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Chlorella 의 생리적 , 생화학적 제활성에 미치는 γ - 선의 영향
이영녹 (Yung Nok Lee) 한국식물학회 1964 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.7 No.3
LEE, Yung Nok (Dept. of Biology, Korea University) Effects of Cobalts-60 γ-ray irradiation on the physiological and biochemical activities of Chlirella. Kor. J. Bot., Ⅶ(3):9-14, 1964 The sensitivities of Chlorella ellipsoidea to r-ray from Cobalt-60 were determined by measuring the photosynthetic and respiratory activities and the changes in phosphate contents in various fractions of the irradiated cells, which were further grown in a standard medium after irradiation, were compared to those of non-irradoated normal cells. The photosynthetic and respiratory activities of the cells were almost inversely propotional to the dose of γ·ray irradiated and the photosynthetic activity was more sensitive than the respiratory activity of the cells. The most sensitive to γ-ray was growth activity, followed by photosynthesis, exogenous and endogenous respirations of the cells in decreasing order. Chlorella cells were so resistant to γ-ray compared with other organisms that about 280,OO0 r dose of γ-ray irradiation was necessary to reduce as much as half the subsequent photosynthetic activity. When the irradiated algae were further cultured in a standard medium, the phosphate contents in the fraction of DNA, RNA and phosphoprotein decreased considerably compared with those of non-irradiated normal cells, while the phosphate contents in the fraction of polyphosphates increased than those of control. Therefore, it was deduced that γ-ray inhibited the synthesis of DNA from polyphosphates, that the synthetic activitied of RNA and protein were decreased owing to either these indirect effect on DNA synthesis or the direct effect of γ-ray itself, and that the growth of Chlorella cells were consequently retarded.
Neurospora 의 생육시기에 따른 호흡능의 변화와 자외선 감수성과의 상관관계
이영녹 (Yung Nok Lee) 한국식물학회 1963 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.6 No.4
LEE, Yung Nok (Dept. of Biology, Korea University) Changes in respiratory activity and the sensitivity to ultraviole light of Neurospora cells at different growing stages. Kor. Jour. Bot. Ⅵ (4) : 1-4. 1963. Using conidia of Neurospora, changes in respiratory activities and the sensitivity to the ultraviolet light of the cells at different growing stages were measured by manometric methods, and the correlation between them was observed. Efficiency in the utilization of various carbon sources, such as, glucose, sucrose, maltose, starch and sodium acetate, in growth and exogenous respiration of N. crassa was also determined. Growth rate of N. crassa was decreased considerably in the medium containing sodium acetate than in the glucose medium and was almost zero in the lactose medium, whereas the utilization of sucrose. maltose and starch was very high, as that of glucose. Respiratory activities of the cells veried considerably depending upon their different growing stages. Actively growing hyphae exhibited the greatest activity in exogenous glucose respiration, followed by germinating and activated conidia in decreasing order. There was no proportional relationship between the dose of ultraviolet light irradiated and its effect on the respiratory activity of the cells, though the more the dose of ultraviolet light, the more the injuri. The sensitivity of the cells to ultraviolet light varied with the different respiratory activities of the cells linked to the deve1opmental stages. In general, the more actively glowing cells having high respiratory activities exhibited the more serious injury.
Discovery of carbonic anhydrase isozyme in seawater fish, shaggy sea raven, Hemitripterus villosus
Nok En Kyon,Kang Hee Kho 한국발생생물학회 2011 한국발생생물학회 학술발표대회 Vol.30 No.-
Carbonic anhydrases catalyze the hydration of carbon dioxide and are essential for regulation of cellular pH and carbon dioxide transport. CA is the zinc metalloenzyme that catalyses the reversible reactions of CO2 with water. To date, 16 isozymes belonging to the α-CA gene family. A carbonic anhydrase isozyme is present in shaggy sea raven, Hemitripterus villosus. Carbonic anhydrase isozyme protein isolated from several tissues showed specific protein band with molecular weight of 30 kDa. The isolated protein band was identified as a carbonic anhydrase isozyme.
