Evaluation of Ascorbic Acid Treatment in Clinical and Subclinical Mastitis of Indian Dairy Cows

Naresh, Ram,Dwivedi, S.K.,Swarup, D.,Patra, R.C. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.6

A study was carried out to assess the therapeutic effect of ascorbic acid in mastitis of dairy cows. The herd with a population of 250-275 lactating cows was screened for clinical and subclinical mastitis for a period of 5 months. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, eighteen animals each with clinical and subclinical mastitis in one quarter only were selected as study population. Twelve cows (group A) with normal udder and health were also selected as a healthy control. Clinical mastitis cows were grouped as B (n=12) and C (n=6). Cows of group B were treated with ascorbic acid at 25 mg/kg, subcutaneously for 5 consecutive days and intramammary infusion (Ampicillin sodium 75 mg and Cloxacillin sodium 200 mg/infusion) based on antibiotic sensitivity test, till complete recovery. Group C cows received only intramammary infusion till the complete recovery. Eighteen subclinical mastitis cows were divided in group D (n=12) and E (n=6). Cows of group D were treated with ascorbic acid at 25 mg/kg subcutaneously for 5 consecutive days while group E did not receive any treatment. California mastitis test (CMT), somatic cell count (SCC), physical changes of udder and milk were used to diagnose and classify the mastitis. Evaluation of the therapy was based on CMT score and physical changes of udder and milk. Sample size calculation was also performed but was not followed for control groups due to scarcity of cases. Adequate blinding was done when and where required to avoid the biases. Confounding variables like herd, age of the cow, stage of the lactation, season and geographical region were duly considered and adequate blocking was followed. Ascorbic acid was administered in clinical and subclinical cases even after cure considering its immunostimulatory and healing inducing effects. The recovery rate was faster in cases of clinical mastitis treated with ascorbic acid along with an intramammary infusion (group B) than the quarters of group C cows. Quarter wise the average duration/number (3.16${\pm}$0.11 days) of antimicrobial intramammary infusion was significantly (p<0.01) less in group B than that of average duration/number (5.33${\pm}$0.20 days) of group C. Subclinical mastitis cows treated with ascorbic acid showed 83.33% recovery while 16.77% did not respond to treatment till last day of study. Cows of group E (untreated) did not recovered from the mastitis. Subjective parameters viz. swelling, pain reflex of udder and physical changes in milk from quarter of ascorbic acid treated cows (group B) disappeared earlier than that of group C cows. It is concluded from this study that the ascorbic acid might be useful as an adjunct in case of clinical mastitis to get quick recovery with less number of intramammary infusions. High recovery rate in subclinical mastitis quarters of group D cows is appreciable and opens a new avenue to conduct further trials in a larger population in various field conditions. However, the pharmacology of ascorbic acid with particular reference to health of mammary gland needs to be investigated.

