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Of Grasshoppers, Caterpillars, and Beans: A Historical Perspective on Hmong Messianism
Nicholas Tapp 서강대학교 동아연구소 2015 TRaNS(Trans –Regional and –National Studies of Sou Vol.3 No.2
This paper considers Hmong messianism in Asia and beyond from a historical perspective, arguing that its thematic repetition of themes and ideas requires a new understanding of subjectivity at the intersections of the psychological with the social and political. Hmong messianic movements have adopted a variety offorms ranging from the more indigenous to the more explicitly Christian. While the attempt is not to seek a particularist ‘ethnographic-historical’ understanding of these recurrent movements, nevertheless the contexts of colonialisation, mass migration and marginal social status are suggested as providing the essential background for such an understanding. Several different theoretical approaches to understanding such movements are considered, with some attention to major theorists ofstructure and agency. It is argued that ultimately messianic movements can be appreciated in terms ofa kind of‘anticipatory consciousness’, and are enabled to challenge current social orders because they are motivated by a particular notion of time, which combines a medieval and revolutionary notion of simultaneity with one of historical progression which is, however, not gradualist. A ‘central irreducible core’ of ritual beliefs and actions among the Hmong emerges from this consideration of historical movements, which may demand a reconsideration of older and largely abandoned notions of cultural structure.
Next-generation approaches to the microbial ecology of food fermentations
( Nicholas A. Bokulich ),( David A. Mills ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2012 BMB Reports Vol.45 No.7
Food fermentations have enhanced human health since the dawn of time and remain a prevalent means of food processing and preservation. Due to their cultural and nutritional importance, many of these foods have been studied in detail using molecular tools, leading to enhancements in quality and safety. Furthermore, recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technology are revolutionizing the study of food microbial ecology, deepening insight into complex fermentation systems. This review provides insight into novel applications of select molecular techniques, particularly next-generation sequencing technology, for analysis of microbial communities in fermented foods. We present a guideline for integrated molecular analysis of food microbial ecology and a starting point for implementing next-generation analysis of food systems. [BMB Reports 2012;45(7): 377-389]
Folk Functionalism in Artificial Languages : The Long Distance Reflexive vo'a in Lojban
Nicholas, Nick Institute for University Language Sejong Instituti 2002 Journal of Universal Language Vol.3 No.1
A notion which underlies much functionalist thinking on language is that language is a system whose structure is engineered to solve problems in communication. Artificial languages are of particular interest in this regard, because such problem solving can be undertaken consciously on the part of both language planners and (to the extent that the language community allows it) language users, enabling the linguistic structure to adapt to their communicative needs. Such language users are applying lay intuitions about what linguistic features will be more effective in communication what might be characterised as 'folk functionalism'. An instance of such adaptation is considered here: the Lojban pronoun vo'a, intended as a generic reflexive, has become a long distance reflexive in order to align with Lojban's idiosyncratic pronominal system. In fact, this seems to have been done independently by the language planner and the language community. That the solution yielded is typologically unusual demonstrates that communicative and paradigmatic pressures can trump natural language habit, and even typological ujiversals in a 'perturbed' grammatical system.
Using GST To Analyze the Collapse of AOL
Nicholas John Robak KINFORMS 2008 Management Review Vol.3 No.1
In 1972 Fremont E. Kast and James E. Rosenzweig published “General Systems Theory: Applications for Organization and Management “ in the Academy of Management Journal. Over the more than thirty years since publication this article has become a classic. The writing is quite theoretical and abstract. This paper will take the highly conceptual, often abstruse, terminology used in the article and take the current status of AOL (America Online) to illustrate the mechanics articulated and thereby illustrate the applicability and relevance of the article today.