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Sri Nugroho Marsoem,Fajar Setiaji,Nam Hum Kim,Joko Sulistyo,Denny Irawati,Widyanto Dwi Nugroho,Yus Andini Bekti Pertiwi 한국목재공학회 2015 목재공학 Vol.43 No.2
Fiber morphology and basic characteristics of Legi bamboos (Gigantochloa atter) growing on Yogyakarta were studied considering their age and height positions in the culms. Culms of 4, 16, and 40 months were harvested, and their total lengths were measured. The length, diameter, and wall thickness of each internode were measured. All the sample culms were divided into three different parts along the height, and their fiber dimension and physical properties were observed. The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance. The results showed that the culms had a diameter of 5.8 to 10.8 cm. The lowest internodes always showed the shortest length and the thickest wall. The culms had an average fiber length of 2.41 mm and Runkel ratio of 0.61. Fiber length was affected by the height, while fiber diameter, lumen diameter, and fiber wall thickness were affected significantly by the age of the culms. The culms had high green moisture content (GMC) of 157.89%, and basic density (BD) of 456.67 kg.m -3 , a total longitudinal shrinkage of 0.35%, and relatively low R/T shrinkage ratio. The interactions between age and height were affected GMC and BD.
Nugroho, Agung,Rhim, Tae-Jin,Choi, Moo-Young,Choi, Jae Sue,Kim, Youn-Chul,Kim, Min-Sun,Park, Hee-Juhn 대한약학회 2014 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.37 No.7
The herbs of Euphorbia supina (Euphorbiaceae) have been used to treat hemorrhage, chronic bronchitis, hepatitis, jaundice, diarrhea, gastritis, and hemorrhoids as a medicinal herb. This work is aimed to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the polyphenols with peroxynitrite-scavenging activities. The eight compounds: gallic acid, methyl gallate, avicularin, astragalin, juglanin, isoquercitrin 6"-gallate, astragalin 6"-gallate, and ellagic acid, were isolated from E. supina and used for HPLC analysis and peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$)-scavenging assay. Simultaneous analysis of the eight compounds was performed on MeOH extract and its fractions. The contents in MeOH extract and peroxynitrite-scavenging activities of the dimer of gallic acid, ellagic acid (15.64 mg/g; $IC_{50}$ $0.89{\mu}M$), and two galloylated flavonoid glycosides, astragalin 6"-gallate (13.72 mg/g; $IC_{50}$ $1.43{\mu}M$) and isoquercitrin 6"-gallate (16.99 mg/g; $IC_{50}$ $1.75{\mu}M$),were high, compared to other compounds. The legendary uses of E. supina could be attributed to the high content of polyphenols, particularly ellagic acid, isoquercitrin 6"-gallate, and astragalin 6"-gallate as active principles.
Som tum, the famous ethnic food of Thailand: its benefit and innovations
Nugroho David,Surya Reggie,Janshongsawang Jirapad,Thinthasit Aphinya,Benchawattananon Rachadaporn 한국식품연구원 2023 Journal of Ethnic Foods Vol.10 No.37
Som tum is widely recognized as a traditional ethnic cuisine originating from Thailand. The dish is composed of various ingredients, including raw papaya, tomatoes, chili, palm sugar, garlic, lime, and roasted peanuts, among others. This food is unique in terms of name, history, culture, properties, and taste. Enhancing health, physical fitness, and immunity are advantageous outcomes. The study uses a descriptive methodology approach. The data were obtained via comprehensive interviews conducted with a consumer, a food technology lecturer, an owner of a traditional shop, and a government staff member. The study was conducted in the Khon Kaen Province. The data supporting the research were obtained through a comprehensive review of relevant literature. Som tum is considered a significant aspect of the cultural experience in Thailand, particularly in the northeastern region. This particular food item has gained popularity among a broader demographic and is now regularly consumed as a staple food. Currently, this product has been introduced as an innovative addition to the business sector, with its availability in various products including ready-to-eat and seasoning. Som tum has the potential in the health food sector because it is made from many ingredients, so it is rich in glutamic acid, vitamin C, protease enzymes and essential amino acids which are good for human health. The objective of this article was to impart information relating to the historical background, uniqueness, composition, processing, health benefits, development, and innovation of som tum.
