. Based on the statistical analysis, high school(group A) male distance runners made more oxygen consumption and lactate than those of group B.

6주간의 '내경일지선(內勁一指禪)' 기공수련이 대학생의 신체조성 및 심폐기능에 미치는 영향

오재근,유종만,이근배 한국체육대학교 1996 敎養敎育硏究所 論文集 Vol.- No.1

'소림내경일지선' 수련이 대학생의 체력과 운동수행능력에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 최근 3개월 동안 특정한 운동을 지속적으로 행한 경력이 없으며 의학적 검진상 이상이 없는 건강한 남녀 대학재학생 6명을 대상으로 6주간의 기공수련을 실시한 후, 트레이드밀 위에서 All-out에 도달할 때까지 심박수, 혈압, 산소섭취량, 최대산소섭취량의 변화와 체지방률, 체지방량, 제지방체중, 체수분의 변화를 관찰한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 운동전 안정시 심박수(HR), 이완기 혈압(SBP)과 수축기 혈압(DBP)의 변화는 기공수련전에 비해 기공수련후 낮아졌다. 또한 운동전 안정시 폐할량(VC), 강제 호기율(FEV)과 최대환기량(MVV)은 기공수련전에 비해 기공 수련후 증가하였다. 2. 운동시 심박수 변화는 기공수련후 측정시 기공수련전에 비해 증가률이 낮았으며, 운동후 휴식기 심박수 변화는 기공수련전보다 기공수련후 유의성 있게 낮아졌다. 3. 운동시 산소 섭취량(VO₂) 변화는 기공수련후 운동시와 휴식시가 기공수련전에 비해 증가하였다. 또한 최대산소섭취량(VO₂max)의 변화는 기공수련후가 기공수련전에 비해 증가하였다. 4. 기공수련 참여전ㆍ후의 체중(weight), 체지방률(percent body fat), 체지방량(fat body weight), 제지방체중(lean body mass) 및 체액(body water)의 변화는 모두 기공수련후가 기공수련전에 비해 감소하였으나 통계적인 의의는 나타나지 않았다. Nowadays Qigong is one of the universal health-promotion-methods in Korea and is becoming more popular among Koreans. But it is not accomplished to have scientific analyses in sports science on the effects of Qigong. Therefore, this study was attempted to determine whether 6 wk Qigion training affect on alteration of cardiopulmonary factors(heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one sec., maximal voluntary ventilation), heart rate during exercise stress test, oxyge uptake & maximal oxygen uptake and body composition(weight, body fat, fat body weight, lean body mass, body fluid). As a result of this study, it aimed to investigate effects of 6wk Qigong training on cardiopulmonary function, physical fitness and body composition. For this study, 6 voluntary subjects(male 4, female 2) were chosen in untrained students of K University. they wre trained by teachers during 6 weeks and tested just before Qigong training and after 6 weeks. Each subject were measured body composition by body composition analyzer(model 310, biodynamics, U.S.A) and practiced pulmonary function test (model ST 250, Fukuda Sangyo Co., Japan) in regular order. And then they performed a treadmill exercise(model Q65, Quinton Co., U.S.A.) to the all-out state. During exercise stress test, electrocardiogram, heart rate and blood pressure were checked by stress test monitor(model Q4500, Quinton Co., U.S.A.) and also oxygen uptake, maximal oxygen uptake analyzed continuously by automatic gas analysis(model QMC, Quinton Co., U.S.A). Proc-T test of statistical analysis system was used in every experiment for statistical assessment. The results of proc-T test on this data were summarized as follow: 1. Cardiopulmonary function (HR, SBP, DBP, VC, FEV1, MVV) after Qigong traing were more improved than before 6 weeks(Table 1, Fig. 1). 2. Heart rate change during exercise stress test after Qigong training was shown more decreasing tendency than before training(Table 2, Fig. 2). Especially, heart rate change after Qigong training during resting periods was decreased significantly than before training. 3. Oxygen uptake change during exercise stress test after Qigong training was more increased than before training(Table 3, Fig. 3). And also maximal oxygen uptake after Qigong training was more increased than before 6 weeks(Table 4, Fig.4). 4. Body composition(Wt, body fat, FBW, LBM, body fluid) after Qigong training was more decreased than before 6 weeks(Table 5, Fig. 5). Above results indicate that Qigong training for 6 weeks has the effects on improving body composition and cardiovascular function.

