Secondary Recrystallization in Metals: Approach by Solid-State Wetting Hyung-Seok Shim and Nong-Moon Hwang

( Hyung Seok Shim ),( Nong Moon Hwang ) 대한금속재료학회(구 대한금속학회) 2014 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.52 No.9

The mystery of Goss selective abnormal grain growth (AGG) in Fe-3%Si steel has long remained unsolved since its discovery by Goss in 1933. Similarly, the mechanism of secondary recrystallization, which is commonly observed in many metallic systems, has long been a puzzle. Here, attempts to solve this puzzle are reviewed with a focus on solid-state wetting along the triple junction of polycrystalline metals. Especially, the grains with sub-boundaries of very low energy exclusively have a high probability to grow by solid-state wetting and as a result can grow abnormally. The 3-dimensional Monte Carlo (MC) and phase field model (PFM) computer simulations showed that the presence of sub-boundaries induces AGG. The existence of sub-boundaries exclusively in abnormally-growing grains was experimentally confirmed in Fe-3%Si steel and in 5052 Al alloy. The time evolution of abnormally growing grains by ex-situ observation and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis of 5052 Al alloy clearly revealed many microstructural evidences for AGG by triple-junction wetting. Misorientation angle measurements by EBSD of the grains belonging to the penetrating morphology showed that the penetrated grain boundaries have high energy and the penetrating grain boundaries tend to have low energy, in agreement with the wetting condition along the triple junction. Parallel three-dimensional MC simulations starting with the experimental misorientationdata, which consider sub-boundaries and precipitates, show many realistic AGG features observed experimentally. (Received July 28, 2013)

儒達山公園의 效果的 利用方案에 關한 硏究

金農梧 木浦大學校沿岸生物硏究所 1989 沿岸生物硏究 Vol.6 No.1

In the study I analized the actual use of Yudal park and proposed several plans for the effective use of the park. To analize the actual use of the park, I applied questionaire method and Spss computer system. valuable samples are 1161 out of 2.000. In the analysis I find out several results First, The most high use frequency is 1~5 times per month (76.3%) Second, 62.2% of them are used to visit the park on sunday or holiday. 52.2% of them are used to visit the park at after noon. Third, 55.9% of them delay for 1 or 2 hours. Fourth, 48.7% of them visit with their family Fifth, 52.3% of them visit on foot. And 78.3% of them are used to climb the park through the entrance post Sixth, 35.8% of them visit the park for the purpose of resting and 29% of them for health. Seventh, 75% of them satisfied with the sea landscape but 3.8% of them satisfied with the facilities in the park. Eighth, most of them want to develope the park more beautiful. Nineth, most high correlation factors with the distance are use frequency, use day, use time, delaying time, campanions and the means of transportation. Tenth, most high correlative factors with use frequency are age, occupation, and distance Eleventh, most high correlative factors with delaying time are occupation, distance, conpanions and the means of transportion. Twelventh, I proposed 6 plans to develop Yudal park according to the demand.

