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Early Childhood Care and Education in Cambodia
Nirmala Rao,Veronica Pearson 육아정책연구소 2009 International Journal of Child Care and Education Vol.3 No.1
This paper analyses child care and education policy in Cambodia, a country where there is currently a strong commitment to Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE). This is done by (i) providing an overview of national statistics related to the health and development of young Cambodian children and information about their access to ECCE programs; (ii) considering government policy, administrative structures, and funding for ECCE; and (iii) discussing the different models of preschool provision (state preschools, community preschools, home-based programs and private preschools) that are available. Recent initiatives and research findings are discussed and the implications of the analysis for policy development and young children’s well-being are considered.
Nirmala, C.,Sridevi, M. Techno-Press 2022 Advances in nano research Vol.13 No.4
Endophytes ascertain a symbiotic relationship with plants as promoters of growth, defense mechanism etc. This study is a first report to screen the endophytic population in Waltheria indica, a tropical medicinal plant. 5 bacterial and 3 fungal strains in leaves, 3 bacterial and 1 yeast species in stems were differentiated morphologically and identified by biochemical and molecular methods. The phylogenetic tree of the isolated endophytes was constructed using MEGA X. Silver nanoparticles were biosynthesized from a rare endophytic bacterium Cupriavidus metallidurans isolated from the leaf of W. indica. The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by UV-Visible spectrophotometer that evidenced a strong absorption band at 408.5 nm of UV-Visible range with crystalline nature and average particle size of 16.4 nm by Particle size analyzer. The Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectrum displayed the presence of various functional groups that stabilized the nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction peaks were conferred to face centered cubic structure. Transmission Electron Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope revealed the spherical-shaped, polycrystalline nature with the presence of elemental silver analyzed by Energy Dispersive of X-Ray spectrum. Selected area electron diffraction also confirmed the orientation of AgNPs at 111, 200, 220, 311 planes similar to X-ray diffraction analysis. The synthesized nanoparticles are evaluated for antimicrobial activity against 7 bacterial and 3 fungal pathogens. A good zone of inhibition was observed against pathogenic bacteria than fungal pathogens. Thus the study could hold a key aspect in drug discovery research and other pharmacological conducts of human clinical conditions.
Nirmala, R.,Kim, Hak Yong,Yi, Chuan,Barakat, Nasser A.M.,Navamathavan, R.,El-Newehy, Mohamed Elsevier 2012 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.37 No.13
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>In this study, Ni-doped titanium dioxide (TiO<SUB>2</SUB>) electrospun nanofibers are introduced as novel material for dehydrogenation of ammonia borane (AB) complex. Hydrolysis experiments with introduced catalytic nanofibers are prevailed to rapidly release hydrogen from AB complex. Typically, Ni nanoparticles (NPs) behave as a catalyst, meanwhile the incorporation of nickel NPs lead to decrease in the electrons/holes recombination rate in TiO<SUB>2</SUB> which resulted in the increase of active ions in the solution to a rapid evolution of hydrogen gas at room temperature. The utilized physiochemical analyses indicate that the introduced Ni-doped TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanofibers have a smooth surface and uniform diameters along their lengths. Under sunlight irradiation, the hydrogen production rate in case of utilizing Ni-doped TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanofibers is rapidly increased compared to the pristine TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanofibers, the maximum hydrogen equivalent in case of the doped nanofibers is 2.6 while the pristine one is 1.4. Both formulations exhibit almost equal low activity in daylight as the observed hydrogen equivalent is 0.4. Overall, this study proposes cheap, stable and effective material for AB dehydrogenation at room temperature.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>► Novel Ni–TiO<SUB>2</SUB> photocatalyst is introduced for ammonia borane (AB) hydrolysis. ► A simple method to synthesis Ni-doped TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanofibers for hydrogen production. ► High amount of hydrogen was produced by catalyst assisted hydrolysis. ► This is a cheap, stable and effective material for AB dehydrogenation. ► The introduced photocatalyst reveal good performance even at low content.</P>
( Nirmala Pradhan ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1
Background: Depression often exists co-morbidly with other conditions like anxiety, irritability and stress. Objectives are to assess the levels of depression, anxiety and stress among postnatal mothers and to fi nd the correlation between depression, anxiety and stress Methods: A descriptive survey approach was selected for the study and non-probability convenient sampling technique was used to select 100 postnatal mothers at M.S. Ramaiah Medical Teaching Hospital, Bangalore, India. Results: From the total subject, 16% of the subjects as mild Depression, 13% as moderate depression, 5% as extremely severe Depression and only 1% as in severe Depression. Likewise, 29% as moderate anxiety, 11% of mothers as severe anxiety, 10% as extremely severe anxiety and only 3% as mild anxiety. Considering into the levels of stress, 11% as mild stress, 6% as moderate stress 4% as severe stress and about 2% as extremely stress. The mean percentage of anxiety and stress was higher than depression. The correlation between depression and anxiety showed highly signifi cant with “r”= 0.643 at p<0.01. Likewise the correlation between anxiety and stress showed a satisfactory signifi cant with “r”= 0.719 at p<0.01. Also the correlation between depression and stress was highly signifi cant with “r”= 0.824 at p<0.01. Conclusions: Recently delivered mothers are vulnerable to the whole spectrum of general psychiatric disorders, as well as those resulting from the physical and psychological changes of childbirth. Midwives, and public health nurses need to screen for depression, anxiety and stress at every opportunity early in the postpartum period.
Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism in human angiogenin using droplet-based microfluidics
Nirmala Bardiya,최재원,장수익 한국바이오칩학회 2014 BioChip Journal Vol.8 No.1
Human angiogenin through its ribonucleolytic activity and nuclear translocation promotes angiogenesis and protects motor neurons from damage under stress conditions. Several heterozygous missense and loss of function mutations in the coding region of angiogenin have been implicated in the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disease. Every year, thousands of new patients of ALS are diagnosed, making detection of angiogenin variants an urgent necessity. In this work, we report a method of SNP detection based on offline PCR amplification of the target samples followed by bulk and droplet-based microfluidic fluorescence measurements. Our assay relied on the 5′ nuclease- based reporter excision by Taq polymerase from two differently-labeled TaqMan minor groove binder (MGB) probes, one specific for the wild type and the other for K84E single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). The reporter-specific fluorescence signals after 30 cycles of PCR from 20 ng starting template were determined, and the wild type and the K84E SNP fluorescence intensities were approximately 3.5-times and 6-times higher compared to the no template control reaction, respectively. The results on both bulk and dropletbased microfluidic fluorescence measurements are consistent with each other, and suggest that fluorescencedetection using droplet-based microfluidics can be used for the detection of SNP in angiogenin.