Nugroho, Agung,Lim, Sang-Cheol,Karki, Subash,Choi, Jae Sue,Park, Hee-Juhn Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. 2015 PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY Vol.53 No.5
<P><I>Context</I>: <I>Artemisia iwayomogi</I> Kitamura (Compositae) has been very widely used for the treatment of acute or chronic hepatitis, jaundice, and gastritis. In the course of our continuing efforts to identify and quantify peroxynitrite scavengers from Compositae plants, <I>A. iwayomogi</I> was used in this study.</P><P><I>Objective</I>: The present study was aimed to identify and quantify the peroxynitrite scavengers of <I>A. iwayomogi</I>.</P><P><I>Materials and methods</I>: Silica gel and ODS were used for column chromatography. The isolated compounds were quantified using an HPLC equipped with a Capcell Pak C18 column (5 μm, 250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d.), and the method was validated for the quality control. Peroxynitrite (ONOO<SUP>−</SUP>)-scavenging activities of the compounds and extracts were evaluated on the measurement of highly fluorescent rhodamine 123 converted from non-fluorescent dihydrorhodamine (DHR)-123 under the presence of peroxynitrite.</P><P><I>Results</I>: Based on the spectroscopic evidences, a new compound, 2″-<I>O</I>-caffeoylrutin (2″-<I>O-trans</I>-caffeic acid ester of quercetin 3-<I>O</I>-α-<SMALL>L</SMALL>-rhamnopyranosyl(1 → 6)-β-<SMALL>D</SMALL>-glucopyranoside) was isolated and determined together with patuletin 3-<I>O</I>-glucoside, scopolin, scopoletin, rutin, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, and chlorogenic acid. All of them were potent peroxynitrite scavengers (IC<SUB>50</SUB> ≤ 1.88 μg/mL).</P><P><I>Discussion and conclusion</I>: The peroxynitrite scavengers were mainly distributed in the EtOAc fraction rather than the ether and BuOH fractions. The 70% MeOH extract exhibited a high peroxynitrite-scavenging activity. Through the validation, the present HPLC method was verified to be sufficiently sensitive, accurate, precise, and stable. Therefore, this method can be used for the quality control of <I>A. iwayomogi</I>.</P>
Nugroho, Agung Endro,Hermawan, Adam,Nastiti, Kunti,Suven, Suven,Elisa, Pritha,Hadibarata, Tony,Meiyanto, Edy Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.11
The use of chemotherapeutics induces cardiotoxicity and affects immune functions, therefore development of combinatorial agents against cardiotoxicity and immunosuppression needs to be explored. Previous studies of the hexane insoluble fraction (HIF) of an ethanolic extract of Ficus septica leaves showed anticancer effects singly and in combination with doxorubicin on T47D breast cancer cells. In this present study, it was evaluated for its immunomodulatory activities in doxorubicin-treated rats. Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups consisting of six rats each as follows: Group 1, receiving oral saline 10 ml/kg BW (control group); Group 2, receiving HIF dose 750 mg/kg BW orally, once daily; Group 3, receiving HIF dose 1.500 mg/kg BW orally, once daily; Group 4, given oral saline 10 ml/kg BW (normal group); Group 5, receiving HIF dose 1.500 mg/kg BW orally, once daily. The rats of group 1-3 were intramuscularly administered with doxorubicin at a dose of 4.67 mg/kg BW at the days 1 and 4 to suppress immune functions. Concomitantly, the rats were treated with saline or HIF for seven consecutive days (1 to 7). Treatment of HIF succeeded in reducing side effects of doxorubicin based on increasing lymphocyte density and phagocytosis activity and capacity of macrophages, as well as increasing the CD8+ blood level and decreasing spleen IL-10 expression. Hexane insoluble fraction of of ethanolic extract of Ficus septica leaves has potential as a protective agent combined with doxorubicin.
Current Advances in Cryopreservation of Microalgae
Nugroho, Wahyu Sri Kunto,Kim, Do-A,Kim, Dong-Woo,Koo, Bon-Won,Hur, Young Baek,Kim, Hak Jun The Korean Society of Marine Life Science 2016 한국해양생명과학회지 Vol.1 No.1
Microalgae are of significant importance for future biotechnological applications. Many microalgae banks or laboratories attempt to maintain various microalgae for further research purposes. Cryopreservation has been preferred to reduce a labor-intensive and costly routine sub-culturing. Cryopreservation can also diminish the genetic drift risk. However, cryopreservation as a long term storage of microalgae method are still in developing progress because it cannot be generalized for all microalgae. Microalgae types, cryoprotectant agents (CPAs) types, freezing and thawing methods are the most important factors that should be considered for cryopreservation. In this short review the basic principles and the current advanced of microalgae cryopreservation methods are discussed with a suggested starting parameters for microalgae cryopreservation.