홍도관광객 계절별 수요변화 양태에 관한 연구

김농오,김미성 木浦大學校 沿岸環境硏究所 1999 沿岸環境硏究 Vol.16 No.1

이상과 같이 고찰해 볼 때 홍도 관광객은 계절에 상관없이 순관광을 즐기기위해(87.3%), 1박 2일∼2박 3일 정도 일정을 가지고 멀리 서울 강원 경기지역에서 59.2%정도가 즐겨찾는 곳으로 분석된다. 거의 모두 방문회수가 1회(77.7%)가 대부분임을 감안 일평생에 한번 즐겨찾는 관광명소가 될 수 있도록 서비스를 개선해야 하며 아직도 만족정도가 73.6%에 이르고 있으나 교통편이나 숙박시설 가격이나 질, 다양성 등에 만족한다가 보다 순수한 홍도 자연경관 감상에 기대치에 비해 만족하는 것이 아닌가 사료된다. 타인에 대한 권유의사가 57.1%에 되지 않는다는데 정부에서는 주목해야 한다고 본다. 특히 본 연구결과에 의해서 홍도 관광객은 계절에 변동없이 인구 통계학적인 관광객 구성 요소가 골고루 분포하며 오직 연령에 따라 계절별 분포가 달리 나타난다는 사실을 찾아냈다. 동시에 50대 계층만이 계절이 상관없이 지속적으로 홍도를 관광하는 가장 안정된 고객이라는 것도 밝혀졌다. 갈수록 노령화사회가 되어가고, 직장에서 조기 은퇴자가 많아질 21세기를 내다볼 때 이들 계층을 적극 유치하기 위한 좀더 적극적이고, 시설과 모든 서비스의 고급화 전략을 향후 홍도 관광발전계획에 반영해 줄 것을 권고하며 이에 대한 연구는 향후 과제로 유보하며 글을 맺고자 한다. The main purpose of this study is to find out the Hongdo tourists' distribution deviation variables among 4 seasons. Several variables were found to be correlation equations constants such as age and travel ships. 50 age groups are the unchargeable clients who visit in Hongdo per seasons. 40 age groups need to visit on summer and 30 age groups used to visit on winter differently. But general tourists of Hongdo were apt to visit as a pure tourisis without considering any season.

觀光農園 利用實態 分析에 關한 硏究 : 함평 백호 관광농원을 중심으로 A case study Back-ho tourism farm in Hampyung

김농오,조용기 목포대학교 자연자원개발연구소 1999 자연자원연구 Vol.2 No.-

It analyzes the demographic characteristics of the farm users. It is done with the actual utilizing condition of visitors : the purpose of visiting, the type of companions, the visiting days, the frequency, the season, the schedule, the hours of transporting and staying, the purpose of visiting according to the sexes, the ages, and the jobs. Analyzing the degree of satisfaction about the facilities in Back-Ho Tourism Farm. In result, 76.5% of users are men and 30 or 40 years old age group are popular. Middle class of income visits more than other group. The dwellers in kwang-ju, Ham-pyung and Na-ju visits the farm more than any other area. Weekend and holiday tourists are popular and 64.6% of then visits the farm for the first time. Morning users with luncheon visitors are popular and 70.9% of than visitors in the spring season.

갓바위 公園內 鄕土文化館 利用者 特性과 利用行態 相互間 相關性에 關한 硏究

金農梧 木浦大學校 沿岸環境硏究所 1993 沿岸環境硏究 Vol.10 No.1

The purpose of this study is to propose as a fundamental planning theory in the development plan of Gatbawi Park. To find out some variables that impact between the users in the cultural center in Gatbawi park, questionaire method was used. The Items of user factor are Sex, Age, Occupation, Income, Intelegence, and the items of Behaviour factor are Accompany, Purpose, Transportation, Degree of Satisfaction, Visit again, Next destination, Parking area. In the result correlation between Sex and Degree of satisfaction, Age and Accompany, Transportation, Degree of satisfaction, Visit again, Occupation and Accompany, Purpose, Transportation, Income and Transportation are most high. So it would be better to consider the factor of Age between Occompany, Transportation, Occupation between Accompany, Transportation, Purpose etc in the development of Gatbawi Park later.