네와르 불교(네팔 불교)를 재활성화시키는 나마상기띠(Namasamgiti) 축제 그 전통에 관한 연구

( Naresh Man Bajracarya ) 위덕대학교 밀교문화연구원 2013 密敎學報 Vol.14 No.-

나마상기띠(Namasamgiti)는 밀교경전이다. 사실 이 경전은 Mayajala―tantra의 samadhijala-patala의 일부분이다. 불행하게도 Mayajantra의 범어 완성본은 없어졌다. 그러나 다행히 Namasamgiti의 범어본 경전들이 네팔에 존재한다. 나마상기띠(Namasamgiti) 경전은 카트만두의 네와르 민족 불자들 가운데 유명한 경전이었으며 전통이었다. 이 경전은 네와르 불교 승려들과 신도들이 모두에게 불교 수행의 일부였다. 대략 6th 세기쯤에 쓰여진 이 경전은 이후에 중국어, 몽골어 그리고 티베트어로 초기에 번역되었으며, 근대에는 영어로도 번역되었다. 이 경전에 대한 주석서들은 초본이 많다. 나마상기띠(Namasamgiti)의 내용은 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 대중 중에 주연사인 약샤(yaksha)의 대표인 Vajrapani(執金剛神)보살이 부처님께 나마상기띠(Namasamgiti)경전을 설해주길 청한다. 부처님이 Vajrapani(執金剛神)에게 감사하면서 지금부터 설할 것을 선언한다. 먼저 석가모니불은 바깔에 일체중생을 보시고 mayajalabhisambodhi(摩耶阇藍正覺)란 文殊 智身生(Manjusri-jynakayasattva)의 anutpada dharmini(無生)에 대한 설법을 한다. 이 뒤에 부처님은 智의 종류 즉 금강계만다라(vajradhatumandala)와 法界體性智(suvisuddhadharmadhatu), 大圓鏡智(pratyaveksana), 平等性智(samata), 妙觀察智(krtyanusthana), 成所作智(adarsa)에 대한 설법을 한다. 이 경전의 마지막에 대중을 대신해서 執金剛神이 부처님께 감사한다 여기에서 네와르불교를 간결하게 소개하면서 네와르 불교의 나마상기띠(Namasamgiti) 전통, 나마상기띠(Namasamgiti) 날, 네팔의 나마상기띠(Namasamgiti) 관정, 현재 네팔의 관정 행사 그리고 그의 영향을 강조하여 연구하였다. 새롭게 시작 된 나마상기띠(Namasamgiti) 축제와 행사의 성공적인 개최가 네와르 불교를 활성화 하는데 중요한 역할하고 있다. 이 두가지 행사가 네와르 불교의 새로운 지평을 열어가고 있다. The Namasamgiti is a text of Vajrayana. It is in fact, a part of samadhijala-pafala, a chapter of Mayajala-tantra. Unfortunately the complete original text (Sanskrit text) of Mayajala-tantra is not survived. Fortunately a bunch manuscript of the Namasamgiti in Sanskrit language is available in Nepal. The Ndmasamglti has been a popular text and tradition of the Newar Buddhists of the Kathmandu Valley. Both members of the Newar sangha and other householders have chanted this Sanskrit text as part of Buddhist practice. Probably written in the 6^th Century CE, the Namasamgiti was in subsequent centuries translated into Chinese, Mongol, and Tibetan language in early days. In modern era it has been translated in English language too. Commentaries on this important text were early and have been numerous. The contents of the Namasamgiti can be summarized here: the Bodhsattva Vajrapani, the lord of guhyaka (a class of god) was recognized as chief speaker in the audience and so he requested the Buddha to deliver a discourse on the Namasamgiti. Buddha thanked Vajrapani and assured him that he would now do so. First, Shakyamuni looked out to observe all living beings and then spoke about anutpada dharmini (law of no-origination) of Manjusri-jynakayasattva that is called mayajalabhisambodhi (maya-net enlightenment). Thereafter Buddha discussed the different forms of knowledge, namely the knowledge of vajradhatumandala, suvisuddhadharmadhatu, pratyaveksana, adarsa, samata, krtyanusthana respectively. Alter he eulogized the Five-tathagatas, he pointed out the benefits of chanting the Naamsamgiti. Finally, Buddha uttered mantra-s of Namasamglti. On behalf of the audience, Vajrapani expressed his thanks to the Buddha, ending the Namasamgiti. An attempt has been made to introduce the Newar Buddhism in brief, highlight Namasamglti Traditions in Newar Buddhism, the New Namasamgiti Parva(Festival), Namasamgiti Initiation tradition in Nepal, the Initiation Events in contemporary Nepal and its impact. The new Namasamgiti Festival and the event of Namasamgiti Initiation are the successful activities in revitalizing Newar Buddhism. The both opened a new chapter in Newar Buddhism.

Current Status of the Use of Salvaged Blood in Metastatic Spine Tumour Surgery

Naresh Kumar,Nivetha Ravikumar,Joel Yong Hao Tan,Kutbuddin Akbary,Ravish Shammi Patel,Rajesh Kannan 대한척추신경외과학회 2018 Neurospine Vol.15 No.3

To review the current status of salvaged blood transfusion (SBT) in metastatic spine tumour surgery (MSTS), with regard to its safety and efficacy, contraindications, and adverse effects. We also aimed to establish that the safety and adverse event profile of SBT is comparable and at least equal to that of allogeneic blood transfusion. MEDLINE and Scopus were used to search for relevant articles, based on keywords such as “cancer surgery,” “salvaged blood,” and “circulating tumor cells.” We found 159 articles, of which 55 were relevant; 20 of those were excluded because they used other blood conservation techniques in addition to cell salvage. Five articles were manually selected from reference lists. In total, 40 articles were reviewed. There is sufficient evidence of the clinical safety of using salvaged blood in oncological surgery. SBT decreases the risk of postoperative infections and tumour recurrence. However, there are some limitations regarding its clinical applications, as it cannot be employed in cases of sepsis. In this review, we established that earlier studies supported the use of salvaged blood from a cell saver in conjunction with a leukocyte depletion filter (LDF). Furthermore, we highlight the recent emergence of sufficient evidence supporting the use of intraoperative cell salvage without an LDF in MSTS.

