Survival in Head and Neck Cancers - Results of A Multi-Institution Study

Nandakumar, Ambakumar Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.4

Background: The prime output of Hospital Based Cancer Registries is stage and treatment based survival to evaluate patient care, but because of challenges of obtaining follow-up details a separate study on Patterns of Care and Survival for selected sites was initiated under the National Cancer Registry Programme of India. The results of stage and treatment based survival for head and neck cancers by individual organ sites are presented. Materials and Methods: A standardized Patient Information Form recorded the details and entered on-line at www.hbccrindia.org to a central repository - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research. Cases from 12 institutions diagnosed between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2008 comprised the study subjects. The patterns of treatment were examined for 14053 and survival for 4773 patients from five institutions who reported at least 70% follow-up as of 31 December 2012. Results: Surgical treatment with radiation for cancer tongue and mouth showed five year cumulative survival (FCS) of 67.5% and 60.4% respectively for locally advanced stage. Chemo-radiation compared to radiation alone showed better survival benefit of around 15% in both oro and hypo-pharyngeal cancers and their FCS was 40.0%; Hazard Ratio (HR):1.5;CI=1.2-1.9) and 38.7%; (HR):1.7; CI=1.3-2.2). Conclusions: The awareness about the requirement of concurrent chemo-radiation in specifically cancers of the oro and hypopharynx has to be promoted in developing countries. The annual (2014) estimate number of new Head and Neck cancers with locally advanced disease in India is around 140,000 and 91,000 (65%) patients do not receive the benefit of optimal treatment with ensuing poorer survival.

Contact Sensitivity to Dinitrochlorobenzene as a Marker Trait in the Indirect Selection for Body Mange and Coccidiosis Resistance in Broiler Rabbits

Nandakumar, P.,Thomas, M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1999 Animal Bioscience Vol.12 No.2

To determine the effects of genetic and environmental influences on cell mediated immune (CMI) responses in broiler rabbits, contact sensitivity to 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) was assessed in three temperate broiler breeds of rabbits, namely Soviet Chinchilla, New Zealand White and Grey Giant. The feasibility of using the contact sensitivity to DNCB as a marker trait in selection for disease resistance was examined. There were highly significant differences between breeds (p<0.01) in initial skin thickness and contact sensitivities to DNCB at 24, 48 and 72 hours. Initial skin thickness was greatest in the Soviet Chinchilla breed (mean 2.2484 mm), and was significantly greater (p<0.01) in males (2.4963 mm) than in females (1.7846 mm) (p<0.01). Highest contact sensitivity to DNCB was in the New Zealand White breed with mean increase in skin thickness of 1.1884, 0.9072 and 0.5879 mm at 24, 48 and 72 hours post challenge respectively. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction to DNCB at 24 hours post challenge had a highly significant association (p<0.01) with the incidence of body mange in rabbits. The results indicated a lowered contact sensitivity to DNCB at 24 hours post challenge was associated significantly (p<0.01) with an increase in incidence and severity of body mange, suggesting its potential value as a marker. The correlation s among contact sensitivities at 24, 48 and 72 hours were positive and highly significant (p<0.01); correlations between initial skin thickness and contact sensitivities were negative and highly significant (p<0.01). Another notable significant correlation was between body weight and delayed type hypersensitivity at 24 hours indicating that an enhanced CMI might be associated with better growth rate and general wellbeing.

1-(2-) Prime Ideals in Semirings

Nandakumar, Pandarinathan Department of Mathematics 2010 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.50 No.1

In this paper, we introduce the concepts of 1-prime ideals and 2-prime ideals in semirings. We have also introduced $m_1$-system and $m_2$-system in semiring. We have shown that if Q is an ideal in the semiring R and if M is an $m_2$-system of R such that $\overline{Q}{\bigcap}M={\emptyset}$ then there exists as 2-prime ideal P of R such that Q $\subseteq$ P with $P{\bigcap}M={\emptyset}$.

