The Influence of Foreign Aid on Public Sector Efficiency: A Panel Data Analysis

Birendra Narayan SHAH(Birendra Narayan SHAH ) 국제융합경영학회 2023 융합경영연구 Vol.11 No.3

Purpose: This paper examines whether foreign aid influences public sector efficiency in policy areas of administration, education, and stability. Research design, data and methodology: The study uses panel data of 77 aid recipient developing countries over the period 2000-2020 and employs various panel data techniques to estimate. Results: We found that a percentage change in foreign aid increases administrative efficiency by 0.02 to 0.04 on average ceteris paribus in the short run. On the other hand, a percentage increase in foreign aid decreases education efficiency by 0.005 to 0.006 on average. While the impact of foreign aid on the policy area of stability is insignificant. Conclusions: The empirical results of this study have important implications for both donors and aid recipient countries. It suggests that to get positive influence from foreign aid, in the area of education and stability, the recipient countries need to increase accessibility of secondary schools with quality education especially; technical and vocational. Also, the donor should provide a minimum threshold amount of foreign aid to developing countries for reforming the institutions' capacity building.

Financial Intermediation and Economic Growth: Evidence from Nepal

Birendra Narayan Shah(Birendra Narayan Shah ),Md Iqbal Bhuyan(Md Iqbal Bhuyan ),Sung-Sik Kim(Sung-Sik Kim),Rukshana Salam(Rukshana Salam ) The International Academy of Global Business and T 2023 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.19 No.3

Purpose - This study aims to investigate the role of financial intermediation in Nepalese economic growth using time-series data over the period from 1974 to 2019. In order to establish the relationship, GDP per capita is used as a proxy for economic growth, while private sector credit, commercial bank assets, and the broad money supply serve as proxy measures of financial intermediation. Design/Methodology/Approach - To obtain empirical results, the Johansen test of co-integration, the vector error correction model, and the Granger causality test are applied. Findings - The results support finance-led growth in Nepal, implying that financial intermediation is positively associated with economic growth in the long run. A positive association with total trade was observed in the short run, but a negative effect was found in the long run. Granger causality tests indicate that the broad money supply and commercial bank assets are bidirectionally related to Nepal’s economic growth, while private sector credit is unidirectional. Research Implications - The findings suggest that if central bank authorities prioritized monetary policy tools, it may foster economic growth in Nepal in both the short- and long terms. In addition, for the persistent growth of the Nepalese economy, the banking sector should be reformed by employing more liberal policies. The study also suggests that policymakers should take immediate action to correct the direction of Nepalese foreign trade.

A Study on Laminar Lifted Jet Flames for Diluted Methane in Co-flow Air

Narayan P. Sapkal,이원준,박정,권오붕 한국연소학회 2015 한국연소학회지 Vol.20 No.3

The laminar lifted jet flames for methane diluted with helium and nitrogen in co-flow air have been investi-gated experimentally. Such jet flames could be lifted in both buoyancy-dominated and jet momentum dominated regimes (even at nozzle exit velocities much higher than stoichiometric laminar flame speed) despite the Schmidt number less than unity. Chemiluminescence intensities of OH* radical (good indicators of heat release rate) and the radius of curvature for tri-brachial flame were measured using an intensified charge coupled device (ICCD) camera and digital video camera at various conditions. It was shown that, an increase in OH* concentration causes increase of edge flame speed via enhanced chemical reaction in buoyancy dominated regime. In jet momentum dominated regime, an increase in radius of curvature in addition to the increased OH* concentration stabilizes such lifted flames. Stabilization of such lifted flames is discussed based on the stabilization mechanism.

Study on Laminar Lifted Jet Flames in Co-flow Air for Diluted Methane

Narayan P. Sapkal,Won June Lee,Jeong Park,Oh Boong Kwon 한국연소학회 2015 KOSCOSYMPOSIUM논문집 Vol.2015 No.5

The laminar lifted jet flames in co-flow air for methane diluted with helium and nitrogen have been investigated experimentally. Such jet flames could be lifted in both buoyancy-dominated and jet momentum dominated regimes (even at nozzle exit velocities much higher than stoichiometric laminar flame speed). Chemiluminescence intensities of OH* radical (good indicators of heat release rate) and the radius of curvature for tri-brachial flame were measured using an intensified charge coupled device (ICCD) camera and digital video camera at various conditions. It was shown that, an increase in OH concentration causes increase of edge flame speed via enhanced chemical reaction in buoyancy dominated regime. In jet momentum dominated regime, an increase in radius of curvature in addition to the increased OH* concentration stabilizes such lifted flames.

Five new species of the genus Sphaeromias Curtis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from India

Narayan Chandra Saha Abhijit Mazumdar,Prasanta Kumar Chaudhuri 한국응용곤충학회 2009 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.12 No.4

Five new Indian species, Sphaeromias lineus, S.ornatipes, S.prominens, S. similineus and S.verbosus are described. There are 7 recorded in India before this investigation. With these, the number of world species of the genus is raised from 27 to 32 including 12 from India. Five new Indian species, Sphaeromias lineus, S.ornatipes, S.prominens, S. similineus and S.verbosus are described. There are 7 recorded in India before this investigation. With these, the number of world species of the genus is raised from 27 to 32 including 12 from India.