ATM상에서의 멀티미디어 데이터 전송 서브시스템의 구현

오해석,이근왕 崇實大學校 生産技術硏究所 1996 論文集 Vol.26 No.1

We can save the moving time for taking park in meeting through the remote coferencing system. We can quickly make a decision by using video conferencing system in real-time. In this paper, we designed an prototype model of multimedia Data Transmission Subsystem on ATM. The desigend system is compased of audio server, video server, adn document server, adn they formulate audio subsystem, video sybsystem, and document subsystem respectively. The result of this paper can provide bse technology of implementing conferencing system, which may be enough to develop multimedia conferencing system for using voices, still images, full motion images in communication protocol.

適正米價策定에 關한 試論

吳根培 全南大學校開發硏究所 1964 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.2 No.-

This article attempts to examine the farm-price-supporting-level, which does directly influence on the farmer's income and consumre's expenditure. Agriculture is a basic industry occupied by about 60% of Korean population and producing about 40% of gross national products in Korea. Besides that, it produces much rice under the favorable conditions in the monsoon region of Asia. It is, therefore, the most important field in the industrial department compared with that of other country, and rice harvest occupies the key position of agricultural sector in Korea. Despite the fact that it is of great significance to suport the fair price level of farm products which indicates the final barometer to the production activities of farmers, agricultural price policy has noter been carried out reasonab1y. In other word, because the low-rice-price-policy has been enforced as a link in the chain of low-price-policy to present the inflation by the government, farm products was dealt with too much cheaply. In spite of the fact that the farmers have been encouraged to increase the farm products by the agricultural agency, the farm price were not supported at the reasonalle levels. The farm prices dropt so heavily that the farmer's income remained at the low levels. Accordingly it checked up the development of agriculture by depriving the production units of the farming-incentive. Moreover, a falling in effective demand for manufactual goods of rural sector leads to economic stagnation and to worse unemployment It is, therefore, of grest significance to set up the fair price levels of farm products in order to increase the agricultural production, to enlarge the fart come and to build up the background of economic growth. what kind of the fair price level is capable of compensating the producer for the cost of rice Before discussing on the fair price level of farm products, it is worth while to refer to the price suporting system of past day. We couldn't obtain a sufficient available data for recognizing the price supporting system of farm products, but it happened the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry set up the rice price level at the level of average cost computed by surveryng the prime cost of the harvested rice. But because the farm price was too low to continue their agricultural production activities satisfactorily, farmer's income remained, as we aleady pointed out. at the low level and the growth of agriculture and other lines was was checked up heavily. So in setting up this year's rice price level. the M.A.F. adopted the parity price of only one month-say November,1960-as a supporting system of farm products. The essence of the parity is, as we know to establish and maintain the balance between the production and consumption of agricultural commodities. Such marketing conditions therefore. will reestablish the price for farmers at a level that will give agricultural commodities their purchasing power in the base period But up to the present. we couldn't obtain the economic stable period capable of acquiring available price data and the balanced period between agriculture and industrial sector. In short. this year's supported parity price is not a reaonable level, because November, 1960 is not suitab1e for a period. as base year. Further-more, the parity price does not always compensate the farmers for the prime cost of farm products. New, I'm going to set up three types of the fair price level as follows (a) the production cost of rice as a lower limit of the fair price level which is not average cost of all farmers but 80% of bulk line cost, compensating most farmers for both their cast and the production price of marginal unit of production. (b) the consumer's living cost for rice as a upper limit of fair price level in order to avoid an abuse with which we set up the rice price level enough high to threat the labor's living cost. (c) the trend price of rice price ratio (rice price index/general price index) as a optimal fair price level similar to the new parity price system in spirit of the price support of farm products. We can solve the base year problem by avoiding a lot of unreasonableness accompanied in this year's parity price of rice calculated by the M.A.F The computation of the trend price of rice price ratio is simple. Let us take an example, as that in 1964. The average price of rice in Korea in base year(1947) on one hand, was 11.2 won per bag (80kg), on the other hand, the whole sale price index number is 52,551 and the trend value of rice price ratio is 1.0542. The trend price of rice price ratio in 1964, is 11.2×525.5l x1.0542-6,194 won This level of rice price should be supported in order to maintain the equalized purchasing power between agriculture and other sectors. As mentioned above, if we are to compute the fair price levels of rice, we can set up the suitable price level which does not threat the labor's living cost by compensating the farmers for the fair farm price. In short, this price suppolting system is, I think, the mast suitable one, compared with others. In addition to this, I will recommend the establishment of special fund (so colled, Agricultural Price Supporting Fund) which can be operated with a view first to compensate farmers for their suitable rice price and second to stabilize the rice price at the fair price level which does not threat the labor's living nest through the year.