Retroperitoneal Hematoma after Excision of Lumbar Extradural Arachnoid Cyst- Case Report -
Nok Young Lee,Choong Hyun Kim,Koang Hum Bak,Jae Min Kim,Suck Jun Oh 대한신경외과학회 2002 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.31 No.2
Many cases of retroperitoneal hematoma related to spine surgery have been reported, however, most of them were caused by major vessel injury related to intradiscal or retroperitoneal procedures. We report an unusual case of a retroperitoneal hematoma followed by surgical excision of the lumbar extradural arachnoid cyst without intradiscal procedure. To our best knowledge, this complication without intradiscal procedure has not been described previoulsly. The pathogenetic mechanism of retroperitoneal hematoma in this report is unclear. We discuss the plausible pathophysiological mechanisms of retroperitoneal hematoma which developed after excision of arachnoid cyst. Key words:Retroperitoneal hematoma;Extradural arachnoid cyst;Laminoplasty.
중국의 희토류 자원 수출규제를 둘러싼 국제통상법적 쟁점 및 전망 -``중국-원자재 수출규제 분쟁사건``을 중심으로-
김녹영 ( Nok Young Kim ),고준성 ( Joon Sung Koh ) 안암법학회 2012 안암 법학 Vol.0 No.39
In recent years, rare earths have received worldwide attentions. Chinese leaders have long emphasized the strategic importance of rare earths. As the late Chinese patriarch Deng Xiaoping famously stated, "The Middle East has oil, and China has rare earths." China currently supplies approximately 97 percent of the world`s consumption of "rare earths," which includes 17 elements such as cerium, neodymium, lathanum, yttrium and dysprosium, to name a few. Rare earths have become essential components in high-tech industries such as computer, cell phones, light bulbs, stainless steel and a number of green technologies like wind turbines and hybrid cars. Part II examines the recent rulings of the Dispute Settlement Body (hereinafter "DSB") of the World Trade Organization (hereinafter "WTO") in China-Raw Materials, which have important legal and policy implications. At issue was China`s use of tariffs and non tariff measures to restrict the export of nine raw materials (bauxite, coke, fluorspar, magnesium, manganese, silicon carbide, silicon metal, yellow phosphorus and zinc). The complainants-the United States, the European Union and Mexico-challenged China`s export restraints as violations of the provisions of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 (hereinafter "GATT") and China`s Protocol of Accession (hereinafter the "Protocol"). China defended its measures by invoking GATT Article XX (g), which makes an exception for measures relating to the conservation of exhaustible natural resources, and Article XX (b), which allows measures necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health. China`s argumentation, however, was rejected by the WTO judiciary. The WTO judiciary made two key findings. First, it found that China`s export duties breached China`s obligation to eliminate export duties under paragraph 11.3 of the Protocol, and that China may not invoke GATT Article XX to justify its breach, because there is no textual link between paragraph 11.3 and the GATT provision. Second, it found that China`s export restrictions violated GATT Article XI: 1, which prohibits all quantitative restrictions on imports and exports, and that the violation cannot be justified by the environmental exceptions under Article XX (b) or (g) because China failed to demonstrate that it has similarly restricted domestic consumption. Soon after the WTO rulings on China-Raw Materials, the United States, the EU and Japan filed another WTO case, challenging China`s export restrictions on rare earths, tungsten and molybdenum. Part Ⅲ overviews this case. The issues involved in the new case are almost identical with those in China-Raw Materials case, except the stakes are even higher due to the strategic importance of rare earths for high tech industries. It is expected that China will defend its restrictive measures against rare earths by invoking Article XX (b) or (g) and try to revise the irrational WTO regime on export restraints applied to newly acceding countries including China. As a conclusion, Part Ⅳ suggests the perspectives and implications of trade dispute case on China`s rare earths.