FIXED OR MALLEABLE: THE ROLE OF IMPLICIT THEORIES IN THE DOMAIN OF BEAUTY

Natalie T. Faust,Lewis Lim,Neil Gains 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2018 No.07

While previous research has demonstrated the effect of implicit theories (i.e. the belief whether human attributes are fixed or malleable) on attitudes and behaviors in many domains, such a relationship has not been investigated in the domain of beauty. In this research, we examine the effect of implicit theories of beauty on how consumers access their actual versus ideal self, and how they experiment the self, in turn influencing brand variety seeking. We theorize that believing beauty is fixed (versus malleable) would make the ideal, desired self more accessible, as entity theorists tend to orient more towards performance goals, ones that ensure the desired judgments (Dweck, Hong, & Chiu, 1993) while incremental theorists strive to enhance their ability (i.e. learning goals) (Dweck & Leggett, 1988). In an experiment using a reaction time task, we found that participants who were primed with an incremental theory of beauty (i.e. beauty is malleable) took longer to react to words that describe their ideal self compared to words that describe their actual self. On the contrary, participants who were primed with the entity theory of beauty (i.e. beauty is fixed) reacted towards ideal self related words as quick as the actual self related words. Results from this experiment shows that when people believe is fixed, their ideal self is as accessible as their actual self. Believing beauty is fixed activates the yearn to possess characteristics that one desires, making the ideal, desired self more accessible. We further examined the effect of implicit theories of beauty on experimenting tendency and brand variety seeking, as experimenting different looks by using cosmetic products might be a way to experience multiple ideal selves. With a sample of over 1200 female consumers in four countries, including two Asian countries (Indonesia and Thailand) and two Western countries (the UK and Australia), we found a consistent pattern that the beauty is fixed (vs. malleable) belief is associated with greater tendency to experiment with beauty looks, which in turn leads to higher variety seeking of beauty brands. This result demonstrated that beauty essentialism can be a universal mechanism that drive behaviour in a beauty domain. Our finding provides insights for the marketing of beauty products. We show that beauty essentialism is a factor that drives consumer’s desire for their ideal self, similarly drives the tendency to experiment with new makeup looks as a way to express the multiple ideal selves. The belief whether beauty is fixed or malleable is thus a factor that customer segmentation can be based on. Further, communicating the message that beauty is fixed might motivate the consumers to try out new makeup products. Our findings further shed lights on some of the strategies that are currently implemented by companies. For instance, does Dove’s Real Beauty campaign really encourage consumers to embrace their actual beauty, or does it in fact make them desire for the ideal beauty even more?

Unintended Consequences of Leverage Regulation: Evidence from Korea

Natalie Kyung Won Kim,Taejin Jung,이우종,Daniel Yang 한국증권학회 2023 Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies Vol.52 No.4

During the 1997 Asian financial crisis, Korean regulators imposed a 200% leverage cap to curb excessive debt and restore economic stability. We examine the real effects and externalities of mandated capital structure changes resulting from this leverage ratio regulation. Our findings indicate that firms that met the leverage requirement experienced a significant decrease in firm risk. However, the effect varied depending on how firms adjusted their capital structure. Firms that chose to issue equity to lower their leverage ratio, as opposed to firms repaying debt, exhibited higher firm risk, lower investment-q sensitivity, and lower profitability in the post-regulation period.

Comparison of Left Ventricular Volumes Measured by 3DE, SPECT and CMR

Natalie Beitner,Jonas Jenner,Peder Sörensson 한국심초음파학회 2019 Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging (J Cardiovasc Im Vol.27 No.3

BACKGROUND: Information regarding left ventricular (LV) volume and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) has major diagnostic and prognostic value when assessing patients after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We aimed to investigate the agreement between measurement of LV volumes and LVEF by three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in patients in a stable phase after STEMI. METHODS: Fifteen patients underwent examinations by 3DE, SPECT and CMR three months after STEMI. RESULTS: There was a significant bias in end-diastolic volume (EDV) measured by 3DE (–64 mL, p < 0.001) and SPECT (–55 mL, p < 0.001) compared with that measured by CMR. This was also the case for end-systolic volume (ESV) measured by 3DE (–36 mL, p < 0.001) and SPECT (–28 mL, p < 0.001). No significant differences were found between 3DE and SPECT for EDV or ESV. However, LVEF did not differ between the three methods. The agreement between all three methods was moderate (intra-class correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.44) for LV volume and good for LVEF (ICC = 0.72). CONCLUSIONS: LV volumes assessed by 3DE did not differ from SPECT, and despite larger LV volumes by CMR, measurements of LVEF showed good agreement between all three methods.