米價變動에 關한 時系列的 分析

吳根培 全南大學校 農漁村開發硏究所 1963 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.1 No.-

This paper attemps to provide a suitable farm·price·policy, especially on Rice·Price·policy, which have directly influence on the income level of farm·house grasping the features of Rice·Price·fluctuation according to the seasonal change by the way of the statistical approch. It si true that even if the price of farm products is not an only one positive factor to increase farm income, it plays a great important role to provide the farming-incentive with producing units. On accont of the charateristcis of agricultural industry and special feature of our country's farming, we could be pointed out that, the agricultural market of Korea is subjected to sharp fluctuation accordings to the seasonal change. The price of rice declines heavily in harvest time(toward the end of October) and rises up off season (late in Septemper). Hoarding by the merchants in the market is one of the main causes of keen fructuation on price. In order to correct the seasonal price mechanism such attemps as Rice-Lien·Loan and Pegging System(policy), stabilizing price level by purchase and sale policy, have been carried into effect by M.F.A. of R.O.K. These economic efficiencies are practically studied in this theses through the analysis of time series(i.e. the method of 12 months moving avrerage) on whole sale prices of commodities in Korea Table 1. The comparison on the seasonal index of rice-price ------------------------------------------------------------------ period Range of price Fluctuation ------------------------------------------------------------------ 1952-1963 30.6% 1952-1957 30.6% 1957-1963 21.1% 1961-1963 18.6% ------------------------------------------------------------------ DATA: calculated from data of Bank of Korea. Note: (1) 1952-1963: Average from 1952 to 1963. (2) 1952-1957: Before put into Rice-Lien-Loan. (3) 1957-1963: After put into Rice-Lien-Loan. (4) 1961-1963: After Controlled price. As shown in table 1, the range of price fluctuation from 1952 to 1963 decreased by 9 per-cent compared with that of 1952. '57, by 18 per-cent more in 1957, '63 than in 1952-'63 than in 1952. '57, by 21per-cent from 1952. '57 to 1961. '63. The economic effect of stabilized price on grain depends upon not only price policy such as the Rice-Lien-Loan and price control, but also upon the amount of imported surplus farm products. For example in these years as 1952, 1953, and 1957 when imported surplus farm products exceeded domestic demand, the price of grain were more declined in harvest season than ever. The reason why the Rice-Lien-Loan couldn't more effect on grain-price not to rise seriously in pre-harvest while it didn't somewhat to let decline in post-harvest is probably due to its small amounts. We could expect hopefully the success of stabilization of farm-price in future if we more reasonably operate and expand the Rice-Lien-Loan-System and the Field-Sell-Market System(Super-Market)the later of which is now under operation as a pilot projects by the National Aglcultural Cooperatives.