西南海 島嶼景觀의 視覺的 選好度 分析에 關한 硏究

金農梧,郭幸求 木浦大學校沿岸生物硏究所 1991 沿岸生物硏究 Vol.8 No.1

다양한 景觀을 연출하고 있는 西南海岸 島嶼 景觀의 視覺的 選好度를 리커트 尺度(Likert Attitude Scale)와 쌍체 비교 기법(Paired Comparison)을 通하여 각 因子別 選好度 測定과 各 地域別 主要 因子를 分析하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 리커트 尺度를 通하여 視覺的 選好度를 分析한 結果 관매도의 하늘 다리가 가장 높게 나타난 반면 다음으로 홍도의 거북이 바위, 관매도의 기암, 신안군의 광대섬 수림 등의 自然景觀이 높게 나타난 반면에 대흑산도 예리항 전경, 소흑산도 마을 전경, 신안군 하의면 마을 전경 등의 文化京觀은 낮게 나타났다. 2. 쌍체비교기법을 通한 視覺的 選好度 分析結果를 흑산도에서는 기암이 신안군 일대에서는 수풀림, 백사장이, 홍도에서는 동굴, 항구 마을이, 소흑산도에서는 절벽이, 관매도에서는 島嶼군의 景觀이 제일 높은 치를 보이고 있다. 3. 각 因子別 Factor Score을 비교 分析한 結果 마을 景觀이 6.249로 높게 나타났으며, 다음으로 절벽, 항구, 기암, 백사장 순으로 나타났다. 4. 각 地域別 Score를 비교 分析한 結果 홍도 지역이 9.493으로 가장 높게 나타났으며 다음으로 신안군 일대, 관매도, 흑산도, 소흑산도 순으로 나타났다. The purpose of this thesis is to suggest objective basic data for the landscape planning and design through the quantitative analysis of the visual factors in the southwest islands in Korea. I evaluated the visual preference of islands landscape by Likert attitude scale and paired comparison. The results are these. 1. Ranks of visual preference measured by Likert attitude scale method have found to be high values of slide 31, 17, 25, 34 of natual landscape, yield low values of slide 5, 13, 14, 38 of cultural landscape. 2. Result of visual preference analysis measured by paired comparison method have found to be high values of rocks of fantastic shape landscape, in the area of the HUKSANDO, a forest landscape, a white sandy plain landscape in the area of SHINAN GUN, a cavern landscape, a port landscape, a village landscape in the area of the HONGDO, cliff landscape in the area of SOHUKSANDO, an island group in the area of KWANMAEDO. 3. Results of visual preference measuard by Factor score method have found to be a village landscape, a cliff landscape, a port landscape, rocks of fantastic shape landscape, a white sandy plain landscape in that order. 4. According to the result of location score method have found to be the HONGDO(9.493), SAINAN GUN, KWANMAEDO, HUKSANDO, SOHUKSANDO in that order.

농촌경관의 개발과 보존방안에 관한 연구 : 미국 콜로라도주 사례 colorado state in U.S.A.

김농오 木浦大學校 沿岸環境硏究所 1997 沿岸環境硏究 Vol.14 No.1

The purpose of this study is to propose as a fundamental planning theory and policy in the rural landscape projects. Such a new concept of rural landscape planning policy and theory could be applied by a well developed rural area in colorado state. Several results could be found by the study. First, The Authority of regulating the rural land should be transfered to country from federal agency. Second, The rural policy planning process should be changed from Top down planning to self-reliance. Third, It is necessary to cowork with regional agency, regional university and the inhabitants for the purpose of accomplishing rural community development projects. Fourth, It is necessary to study about the new heartland and countified cities. Fifth, Sustainable development projects could be succeeded by means of self-reliance. Finally, Rural landscape could be enhanced by tourism related development policy as colorado state in U.S.A.

榮山湖 周邊 觀光資源의 效果的 利用方案에 關한 硏究

金農梧 木浦大學校沿岸生物硏究所 1989 沿岸生物硏究 Vol.6 No.1

In the study, I analize tourism resources around the Youngsan lake. To analize the tourism resources I applied suitability method. In the study, I find out several results such as these. First, there are 11.63 million tourists in Chunnam province in 1990 and 26.1% of them are come from Chunnam, 18.8% of them are come from Kwangju, 14.8% of them are come from Seoul and 60.3% of them are come from the other areas. Also, 12.2% of Kwangju tourists, 14.7% of Mokpo tourists, 12.8% of Sunch??n tourists, 6.1% of Yeosoo tourists are come around Youngsan lake Second, there are 2 national treasures and 4 treasures are preserved in the region. And most cultural tourism resources are not developed. Third, there are small mountains below 400m, but long and wide Youngsan river has various natural tourism resources, such as, wild life, natural monuments, fishes. And there are many orchards around Youngsan lake. It can be developed as tourists' farm. Fourth, transportation system is well developed and the site located in 1 hour from Kwangju and 0.5% hour from Mokpo. But It may be well to develop scenic road by the way of Youngsan river. Fifth, Most valuable evaluated tourism area is Nabuldo. And the mountains and ridges of Montan myon around the midium part of Youngsan river may be well to develop as tourism resting area. Also wolho li may be well to develop as tourism resting place.

