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Meaning in Discourse; A Relevance – Theoretical Approach to EkeGusii Polysemes.
Opande Nilson Isaac 서울대학교 인지과학연구소 2018 Journal of Cognitive Science Vol.19 No.1
This study is motivated by assertions made by Bréal (1924 [1897]) claiming that deciphering of polysemes at a synchronic level should not posit a problem because meanings of such polysemes are mainly determined by the context of the discourse: It is the context that eliminates ambiguity and foregrounds the meaning of a particular polyseme. The study is based on the tenets of relevance theory, particularly the cognitive and communicative principles, (Sperber and Wilson, 1986/1995; and Carston, 2002) to render a pragmatic account of EkeGusii polysemes. It strives to investigate how polysemous senses of EkeGusii lexical items are established and meaning deciphered. This study deduces that the meaning of a polysemous word is inferred pragmatically as a result of the addressee endeavouring to deduce what a speaker intends by the particular lexical concepts they encode; hence it is a communicative phenomenon that is highly dependent on the addressee’s ability to employ pragmatic inference.
Meaning in Discourse; A Relevance - Theoretical Approach to EkeGusii Polysemes
( Opande Nilson Isaac ) 서울대학교 인지과학연구소 2018 Journal of Cognitive Science Vol.19 No.1
This study is motivated by assertions made by Breal (1924 [1897]) claiming that deciphering of polysemes at a synchronic level should not posit a problem because meanings of such polysemes are mainly determined by the context of the discourse: It is the context that eliminates ambiguity and foregrounds the meaning of a particular polyseme. The study is based on the tenets of relevance theory, particularly the cognitive and communicative principles, (Sperber and Wilson, 1986/1995; and Carston, 2002) to render a pragmatic account of EkeGusii polysemes. It strives to investigate how polysemous senses of EkeGusii lexical items are established and meaning deciphered. This study deduces that the meaning of a polysemous word is inferred pragmatically as a result of the addressee endeavouring to deduce what a speaker intends by the particular lexical concepts they encode; hence it is a communicative phenomenon that is highly dependent on the addressee’s ability to employ pragmatic inference.
I Mean What I Mean, Not What I Say: A Case of Double Entendres in EkeGusii
( Isaac Nilson Opande ),( Evans Gesura Mecha ) 서울대학교 인지과학연구소 2016 Journal of Cognitive Science Vol.17 No.4
Words or phrasal constructions are indicative of the way given communities experience and perceive their environment and exploit it to create meaning. Meanings arise from creative cognitive processing of which polysemisation, which involves in some way mapping of conceptual blends or integration, is one of the means employed. This study investigates cases of double entendre, a form of polysemisation, in EkeGusii with the aim of accounting for the cognitive processes entailed in the conceptualization of the natal process (or the maternity cycle) of human beings using conceptual integration theory. Corpora for this study were elicited from two EkeGusii FM stations and analysed based on the cognitive linguistic theory of Conceptual Blending. The information gathered in this study could enrich EkeGusii semantics and understanding of the conceptual component of the speakers of the language in order to make a contribution to the teaching of the language and its maintenance.
( Brandi Jamile ),( Eder C. Oliveira ),( Nilson K. Monteiro ),( Ana Flora D. Vasconcelos ),( Robert F. H. Dekker ),( Aneli M. Barbosa ),( Joana L. M. Silveira ),( Paulo A. S. Mourao ),( Maria De Lourd 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2011 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.21 No.10
The exopolysaccharide botryosphaeran (EPS(GLC); a (1→ 3)(1→6)-β-D-glucan from Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB- 05) was sulfonated to produce a water-soluble fraction (EPS(GLC)-S) using pyridine and chlorosulfonic acid in formamid. This procedure was then repeated twice to produce another fraction (EPS(GLC)-RS) with a higher degree of substitution (DS, 1.64). The purity of each botryosphaeran sample (unsulfonated and sulfonated) was assessed by gel filtration chromatography (Sepharose CL-4B), where each polysaccharide was eluted as a single symmetrical peak. The structures of the sulfonated and re-sulfonated botryosphaerans were investigated using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) spectroscopies. EPS(GLC) and EPS(GLC)-RS were also assayed for anticoagulation activity, and EPS(GLC)-RS was identified as an anticoagulant.
Murilo Henrique Souza Leal,André Ricardo Zeist,Nilson Rodrigues Júnior,André Dutra Silva Júnior,José Henrique Verhalem Arantes,Jair Garcia Neto,Julia Roberta Sanches de Pieri,Amanda Carvalho Perrud 한국작물학회 2021 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.24 No.3
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is a root that allows healthy eating and combats malnutrition. There is a need for more productive sweet potato genotypes displaying good resistance and a favorable appearance and shape. New genotypes that are more productive, resistant to the main soil pests and with good physical characteristics would contribute to meet the needs of producers and the demands of consumers. The aim of this study was to develop and select sweet potato genotypes regarding agronomic and physical root parameters. The new genotypes were obtained through the cross-linking of 22 parents with commercial characteristics. Subsequently, 386 experimental genotypes were conducted in the feld in an experimental design consisting of augmented blocks with intercalated controls. Aspects related to agronomic, physical root characteristics and resistance to Euscepes postfasciatus were explored. Genotypes with higher performance than the controls were identifed for all assessed parameters. The genotypes UZBD-K-09, UZBD-K-56 and UZBD-K-78, with purple fesh roots, UZBD-F-15 and UZBD-F-34, with orange fesh, and UZBD-K-70, with a white fesh were selected.