골내 고정 장치용 초내식성 오스테나이트 및 듀플렉스 스테인리스강 가공재의 특성

오근택,강국진,박용수,김경남 大韓齒科器材學會 2003 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.30 No.3

Nickel is one of the most common causes of allergic contact dermatitis and hypersensitivity. In case of stainless steel as biomaterials, the higher the corrosion resistance and the lower the nickel content, the better it is or the human body. However, because nickel plays an essential role in the stabilization of the austenitic phase and the corrosion resistance of stainless steel, it is difficult to remove the nickel from the constituents of stainless steels completely. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate corrosion resistance, cytotoxicity, and mechanical property of super stainless steels, which had high corrosion resistance by synergistic effect of Mo(or W) and N, with respect to nickel content and to evaluate their potential for orthodontic applications. Super austenitic stainless steel(SR-50A) had high nickel content of 22% and super duplex stainless steels nickel contents of 6~10%. Super austenitic and duplex stainless steels had nitrogen contents of above 0.2%. Also, these steels had high Mo or W contents which were able to increase the localized corrosion resistance. In terms of hardness, super stainless steels, which had Vickers hardness values of 374~400 Hv in cold-rolled state and 186~285 Hv in annealed state, exhibited higher values than 316L S. S.. Duplex stainless steels exhibited higher mechanical properties than austenitic stainless steels. In terms of corrosion resistance, super stainless steels exhibited lower passive current density(2.3~3.8 ㎂/cm^2) than pure Ti(6.6㎂/cm^2) in the body-simulated solution and similar potentiodynamic polarization behaviors. Pitting corrosion occurred in 316L S. S. but not in the others. Thus these steels were considered to have high corrosion resistance in the human body. In terms of cytotoxicity, SR-5OA and SAF2507 exhibited none cytotoxicity and the others slight. This results indicated that the cytotoxicity of alloys containing nickel had no relation with nickel content because SR-5OA with the highest nickel content exhibited none cytetoxicity In conclusion, it is considered that super stainless steels with high corrosion resistance and good biocompatibility can be used for orthodontic applications because of the enhanced passive film by high addition of Mo, W, N, etc.

선박수리업무에 종사하는 군무원들의 작업환경에 대한 인식이 직업만족도에 미치는 영향

오경재,모영하,윤한,김명선,이정미,권근상 한국산업위생학회 2003 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.13 No.1

This study was carried out to evaluate the relations among working environments, health behaviors and satisfaction with their duty in a group of 200 ship-repair workers in the ROK navy. The results were as following; Age of workers was 40 years and over(83%) and working duration was 10 years and over (71.5%). Most of them were married and had studied beyond high school. The 69.5% of workers satisfied with their job, whereas. about 59.5% of workers had satisfaction with their working condition. There were current drinkers, 78.5%, current exercising workers, 43.5%, obese workers, 28.0%, and salted food intakers, 18.5% in the workers. The major harmful environmental factors in the ship-repair workplace are noise, vibration, dust and chemicals. Most of workers are exposed to above harmful factors and complained about exposure of noise and dust. The consumption of cigarette or alcohol in people who exposed to noise was much higher than in people who did not, but the difference was not statistically significant. Prevalence of obesity and hypertension were not significantly different between the exposure with noise and dust. Noise or dust exposure was significant relation to satisfaction with their duty and working condition. The affective factors for satisfaction with their duty were people who worked for 10 years or more(OR= 4.53), exercisers(OR=4.78) and dust(OR=3.05) in Logistic regression analysis.

膠原纖維 및 彈力纖維 染色法에 對한 考察

오근영 대한임상병리사협회 2001 대한임상병리사회지 Vol.21 No.1