Effects of Employees’ Extra-Role Behaviors on Organizational Performance: An Assessment of Minor League Baseball Team Front Offices

Natalie L. Smith,Christopher Barnhill,성호준 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2020 Journal of Global Sport Management Vol.5 No.4

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of employees’ extra-role behaviors on desired organizational outcomes in sport. An assessment of innovative work behaviors and organizational citizenship behaviors of Minor League Baseball team front office employees was conducted as organizations planned for an upcoming season. An empirical model controlling for extraneous factors was developed and tested. Results revealed organizational citizenship behaviors of front office employees positively affected attendance during the season for Triple-A and Double-A level franchises. No significant effects between employees’ organizational citizenship and team attendance was seen in lower level teams. Employees’ innovative work behaviors were not significantly related to team attendance. The current study indicates that these sport organizations may not be benefitting from the behaviors it celebrates in its employees, namely the extra role behaviors. This study has demonstrated that context specific factors can substantially alter expected employee and organizational behaviors.

Three Rare Concurrent Complications of Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism: Maxillary Brown Tumor, Uremic Leontiasis Ossea, and Hungry Bone Syndrome

Natalie Bransky,Neena Ramesh Iyer,Sophie Mestman Cannon,Alexander Hanlin Tyan,Praneet Mylavarapu,Ryan Orosco,David Brain Hom,Alan Ali Moazzam 대한골대사학회 2020 대한골대사학회지 Vol.27 No.3

A 48-year-old woman in her 40’s with end-stage renal disease and tertiary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) presented for a rapidly progressive maxillary tumor. Initial workup was notable for elevated intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) and diffuse thickening of skull and facial bones on computed tomography, and maxillary tumor biopsy with multinucleated giant cells. She underwent subtotal parathyroidectomy (with removal of a parathyroid adenoma and 2 hyperplastic glands) and partial resection of maxillary brown tumor. The patient’s post-operative course was complicated by hungry bone syndrome, with hypocalcemia refractory to aggressive calcium repletion. Teriparatide (recombinant PTH) was utilized with rapid resolution of hypocalcemia. To our knowledge, this is the first case of maxillary brown tumor in tertiary HPT to be reported in the USA. This case also supports teriparatide as a novel therapeutic for hungry bone syndrome refractory to aggressive calcium repletion.

To Use Facebook for Good: Usage, Cyberbullying Involvement, and Perceived Social Support

Natalie Wong,Catherine Mcbride 한국아동학회 2016 Child studies in Asia-Pacific context Vol.6 No.2

We examined the relationship between the extent of Facebook usage and social wellbeing with consideration of cyberbullying involvement using a person-oriented approach. Survey data were collected from a sample of 312 secondary students from Grades 7 and 8 in Hong Kong. Levels of cyberbullying involvement, Facebook usage and perceived social support were investigated. Participants were classified into three clusters based on the different levels of Facebook usage and cyberbullying victimization through cluster analyses (i.e., frequent Facebook user/noncyberbullied victim, frequent Facebook user/cyberbullied victim, and uninvolved). Our results showed that frequent Facebook users who are cyberbullied tend to engage in cyberbullying perpetration significantly more than the frequent Facebook users who are not cyberbullied, even when the latter reported higher Facebook usage. This result provides some support for the idea that cyberbullying victimization has additional value on top of the level of usage in explaining one’s participation in cyberbullying perpetration. As expected, frequent Facebook users who were not cyberbullied reported the highest perceived social support among the three groups. What is even more interesting is the equal level of perceived social support found between the cyberbullied victims and the uninvolved. Our results suggest that, although limiting adolescents’ Internet use might reduce their risks of being involved in cyberbullying, it might also take away the potential benefits they could get from interacting with the online community. Benefits of using the person-oriented approach in the study of cyberbullying are discussed.