Mechanisms of Cervical Spine Disc Injury under Cyclic Loading

Narayan Yoganandan,Sagar Umale 대한척추외과학회 2018 Asian Spine Journal Vol.12 No.5

Study Design: Determination of human cervical spine disc response under cyclic loading. Purpose: To explain the potential mechanisms of intervertebral disc injury caused by cyclic loading. Overview of Literature: Certain occupational environments in civilian and military populations may affect the cervical spine of individuals by cyclic loading. Research on this mechanism is scarce. Methods: Here, we developed a finite element model of the human C4–C5 disc. It comprised endplates, five layers of fibers, a nucleus, and an annulus ground substance. The endplates, ground substance, and annular fibers were modeled with elastic, hyperviscoelastic, and hyper-elastic materials, respectively. We subjected the disc to compressive loading (150 N) for 10,000 cycles at frequencies of 2 Hz (low) and 4 Hz (high). We measured disc displacements over the entire loading period. We obtained maximum and minimum principal stress and strain and von Mises stress distributions at both frequencies for all components. Further, we used contours to infer potential mechanisms of internal load transfer within the disc components. Results: The points of the model disc displacement versus the loading cycles were within the experimental corridors for both frequencies. The principal stresses were higher in the ground matrix, maximum stress was higher in the anterior and posterior annular regions, and minimum stress was higher along the superior and inferior peripheries. The maximum principal strains were radially directed, whereas the minimum principal strains were axially/obliquely directed. The stresses in the fibers were greater and concentrated in the posterolateral regions in the innermost layer. Conclusions: Disc displacement was lower at high frequency, thus exhibiting strain rate stiffening and explaining stress accumulation at superior and interior peripheries. Greater stresses and strains at the boundaries explain disc injuries, such as delamination. The greater development of stresses in the innermost annular fiber layer (migrating toward the posterolateral regions) explains disc prolapse.

Physiological and Anatomical Comparisons between Two Cultivars in Bi-leader Apple Trees (Malus domestica Borkh.)

Narayan Bhusal,Byeong Ho Choi,Woo Tae Jeong,Su Gon Han,Tae Myung Yoon 한국원예학회 2017 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2017 No.5

Improving the Safety of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Ex Vivo Therapy Using Herpes Simplex Virus Thymidine Kinase

Narayan Bashyal,이태영,장다영,정진화,김민경,Rakshya Acharya,김성수,Il-Hoan Oh,Haeyoung Suh-Kim 한국분자세포생물학회 2022 Molecules and cells Vol.45 No.7

Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that have been intensively studied as therapeutic tools for a variety of disorders. To enhance the efficacy of MSCs, therapeutic genes are introduced using retroviral and lentiviral vectors. However, serious adverse events (SAEs) such as tumorigenesis can be induced by insertional mutagenesis. We generated lentiviral vectors encoding the wild-type herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) gene and a gene containing a point mutation that results in an alanine to histidine substitution at residue 168 (TK(A168H)) and transduced expression in MSCs (MSC-TK and MSC-TK(A168H)). Transduction of lentiviral vectors encoding the TK(A168H) mutant did not alter the proliferation capacity, mesodermal differentiation potential, or surface antigenicity of MSCs. The MSC-TK(A168H) cells were genetically stable, as shown by karyotyping. MSC-TK(A168H) responded to ganciclovir (GCV) with an half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value 10-fold less than that of MSC-TK. Because MSC-TK(A168H) cells were found to be non-tumorigenic, a U87-TK(A168H) subcutaneous tumor was used as a SAE-like condition and we evaluated the effect of valganciclovir (vGCV), an oral prodrug for GCV. U87-TK(A168H) tumors were more efficiently ablated by 200 mg/kg vGCV than U87-TK tumors. These results indicate that MSC-TK(A168H) cells appear to be pre-clinically safe for therapeutic use. We propose that genetic modification with HSV-TK(A168H) makes allogeneic MSC-based ex vivo therapy safer by eliminating transplanted cells during SAEs such as uncontrolled cell proliferation.

Characterization of Ceratocystis fimbriata causes black rot disease of sweet potato and selection of resistant varieties

Narayan Chandra Paul,Won Park,Sang-Sik Nam,Seon Kyeong Han,Kyeong Dan Yu,Seung-yong Lee,Jung-Wook Yang 한국농약과학회 2018 한국농약과학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.10

An overview of recent development in bio-oil upgrading and separation techniques

Narayan Lal Panwar,Arjun Sanjay Paul 대한환경공학회 2021 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.26 No.5

Bio-oil produced from the fast pyrolysis/hydrothermal liquefaction is gaining popularity worldwide as the forerunner to replace fossil fuel. The bio-oil can be produced from agricultural waste, forest residue, and urban organic waste. It is also called pyrolysis oil, renewable fuel, and has the potential to be used as fuel in many applications. The application of bio-oil as transportation fuel helps to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and to keep up the ecological balance. The bio-oil has the heating value of nearly half of the diesel fuel i.e. 16-19 MJ/㎏; but, the inferior properties such as high water content, high viscosity, low pH, and poor stability hinder bio-oil application as a fuel. Thus, this paper provides a detailed review of bio-oil properties, its limitations and focuses on the recent development of different upgrading and separation techniques, used to date for the improvement of the bio-oil quality. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of each upgrading method along with the application and environmental impact of bio-oil are also discussed in this article.