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Na, S.H.,Shon, H.K.,Kim, J.B.,Park, H.J.,Kim, J.H. Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2011 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.17 No.2
Sludge disposal after flocculation with paper mill wastewater is one of the most costly and environmentally problematic challenges. In this study, an effective sludge recycling process was proposed using Ti-salt coagulant instead of the currently used Fe-salt. Paper mill wastewater flocculation using TiCl<SUB>4</SUB> and FeCl<SUB>3</SUB> coagulants was investigated for organic removal and precipitation efficiency. A large amount of titania nanoparticle was produced after incineration of sludge of Ti-salt flocculation in paper mill wastewater. The titania nanoparticle was characterized in terms of physical and chemical properties. Results showed that the removal efficiency of organic matter at the optimum concentrations of Ti- and Fe-salt was 69% and 65%, respectively. The removal of turbidity was 99%. Titania recovered from 600<SUP>o</SUP>C incineration of the settled sludge consisted of the anatase titania structure. The titania from printing paper mill wastewater showed irregularly aggregated structures with round shape of dimension of 10-15nm as a primary crystal growth. Various dopant materials were found to be carbon (4.3%), magnesium (0.9%), aluminium (1.9%), silicon (1.7%), sulphur (0.7%) and calcium (3.8%). 60% of acetaldehyde concentration under UV irradiation was removed with the titania nanoparticles produced from the printing paper mill wastewater.
Na, S.H.,Shon, H.K.,Kim, J.B.,Park, H.J.,Cho, D.L.,Saliby, I.E.,Kim, J.H. Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2010 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.16 No.1
The highly strengthened treatment and disposal of excess sludge based on economic and environmental regulation factors is one of the important issues to be dealt with in the activated sludge process. In this study, the reduction and recycling technology of excess sludge were investigated for the aim of achieving a zero emission of excess sludge produced from the activated sludge process using titanium tetrachloride (TiCl<SUB>4</SUB>) as a flocculant aid with alkaline-thermal hydrolysis. Alkaline-thermal hydrolysis of excess sludge was obtained 73% and 40% reduction rate at pH 13 (60 8<SUP>o</SUP>C) and pH 11 (60 8<SUP>o</SUP>C), respectively. Flocculation was carried out using a Ti-salt flocculant and the collected sludge was dewatered and incinerated at 600<SUP>o</SUP>C to produce TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles. The amount of total suspended solids and volatile suspended solids was significantly decreased with pH increase. The optimal dose of Ti-salt flocculation aid to improve dewatering ability of sludge breakage was 23.95Ti-mgl<SUP>-1</SUP>. Also, in the batch culture, the supernatant after flocculation and the organic matter released from the lysed sludge were found to be useful as a source of energy for the growth of microorganisms during the aerobic operations period. TiO<SUB>2</SUB> produced from Ti-salt flocculation of excess sludge (TES) was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray and photocatalytic activity.
Transient Performance of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle with Multiple Input DC-DC Converter
Nashed, Maged N.F. The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2003 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.3 No.4
Electric vehicles (EV) demands for greater acceleration, performance and vehicle range in pure electric vehicles plus mandated requirements to further reduce emissions in hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) increase the appeal for combined on-board energy storage systems and generators. And the power electronics plays an important role in providing an interface between fuel cells (FC) and loads. This paper deals with a multiple input DC-DC power converter devoted to combine the power flowing of multi-source on energy systems. The multi-source is composed of (i) FC system as a prime power demands, (ii) super capacitor banks as energy storage devices for high and intense power demands, (iii) superconducting magnetic energy storage system (SMES), (iv) multiple input DC-DC power converter and (v) a three phase inverter-fed permanent magnet synchronous motor as a drive. In this system, It is used super capacitor banks and superconducting magnetic energy replaces from the battery system. The modeling and transient performance simulation is effective for reducing transient influence caused by sudden charge of effective load. The main purpose of power electronic converters is to convert the DC power output from the fuel cell and other to a suitable AC voltage, which can be connected to electric loads directly (PMSM). The fuel cell and other output is connected to the DC-DC converter, which regulates the DC link voltage.
Nash Jett D.G. Reyes,Franz Kevin F. Geronimo,Marla Maniquiz-Redillas,홍정선,김이형 한국습지학회 2018 한국습지학회지 Vol.20 No.1
Laguna Lake is the largest inland fresh water body in the Philippines. It primarily serves as a site for aquaculture, hydropower, transportation, and water supply industries. Due to Laguna Lake’s diverse functionalities, competition among water users became prominent. Water quality began to deteriorate due to various pollutant contributions in this process, thereby affecting the soundness of the aquatic ecosystem. This study was conducted to evaluate the current water quality management policy from the viewpoint of ecological environment through the evaluation of the water quality of Laguna Lake. Concentrations of water pollutants such as ammonia (NH3), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chloride (Cl-), pH, and total suspended solids (TSS) exceeded the water quality standards of the Philippines’ Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). The water quality of the lake was also affected by the pollutant load due to agriculture and urban stormwater runoff in the watershed. The salinity and contaminated water from Pasig River also affected the water quality of Laguna Lake. Long-term water quality analysis showed that the water quality of Laguna Lake is also influenced by rainfall-related seasonal variations. The results of the water quality analysis of Laguna Lake indicated that the environmental management techniques of the Philippines should be changed from the conventional water management into an integrated watershed management scheme in the future. It is therefore necessary to study and introduce advanced watershed management measures in the Philippines based from the policies of other developed countries.
( Nash Jett Reyes ),( Franz Kevin Geronimo ),전민수 ( Minsu Jeon ),이유경 ( Yookyung Lee ),김이형 ( Lee-hyung Kim ) 한국물환경학회 2020 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2020 No.-
Infiltration trenches (ITs) are LID facilities that utilize filtration and water retention capabilities to improve water quality and attenuate flooding conditions; however, clogging may reduce the efficiency of ITs over time. This study evaluated the pollutant removal efficiency and patterns of clogging in an urban stormwater IT. A total of 46 rainfall events from 2009 to 2019 were monitored to evaluate the physico-chemical properties of stormwater, including total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) were analyzed based on the standard methods for the examination of water and waste water. Other toxic heavy metals commonly found in urban areas, such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd), were also investigated using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy. Annual facility maintenance conducted to remove the accumulated sediments and determine the extent of clogging among the filter media layers. The IT successfully reduced the pollutant concentrations in stormwater runoff by 25% to 76%. The IT is equipped with sedimentation tank, allowing proper settlement of suspended particles in stormwater. Reduction in mean TN (47%) and TP (51%) concentrations can also be attributed to the effective removal of TSS, since nutrient compounds are bound on sediments. Despite the decreased concentrations, the removal efficiency of the system for Fe (66%), Zn (64%), and Cd (25%) was not significant (p>0.05). Whereas sedimentation or particle settling was not effective in removing heavy metals in stormwater, the filter media in the IT provided filtration and adsorption mechanisms to reduce heavy metal concentrations. The IT exhibited a 13% to 37% decline in pollutant removal performance for the first two years of operation without maintenance. After maintenance, the pollutant removal efficiency of IT increased by 1% to 22% due to the removal of particles clogging the media. This study presented the potential factors affecting the effectiveness of an IT filtration and infiltration device for managing stormwater runoff. Furthermore, the effects of maintenance activities were highlighted to devise an optimum maintenance scheme that can improve and optimize facility performance.