三鶴島公園의 利用實態 分析에 關한 硏究

金農梧 木浦大學校沿岸生物硏究所 1990 沿岸生物硏究 Vol.7 No.1

本 調査는 1990年 6月 1日부터 1990年 6月 30日 사이에 걸쳐서 木浦市民 706名을 對象으로 抽出한 설문지를 SPSS Computor 分析하여 三鶴島 公園의 利用行態를 13개 問項을 中心으로 알아 보았다. 分析結果 問項別 利用者의 百分率順位는 이용빈도에 있어서는 1~5회가 가장 높고, 訪問日時는 요일에 關係없이 午前보다 午後에 主로 利用하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 同伴人의 경우 家族이나 親舊와 함께 市內에서 버스便으로 主로 오고 있으며, 主로 찾는 곳은 항만施設 부근과 住宅地域이며 訪問目的은 散步나 散策을 主로 하며, 三鶴島의 좋은 점으로 바다 景致와 전설적 이미지를 높이 選好하고 있다. 開發方向에 있어서 大部分 市民들이 公園으로 造成하길 원하고 있고, 具體的 事業으로 不良住居整備, 植栽, 移住民 生計對策, 道路港灣施設, 工場移轉, 公害對策 등을 들고 있다. 問項間相關分析結果 性別同伴類型의 差異가 많으며, 居住地別 訪問回數, 同行人, 接近手段, 즐겨찾는 곳과 相關性이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 즐겨찾는 곳과는 年齡別 訪門요일과 相關性이 높고 訪門目的과의 相關性은 年齡別, 職業別, 居住地, 同行人, 訪門日時, 相關性이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 開發方向에 있어서는 住民들의 學力과 居住位置 및 利用頻度에 따라 상당한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다 This study was conducted to find out the use pattern of Samhakdo park by the people in Mokpo City. To analize the use pattern, I applied questionaire method which include this items. Those samples were analized by Spss computer Program. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The characteristics of Samhakdo park may be well changed natural park from neighborhood park. There were no park boundary and no park road. But 151,000㎡ of the park area has a good potentiality to develop a park. 2. Most dominent frequency is the item of 1~5 times in a year(43.6%), at any day(70.0%), family(30.2%), by bus(40.9%), harbour area(25.2%), promenade(41.5%) and the legendary image(35.5%). And 44.1% of the people want to develop as a park and only 6.1% of them want to maintain such an environment. 3. Most dominent correlation factors are sexual companions, residential visit frequency, residential use patterns, pleasures per age, time of visit and the purpose of visit. development proposals and residential area, academic career between development proposals. 4. It is nccessary to make a long term openspace plan. And the plan must consider solving the problems of the livelihood of the people in the Samhakdo park.

儒達山公園의 視覺影響平價를 위한 選好性 分析에 關한 硏究

金農梧,盧載鉉 木浦大學校沿岸生物硏究所 1991 沿岸生物硏究 Vol.8 No.1

The identity of the Natural Park is a combination of cultural and natural history, the variety of its interest groups, and its development patterns. It is therefore, necessery to see its Visual Resource in this respect, as functional, richly diverse, and environmentally beneficial to the health and productivity of people and places. A growing body of research has directly improved open spaces through evaluation and redesign. Utilizing a "Post Occupancy Evaluation or Visual Impact Assessment" approach, applied studies have attempted to directly influence the redesign and management of Open Space. The purpose of this thesis is to suggest objective basic data for the environmental fit for now and future through the quantitative analysis of the visual quality included in the physical environment of Yudal Park in Mokpo city. For this, Visual volumes of physical element have been evaluated by using the Mesh analysis, Visual preferance have been measured by each familiarity Group's questionnaires and Scenic Beauty Estimation method. Spatial image structure of physical elements have been analyzed by the factor analysis algorithm and visual preference score in Visual Impact by panoramic photo have been measured by paired Comparison and SBE method. Result of these thesis can be summarized as follow. The view point J.M obtain the higher rank of visual preference, visual volumes of the rocks, street tree and park funiture are found to express regression relation in all Group. But inferiority house, building minus factor determining the visual preference.