Sensitive detection of human fucosidase by an activity-based probe

Manjula Nandakumar,Lo-Chun,Lee-Chiang Lo,Chun Hung Lin 한국당과학회 2012 한국당과학회 학술대회 Vol.2012 No.1

Alpha-L-fucosidase catalyzes the removal of L-Fucose residues from the non-reducing end of glycoconjugates. There are two fucosidases in human, including  α-L-fucosidase-1 (FUCA1) and α-L-fucosidase-2 (FUCA2). Abnormal fucosidase activity has been associated with many diseases, such as fucosidosis (one of the lysosomal storage disorders), hepatocellular cancer and breast cancer. We previously demonstrated that gastric epithelial cells secrete FUCA2 extracellularly upon the infection of Helicobacter pylori, a strategy tomodify the cell surface glycoconjugates to prevent the bacterial adhesion. However the role and physiological function of FUCA2 still remains ambiguous, not mentioning the difficulty that the enzyme is highly unstable and the activity is often too small for detection. We developed an activity-based probe for sensitive detection of the enzyme activity in vitro and in vivo. First of all, the probe was utilized for dot-blot assay to measure the H. pylori-induced fucosidase activity in a quantitative manner. Secondly, the probe provided a real-time detection of the increased fucosidase activity by using confocal microscopy. The result also supported the idea that the bacterial infection not only leads to an increase in the extracellular activity of FUCA2, but also an intracellular increase of fucosidase activity. Western blotting analysis by FUCA1- and FUCA2-specific antibodies further corroborated the aforementioned increase levels of FUCA1 and FUCA2 activities, respectively. Our current emphasis is placed to search for the factors of H. pylori in association with the secretion of fucosidase during infection.

An insight into in vitro strategies for bioproduction of isoflavones

Vidya Nandakumar,Saravanan Krishnagowdu,Halka Jayachandran,Kowsalya Kumaresan,Preetha Jaganathan Sakthi Yazhini,Gurusaravanan Packiaraj,Radhakrishnan Ramalingam,Nanthini A. Usha Raja,Arun Muthukrishna 한국식물생명공학회 2021 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.15 No.6

Isoflavones (ISF) are potent secondary metabolites, widely distributed among the members of the Fabaceae family. They have a multitude of biological functions in plants, animals, and humans. Most of the functions exhibited by isoflavones are highly beneficial to human beings. Benefits mainly include lowering cardiovascular diseases, reducing menopausal symptoms, and decreasing the risk of hormone-related cancers. Therefore, this potent compound has emerged as a promising possibility for making medicines and has grabbed the pharmaceutical industry's attention. Nowadays, many isoflavone-based products are manufactured commercially as food supplements, and their demand is drastically increasing globally. Numerous in vitro stud- ies have successfully synthesized value-added metabolites that possess a vast number of industrial applications. Production of isoflavones within the plants depends on several biological and environmental conditions. Hence, in vitro cultures pro- vide an alternate source to recover these compounds independent of environmental factors and limited bio-resources. Plant organ cultures could be highly recommended as a reliable platform for synthesizing plant-based pharmaceutically active isoflavones. Moreover, biotechnological approaches, such as elicitation and precursor feeding, can eventually promote the yield and increase these metabolites' production. This review initially outlines information regarding the source, structure, synthesis, and diverse roles of isoflavones. Later, this paper describes different plant organ cultures for the in vitro production of isoflavones and highlights elicitation strategies as well as metabolic engineering work to enhance production.

