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Exercise to Promote Healthy Mitochondria and Improve Lifestyle of Aging Society
Naomi X.Y. Ling(Naomi X.Y. Ling ) 대한운동학회 2023 아시아 운동학 학술지 Vol.25 No.2
Mitochondria produce ATP that provides readily releasable energy to cells [1]. In or- der to maintain proper function, the mitochondrial network undergoes fission to separate damaged mitochondrial fragments from the healthy, and fusion to reduce mitochondrial dysfunction [2,3]. Dynamin-related proteins that are known to regulate mitochondrial fusion include Mitofusin 1 (Mfn1), Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) and Optic atrophy gene 1 (Opa1), whereas the major effector of fission is Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) which has been most frequently associated with pathological conditions [4]. During aging, mitochondrial performance declines as the balance between fusion and fission is often compromised [5,6]. This imbalance has been implicated in neurode- generative diseases [6], sarcopenic muscles [2] and various other pathological conditions [2,4]. Exercise has been reported to increase mitochondrial biogenesis, remove damaged mitochondria, stimulate mitochondrial function [5,7] and delay aging associated decline in physical fitness [8-10] and cognitive function [11). Exercise in the elderly has also been reported to improve mitochondrial efficiency as observed with the increase in Ser637 phosphorylation in Drp1 [12]. Therefore, promoting exercise is a promising strategy to improve lifestyle of the cur- rent aging society, requiring further research to better understand the mechanisms of mi- tochondrial dynamics.
How Tatiana's voice rang across the steppe: Russian literature in the life and legend of Abai
Naomi Caffee 한양대학교 아태지역연구센터 2018 Journal of Eurasian Studies Vol.9 No.1
The Kazakh poet Abai Qunanbaiuly (1845–1904) today enjoys a dual legacy as the father of modern Kazakh literature (as distinct from its oral tradition) and also as an enlightener who translated the Russian classics into Kazakh and acted as a vital bridge between the two cultures. Much of Abai's reputation owes its existence to the twentieth-century author, critic, and scholar Mukhtar Auezov (1897–1961), whose biographical writings on the poet formed the standard narrative of his life and work. Initiated in 1937, the year of the Pushkin centennial celebrations in the Soviet Union, Auezov's literary canonization of Abai hinges on the poet's acquisition of the Russian language and his transformative encounters with Russian-language texts – most notably among them, Pushkin's Dubrovskii and Evgenii Onegin. In Auezov's account, Abai's efforts lead to the discovery of an authentically Kazakh literary voice, heralded by his successful adaptation of Pushkin's Evgenii Onegin into traditional Kazakh song form. In analyzing this prominent episode of the Abai legend, I argue that Russian literature's “conquest” in Central Asia was in fact a multifaceted dialogue in which writers laid the foundation for distinct national literary traditions by appropriating the literature of the colonizer – and in particular by reading, translating, displacing, domesticating, and “disorienting” the figure of Pushkin.
Present Status of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Non-Ampullary Duodenal Epithelial Tumors
Naomi Kakushima,Masao Yoshida,Yohei Yabuuchi,Noboru Kawata,Kohei Takizawa,Yoshihiro Kishida,Sayo Ito,Kenichiro Imai,Kinichi Hotta,Hirotoshi Ishiwatari,Hiroyuki Matsubayashi,Hiroyuki Ono 대한소화기내시경학회 2020 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.53 No.6
Prediction of histology by endoscopic examination is important in the clinical management of non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors (NADETs), including adenoma and adenocarcinoma. The use of a simple scoring system based on the findings of white-light endoscopy or magnified endoscopy with narrow-band imaging is useful to differentiate between Vienna category 3 (C3) and C4/5 lesions. Less invasive endoscopic resection procedures, such as cold snare polypectomy, are quick to perform and convenient for small (<10 mm) C3 lesions. Neoplasms with higher grade histology, such as C4/5 lesions, should be treated by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), or surgery. Although EMR often requires piecemeal resection, the complication rate is acceptable. Excellent complete resection rates could be achieved by ESD; however, it remains a challenging method considering the high risk of complications. Shielding or closure of the ulcer after ESD is effective at decreasing the risk of delayed bleeding and perforation. Laparoscopic endoscopic cooperative surgery is an ideal treatment with a high rate of en bloc resection and a low rate of complications, although it is limited to high-volume centers. Patients with NADETs could benefit from a multidisciplinary approach to stratify the optimal treatment based on endoscopic diagnoses.