Effect of azadirachtin on parasitism rate of Gryon japonicum (Ashmead) and Ooencyrtus nezarae Ishii on pre-treated host eggs

Naresh Dangi,Young Ha Woo,Un Taek Lim 한국응용곤충학회 2017 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.10

As a broad-spectrum insecticide azadirachtin may cause acute toxicity and alter behavior of natural enemies. We evaluatedthe toxicity of azadirachtin on two egg parasitoids of Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Alydidae), Ooencyrtusnezarae Ishii (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and Gryon japonicum (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae), by pre-treatinghost eggs with five concentrations, i.e., 15, 10, 7.5, 5, and 2.5 mL/L. Azadirachtin significantly reduced parasitism byG. japonicum in 15 and 10 mL/L concentrations than other lower concentrations. Similar effect was also observed inO. nezarae. The parasitism reduction capacity (R) for G. japonicum was 40.8 and 33.1% in 15 and 10 mL/L concentrations,but it was 81.6 and 71.4% in O. nezarae, respectively. Based on the IOBC guideline, azadirachtin can be slightly ormoderately harmful to O. nezarae and slightly harmful or harmless to G. japonicum.

Comparison of predation by Orius minutus (L.) and Orius laevigatus (Fieber) on Tetranychus urticae Koch

Naresh Dangi,Laeun Jang,Young Ha Woo,Souvic Sarker,Bikash Bhusal,Byeong Chan Ko,Md. Arefur Rahman,Eunhye Ham,Jun-Seok Lee,Un Taek Lim 한국응용곤충학회 2017 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.10

Orius minutus (L.) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) is a native predators of soft body insects such as mites, thrips, and aphids.We compared 24 h consumption rate of O. minutus with that of a commercialized O. laevigatus (Fieber) on egg andadult stage of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Orius minutus predated 1.4 times more adult T. urticae(58 mites) in 24 h than O. laevigatus. Similarly, O. minutus consumed 128 eggs while O. laevigatus consumed 98 eggsin 24 h without statistical difference. These results suggest that native O. minutus can be applied for the augmentativebiological control after the development of mass-rearing method.

Role of Exogenous Nitric Oxide Generated through Microwave Plasma Activate the Oxidative Signaling Components in Differentiation of Myoblast cells into Myotube

Naresh Kumar,Priyanka Shaw,Pankaj Attri,Han Sup Uhm,Eun Ha Choi 한국진공학회 2015 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.2015 No.8

Defatted algal biomass as feedstock for short chain carboxylic acids and biohydrogen production in the biorefinery format

Naresh Kumar, A.,Min, Booki,Venkata Mohan, S. Elsevier 2018 Bioresource Technology Vol.269 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The objective of the study was to evaluate the potential application of defatted algal biomass (DAB) residue as a resource for biobased product synthesis in the biorefinery framework. Acid-catalyzed pretreatment of DAB residue resulted in higher reducing sugars (RS) solubilization (0.26 g RS/g DAB) than corresponding base method (0.19 g RS/g DAB). Subsequently, resulting RS were acidogenically fermented for the production of Bio-H<SUB>2</SUB> and short chain carboxylic acids (SCA)/volatile fatty acids (VFA) at varying redox conditions (pH: 6, 7 and 10). Biosystem with pH-6 resulted in higher SCA (0.54 g SCA/g RS) and Bio-H<SUB>2</SUB> production (0.83 l) followed by pH-10 (0.43 g SCA/g RS, 0.71 l) and pH-7 (0.27 g SCA/g RS, 0.48 l). Higher SCA production in pH-6 system resulted in maximum acidification (23%). Algal biomass majorly derived from CO<SUB>2</SUB> and its residues after lipids extraction accounted as major feedstock for acidogenic product synthesis. Evaluation of these studies using DAB residues offers sustainability to algal refineries on its entirety use.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Acid catalyzed pretreatment of DAB residues resulted in higher sugar solubilization. </LI> <LI> Higher biohydrogen production was resulted with pH-6 operation. </LI> <LI> Biosystem redox condition showed influence on SCA production and distribution. </LI> <LI> Use of DAB as a resource renders the sustainability to current algal biorefineries. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

FE Modeling and Experimental Analysis of Residual Stresses in Vibration Assisted Turning of Ti6Al4V

Naresh Kumar Maroju,Vamsi Krishna Pasam 한국정밀공학회 2019 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.20 No.3

Titanium alloys are widely employed in aerospace, marine and biomedical industries due to their durability and ability to sustain elevated operating temperature. Vibration assisted turning (VAT) is found to be an effective alternative to machine hard materials and promises significant process improvements compared to conventional turning (CT). This paper presents experimental studies and finite element simulations in turning of Ti6Al4V alloy with uncoated carbide tools. The influence of VAT on residual stress is evaluated in both experiment and simulation. The residual stresses are evaluated experimentally along the direction of cutting and perpendicular to the direction of cutting using X-ray diffraction analysis. 3-D finite element model is developed to predict cutting forces, temperature, and machining-induced stress field and the residual stresses. It is observed that the nature of residual stresses is predominantly compressive in VAT compared to CT, due to the reduced the cutting forces, effective stresses, and temperature.