Multibiometric Cryptosystems Based on Feature-Level Fusion

Nagar, Abhishek,Nandakumar, Karthik,Jain, Anil K. IEEE 2012 IEEE transactions on information forensics and sec Vol.7 No.1

<P>Multibiometric systems are being increasingly de- ployed in many large-scale biometric applications (e.g., FBI-IAFIS, UIDAI system in India) because they have several advantages such as lower error rates and larger population coverage compared to unibiometric systems. However, multibiometric systems require storage of multiple biometric templates (e.g., fingerprint, iris, and face) for each user, which results in increased risk to user privacy and system security. One method to protect individual templates is to store only the secure sketch generated from the corresponding template using a biometric cryptosystem. This requires storage of multiple sketches. In this paper, we propose a feature-level fusion framework to simultaneously protect multiple templates of a user as a single secure sketch. Our main contributions include: (1) practical implementation of the proposed feature-level fusion framework using two well-known biometric cryptosystems, namery,fuzzy vault and fuzzy commitment, and (2) detailed analysis of the trade-off between matching accuracy and security in the proposed multibiometric cryptosystems based on two different databases (one real and one virtual multimodal database), each containing the three most popular biometric modalities, namely, fingerprint, iris, and face. Experimental results show that both the multibiometric cryptosystems proposed here have higher security and matching performance compared to their unibiometric counterparts.</P>

Improvement of 3-Hydroxypropionic Acid Tolerance in Klebsiella pneumoniae J2B by Overexpressing a Novel Transporter YohJK

Huichang RYU,Nandakumar ARUMUGAM,Yeonhee KIM,Sunghoon PARK 한국생물공학회 2022 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.9

D-Pinitol Promotes Apoptosis in MCF-7 Cells via Induction of p53 and Bax and Inhibition of Bcl-2 and NF-κB

Rengarajan, Thamaraiselvan,Nandakumar, Natarajan,Rajendran, Peramaiyan,Haribabu, Lingaiah,Nishigaki, Ikuo,Balasubramanian, Maruthaiveeran Periyasamy Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.4

Development of drugs from natural products has been undergoing a gradual evoluation. Many plant derived compounds have excellent therapeutic potential against various human ailments. They are important sources especially for anticancer agents. A number of promising new agents are in clinical development based on their selective molecular targets in the field of oncology. D-pinitol is a naturally occurring compound derived from soy which has significant pharmacological activitites. Therefore we selected D-pinitol in order to evaluate apoptotic potential in the MCF-7 cell line. Human breast cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of D-pinitol and cytotoxicity was measured by MTT and LDH assays. The mechanism of apoptosis was studied with reference to expression of p53, Bcl-2, Bax and NF-kB proteins. The results revealed that D-pinitol significantly inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, while upregulating the expression of p53, Bax and down regulating Bcl-2 and NF-kB. Thus the results obtained in this study clearly vindicated that D-pinitol induces apotosis in MCF-7 cells through regulation of proteins of pro- and anti-apoptotic cascades.

Autotransplantation: A biological treatment alternative for a patient after traumatic dental injury

Meenakshi Vishwanath,Nandakumar Janakiraman,Hamed Vaziri,Ravindra Nanda,Flavio Uribe 대한치과교정학회 2018 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.48 No.2

Traumatic dental injury is considered a public dental health problem because of a high childhood incidence, high treatment costs, and prolonged treatment time. Although management guidelines for traumatized teeth have been outlined, tooth loss following trauma is occasionally unavoidable. Here, we describe the successful interdisciplinary management of a traumatized central incisor in an 11-year old boy that was extracted because of a poor prognosis and restored by the autotransplantation of an immature donor tooth into the site. The patient underwent orthodontic treatment in order to close the donor site space and bring the autotransplanted tooth to an ideal position. Postorthodontic treatment radiographs and photographs revealed an esthetic and functional natural tooth replacing the lost tooth. The findings from this case suggest that autotransplantation offers unique advantages as a treatment modality for the restoration of missing teeth, particularly in growing children.

Recurrence of Different Types of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy

Olayiwola Amoran,Nandakumar Mohan,Christopher Lee,Andrew R. Kohut 한국심초음파학회 2021 Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging (J Cardiovasc Im Vol.29 No.1

.