Cellular Basis for Sequencing of Antiresorptive and Anabolic Therapies for Bone: Commentary on “Bone Remodeling and Modeling: Cellular Targets for Antiresorptive and Anabolic Treatments, Including Approaches Through the Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)/

Natalie A. Sims 대한척추신경외과학회 2023 Neurospine Vol.20 No.4

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Preparation and Characterization of Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF) and Lignocellulose Nanofiber (LCNF) from Acacia Crassicarpa and Its Use as Strengthening Agent in Paper Production

Natalie Arazella,Jin Hyuk Choi,Heenae Shin,Surya Darma Pandita,Berliana Samosir,Jaroslav Stavik,Hye Jung Youn 한국펄프·종이공학회 2022 한국펄프·종이공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2022 No.10

Excisional lipectomy versus liposuction in HIV-associated lipodystrophy

Natalie Barton,Ryan Moore,Karthik Prasad,Gregory Evans 대한성형외과학회 2021 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.48 No.6

Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated lipodystrophy is a known consequence of long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). However, a significant number of patients on HAART therapy were left with the stigmata of complications, including fat redistribution. Few studies have described the successful removal of focal areas of lipohypertrophy with successful outcomes. This manuscript reviews the outcomes of excisional lipectomy versus liposuction for HIV-associated cervicodorsal lipodystrophy. Methods We performed a 15-year retrospective review of HIV-positive patients with lipodystrophy. Patients were identified by query of secure operative logs. Data collected included demographics, medications, comorbidities, duration of HIV, surgical intervention type, pertinent laboratory values, and the amount of tissue removed. Results Nine male patients with HIV-associated lipodystrophy underwent a total of 17 procedures. Of the patients who underwent liposuction initially (n=5), 60% (n=3) experienced a recurrence. There were a total of three cases of primary liposuction followed by excisional lipectomy. One hundred percent of these cases were noted to have a recurrence postoperatively, and there was one case of seroma formation. Of the subjects who underwent excisional lipectomy (n=4), there were no documented recurrences; however, one patient’s postoperative course was complicated by seroma formation. Conclusions HIV-associated lipodystrophy is a disfiguring complication of HAART therapy with significant morbidity. Given the limitations of liposuction alone as the primary intervention, excisional lipectomy is recommended as the primary treatment. Liposuction may be used for better contouring and for subsequent procedures. While there is a slightly higher risk for complications, adjunctive techniques such as quilting sutures and placement of drains may be used in conjunction with excisional lipectomy.

Women Coaches’ Experiences of Stress and Self-Regulation

Natalie Durand-Bush,Jamie Collins,Kylie McNeill 한국코칭능력개발원 2012 International Journal of Coaching Science Vol.6 No.2

Research exploring stress among sport coaches is scarce and although coaches experience a broad array of stressors, little is known about how they effectively cope with them (Levy, Nicholls, Marchant, & Polman, 2009). The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore eight women coaches’ experiences of stress and self-regulation and examine if self-regulation strategies helped them to manage daily demands and cope with stress. A secondary aim was to explore the coaches’ perceptions of the impact of stress and self-regulation on their well-being, burnout, and coaching effectiveness. The eight women coaches working within competitive development or high performance coaching contexts participated in an open-ended, semi-structured 90 minute interview guided by Smith’s (1986) model of stress and burnout and Zimmerman’s (2000) model of self-regulation. Results of the structured content analysis indicated that the coaches faced various internal and external demands in their coaching and personal life that led them to experience stress when these demands outweighed their internal and external resources. The coaches also reported using several types of self-regulation strategies not only to prepare to meet and manage their daily demands and expectations but also to cope with stressful situations. Six coaches discussed experiencing burnout at least once in their career and each coach reported that they could benefit from developing their self-regulation capacity to enhance their well-being and coaching effectiveness, particularly during times of stress. Implications for future research and the development of self-regulation interventions for women in coaching are discussed.