Nugroho, Agung,Chung, Kyung Yoon,Kim, Jaehoon American Chemical Society 2014 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.118 No.1
<P>Hierarchically mesoporous Li<SUB>4</SUB>Ti<SUB>5</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> (LTO) microspheres with a conductive layer coating are considered one of most promising structures to enhance high-rate performance as well as to retain high volumetric energy density. Herein, hierarchically mesoporous LTO microspheres with carbon coating are synthesized through a simple, supercritical alcohol route. The influence of varying synthesis conditions including concentration, solvent, reaction time, and calcination on the physicochemical and electrochemical properties of the LTO microspheres is carefully examined. Mesoporous LTO are synthesized at a short reaction time of 15 min in supercritical alcohols without using any structure-directing chemicals or templates. The use of supercritical methanol (scMeOH) results in a higher degree of surface modification, which retards the crystal growth more effectively when compared to supercritical ethanol (scEtOH) and supercritical isopropanol (scIPA). During heat treatment under a 5% H<SUB>2</SUB>/Ar condition, carbonization of the organic groups attached to the surface of LTO effectively restricts particle growth and reduces the surface Ti<SUP>4+</SUP> to Ti<SUP>3+</SUP>. At rapid charge–discharge rates of >8 C, or at long cycles of >50, the discharge capacities of the carbon-coated LTO are ordered scMeOH > scEtOH > scIPA. The higher degree of surface modification from scMeOH results in LTO with higher carbon content, higher Ti<SUP>3+</SUP> content, larger BET surface area, smaller average pore size, and larger porosity when compared to scEtOH and scIPA, which resulted in better electrochemical performance. The formation mechanism of the unique, hierarchically mesoporous structure in the supercritical alcohols is also discussed.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2014/jpccck.2014.118.issue-1/jp4099182/production/images/medium/jp-2013-099182_0013.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp4099182'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
GARCH-X(1, 1) model allowing a non-linear function of the variance to follow an AR(1) process
Nugroho Didit B,Wicaksono Bernadus AA,Larwuy Lennox 한국통계학회 2023 Communications for statistical applications and me Vol.30 No.2
GARCH-X(1,1) model specifies that conditional variance follows an AR(1) process and includes a past exogenous variable. This study proposes a new class from that model by allowing a more general (non-linear) variance function to follow an AR(1) process. The functions applied to the variance equation include exponential, Tukey's ladder, and Yeo–Johnson transformations. In the framework of normal and student-t distributions for return errors, the empirical analysis focuses on two stock indices data in developed countries (FTSE100 and SP500) over the daily period from January 2000 to December 2020. This study uses 10-minute realized volatility as the exogenous component. The parameters of considered models are estimated using the adaptive random walk metropolis method in the Monte Carlo Markov chain algorithm and implemented in the Matlab program. The 95% highest posterior density intervals show that the three transformations are significant for the GARCH-X(1,1) model. In general, based on the Akaike information criterion, the GARCH-X(1,1) model that has return errors with student-t distribution and variance transformed by Tukey's ladder function provides the best data fit. In forecasting value-at-risk with the 95% confidence level, the Christoffersen’s independence test suggest that non-linear models is the most suitable for modeling return data, especially model with the Tukey's ladder transformation.
Rethinking Indonesia’s E-Government Strategy: Between the Current and The Future Development
( Nugroho A. Prasetyo ) 한국행정학회 2023 한국행정학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2023 No.1
Recent developments in Indonesia indicate that the existing conception of e-government, which emphasizes improved quality and efficiency in public services, needs to be re-examined, particularly from the long-term perspective. The study offers a prospective perspective that characterizes e-government in the world as a tool for improved government in the most general sense. It positions egovernment at the center of public management modernization and reform, where technology is used as a strategic tool to modernize public administrations' structures, processes, regulatory frameworks, human resources, and organizational cultures in order to deliver better government and, ultimately, increase public value. In this opinion, e-government must be increasingly networked, dispersed, and knowledge-based. Unfortunately, there are numerous approaches concerning the strategy of e-government that could give us the misapprehension. By combining the definitions and goals of e-government strategy, especially from the valid literature, this article intends to propose a thorough and encompassing definition of e-government strategy and to outline the goals of carrying out such projects in order to provide the suggestion for the government of Indonesia.
Nugroho, Agung Endro,Akbar, Fiki Fatihah,Wiyani, Anggie,Sudarsono, Sudarsono Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.16
The study aimed to investigate the profile of alkaloids in two ethyl acetate soluble fractions, namely fractions A and B from an ethanolic extract of Ficus septica leaves and cytotoxic effect on T47D breast cancer cells. Preparation of both fractions involved maceration of leaves with 70% (v/v) ethanol, filtration with $Al_2O_3$, precipitation with 0.1 N HCl, Mayer reagent, and 0.1 N NaOH, and also partition with ethyl acetate. Qualitative thin layer chromatography (TLC) was conducted to determine the profile of alkaloids in the two fractions, using alkaloid specific reagents such as Dragendorff, sodium nitrite, and Van Urk-Salkowski. Cytotoxic effects of both fractions on T47D cells were evaluated using MTT assay with a concentration series of 1.56; 3.12; 6.25; 12.5; 25 and $50{\mu}g/mL$. The TLC test showed that fractions A and B contained alkaloids with Rx values of 0.74 and 0.80 for fraction A and 0.74, 0.84, 0.92 for fraction B with regard to yohimbine using the mobile phase of n-buthanol:glacial acetic acid:distilled water (3:1:1 v/v/v). Moreover, an indole alkaloid was detected with Rx values of 0.80 and 0.84, respectively. Fractions A and B exhibited high cytotoxic effects on T47D cells with IC50 values of 2.57 and $2.73{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. In conclusion, overall the results of this study showed that fractions of Ficus septica contain alkaloids including indole alkaloid or its derivatives and possess a cytotoxic effect on T47D cells. This research supports the idea that alkaloids in F. septica have anticancer activity.