Supported carbon membranes using poly(ether sulfone) precursor
Ana Katiuce Fellenberg,Cláudia Leites Luchese,Nilson Romeu Marcilio,Isabel Cristina Tessaro 한국화학공학회 2021 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.38 No.3
This research focused on developing membranes using poly(ether sulfone) as polymeric precursor and DMSO as a solvent. The dip-coating technique was used to form a polymeric layer on the alumina ceramic tube, and the pyrolysis was conducted at 700 o C under N2 atmosphere. The structural analyses showed that the supported carbon membranes (SCM) are basically composed of amorphous and turbostratic carbon with graphitic domain, confirming the heterogeneity of the matrix. It was observed from the FTIR and XRD results that the precursor polymer was fully pyrolyzed. The carbon structure obtained presented a microporous character (pore radius equal to 6.2 Å) and a high BET surface area (approximately 400 m2 g1 ). The SCM presented a well-defined selective layer with little or no intrusion in the pores of the support. A higher polymeric concentration promoted an increase in the thickness of the carbon membranes (from 20 m to 36 m). The carbon membranes produced showed high thermal stability, allowing their application in gas separation processes at higher temperatures, up to approximately 400 o C.
Alexandre da Trindade Alfaro,Gustavo Graciano Fonseca,Evellin Balbinot,Nilson Evelazio de Souza,Carlos Prentice 한국식품과학회 2014 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.23 No.3
A factorial design and response surfacemethodology were used to optimize the extraction processof tilapia skin gelatin (Oreochromis urolepis hornorum). The concentrations of NaOH (0.15%-0.35%) and H2SO4(0.15%-0.35%), the extraction temperature (40°C-60°C),and the extraction time (3-15 h) were independent variables. Response variables were yield (%), viscosity (mPa·s), andgel strength (g). The NaOH (%) and H2SO4 (%) concentrationshad significant influences (p<0.05) on viscosity and gelstrength, while the extraction temperature (oC) and theextraction time (h) showed significant influences (p<0.05)on all dependent variables. Increasing the temperature andextraction time provided higher yields with a reduction inthe gelatin viscosity and gel strength. Tilapia fish skin canbe used as a source for production of gelatin.
Chemical and Fatty Acid Composition of Longissimus Muscle of Crossbred Bulls Finished in Feedlot
do Prado, Ivanor Nunes,de Oliveira, Adriana Nery,Pizzi Rotta, Polyana,Perotto, Daniel,do Prado, Rodolpho Martin,Silva, Roberio Rodrigues,de Souza, Nilson Evelazio,Moletta, Jose Luiz Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2009 Animal Bioscience Vol.22 No.7
This work was carried out to study the chemical and fatty acid composition of Longissimus muscle (LM) of crossbred young bulls finished in a feedlot. After weaning (at 8 months old), the bulls were kept in a feedlot for 180 days. The bulls were kept in individual pens and fed (twice daily) with corn silage, soybean hulls, cracked corn, limestone, urea and mineral salt. The bulls were slaughtered with a final weight of 464 kg. Forty bulls were used: 10 Caracu (CAR), 10 Canchim (CAN), 10 Caracu vs. Charolais (CCH) and 10 Canchim vs. Aberdeen Angus (CAA). The percentages of moisture, ash, crude protein, total lipids, as well as the fatty acid composition, were measured in the LM. The moisture percentage was lower (p<0.05) for bulls from CAA genetic group (71.2%) in comparison to bulls from CAR (74.2%), CAN (74.9%) and CCH (74.7%) genetic groups. On the other hand, there was no difference (p>0.05) among bulls from CAR, CAN and CCH genetic groups. Ash percentage was lower (p<0.05) for CAR bulls (0.96%) in comparison with the other genetic groups. There was no difference (p>0.05) among CAN, CCH and CAA genetic groups. Similarly, there was no difference (p>0.05) in crude protein among the different genetic groups. Total lipids percentage was higher (p<0.05) for CAA bulls (5.35%) and lower (p<0.05) for CAN (1.85%) and CCH (1.41%) genetic groups. Genetic group has little effect on the fatty acid composition of Longissimus muscle of bulls. However, CLA (C 18:2 c-9 t-11) percentage was higher (p<0.05) for CAR (0.33%) and CCH (0.37%) in comparison to CAN (0.27%) and CAA (0.29%) genetic groups. Saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, n-6 and n-3 percentages did not differ (p>0.05) among genetic groups. PUFA/SFA ratio ranged from 0.10 to 0.15, with no difference (p>0.05) among genetic groups. Similarly, n-6/n-3 ratio ranged from 12.6 to 16.3, without difference (p>0.05) among genetic groups.