Response of Upper Ocean and Impact of Barrier Layer on Sidr Cyclone Induced Sea Surface Cooling

Naresh Krishna Vissa,A.N.V. Satyanarayana,B. Prasad Kumar 한국해양과학기술원 2013 Ocean science journal Vol.48 No.3

In the present study an attempt has been made to investigate the impact of salinity stratification on the SST during the tropical cyclone (TC) passage. In this context, a severe post monsoon cyclone, Sidr, (Category 4) that developed over the south-eastern Bay of Bengal (BoB) during 11-16 November, 2007 was chosen as a case study. Pre-existence of a thick barrier layer (BL), temperature inversions and a higher effective oceanic layer for cyclogenesis (EOLC) were noticed along the path of the Sidr cyclone. The analysis of available Argo floats along the Sidr cyclone track also revealed less cooling during as well as after its passage as was reported from satellite derived SST. The role of BL on Sidr induced sea surface cooling was investigated using a diagnostic mixed layer model. Model results also depict the reduced sea surface cooling during the passage of Sidr. This is attributed to the presence of BL which results in the inhibition of the entrainment of cool thermocline water into the shallow mixed layer. Climatological as well as in situ observations of tropical cyclone heat potential (TCHP) and EOLC shows that the Sidr cyclone propagated towards the regions of higher EOLC.

NIR luminescence and energy transfer kinetics in Nd³⁺/Yb³⁺ co-doped sodium aluminium bismuth fluoro-borosilicate glasses

Naresh, V.,Lee, Nohyun Elsevier 2019 CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL Vol.45 No.17

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Here, we demonstrate the results pertaining to energy transfer kinetics in Nd<SUP>3+</SUP>/Yb<SUP>3+</SUP> ions combinedly doped in oxy-fluoride based sodium aluminum bismuth fluoro-borosilicate glasses. The thermal stability for the parent NABFBS glass is evaluated from TG-DTA measurement, and Raman & FT-IR spectral profiles were investigated to realize the influence of phonon energy of host NABFBS glass and OH<SUP>−</SUP> content on luminescence features of Nd<SUP>3+</SUP> and Yb<SUP>3+</SUP> ions. Upon pumping at 808 nm, Nd<SUP>3+</SUP> glasses displayed intense NIR emission for 1 mol% concentration at 903, 1068 and 1348 nm labeled to corresponding transitions <SUP>4</SUP>F<SUB>3/2</SUB>→<SUP>4</SUP>I<SUB>9/2</SUB>, <SUP>4</SUP>F<SUB>3/2</SUB>→<SUP>4</SUP>I<SUB>11/2</SUB> and <SUP>4</SUP>F<SUB>3/2</SUB>→<SUP>4</SUP>I<SUB>13/2</SUB>. Effect of multiphonon-, cross-relaxation and OH<SUP>−</SUP> group on Nd<SUP>3+</SUP> emission causing luminescence quenching above 1.0 mol % Nd<SUP>3+</SUP> is interpreted. The sensitizing effect of Nd<SUP>3+</SUP> emission on Yb<SUP>3+</SUP> luminescence is investigated by co-doping Nd<SUP>3+</SUP> ion (optimized to 1 mol%) with different Yb<SUP>3+</SUP> ion concentrations. The probability of energy-transfer (ET) between these ions has been substantiated by the considerable spectral overlap of Yb<SUP>3+</SUP> absorption and Nd<SUP>3+</SUP> emission, luminescence features, emission decay rates and energy level diagram. On co-doping Yb<SUP>3+</SUP> to Nd<SUP>3+</SUP>, the emission intensity of Yb<SUP>3+</SUP>is enhanced along with simultaneous decrement in Nd<SUP>3+</SUP> emission owing to transfer of Nd<SUP>3+</SUP> excitation energy. This process is further supported by the shortening of Nd<SUP>3+</SUP> life-times in co-doped glasses compared with individually Nd<SUP>3+</SUP> doped glasses. The probability of transfer of energy in Nd<SUP>3+</SUP> and Yb<SUP>3+</SUP> combinedly doped system is estimated along the same lines of Dexter's theory and Inokuti-Hirayama (I-H) fitting model for dipole-dipole coupling. The results reveal that, the energy-transfer mechanism from Nd<SUP>3+</SUP>(<SUP>4</SUP>F<SUB>3/2</SUB>)→Yb<SUP>3+</SUP>(<SUP>4</SUP>F<SUB>5/2</SUB>) is a non-radiative type governed by electric dipole-dipole interaction with phonon assistance. The energy transfer parameters, donor-acceptor coupling constant (<I>C</I> <SUB>DA</SUB>), energy-transfer efficiency (<I>η</I>) and probability of energy transfer (<I>P</I>) for co-doped glasses are computed from lifetime curves. In addition, back energy transfer Nd<SUP>3+</SUP>←Yb<SUP>3+</SUP> is also investigated.</P>