제7차 도덕과 교육과정의 특징과 개선 방향 : 도덕과 교육과정 개정에 대한 반성적 고찰

조난심 한국교육과정학회 2004 교육과정연구 Vol.22 No.1

본 논문에서는 1997년에 개정 고시되어 현재 각급 학교에서 적용되고 있는 제 7차 도덕과 교육과정의 특징과 문제점을 검토하고, 향후 개선 방향을 제안하였다. 그리고 이 글에서는 교과 교육과정의 발전을 위해 교과 교육과정의 개발과 적용 과정에 대한 검토와 피드백이 필요함을 부각시키고자 하였다. 우선, 제 7차 도덕과 교육과정의 특징으로 인성 교육에 대한 요구 수용, 인지적 접근에서 통합적 접근에로의 변화, 도덕과 교과목 편제의 재구조화를 살펴보았다. 이러한 특징들은 도덕과 교육이 사회적 요구, 교과 자체 내의 요구 등을 감안하여 새 교육과정 구성에서 반영한 사항들이라고 할 수 있다. 이어서 제 7차 도덕과 교육과정 적용상의 문제와 미해결의 쟁점들을 검토하였다. 먼저, 제 7 차 교육과정에서 변화된 도덕 교과목 편제로 인해서 발생하는 중등 도덕과 교육의 문제를 살펴보았고, 제 7차 교육과정 개정을 통해서도 도덕과 교육의 실효성 논쟁, 한국 윤리 대 보편윤리간의 논쟁, 교육 내용 구성 원리인 생활영역 대 도덕적 주제간의 논쟁 등 도덕과 교육의 쟁점들이 미해결인 상태로 남아 있음을 밝혔다. 끝으로, 이러한 점토를 바탕으로 향후 도덕과 교육과정의 개선 방향을 제시하였다. 도덕과 교과목 편제를 가능한 범위에서 조정하도록 하고, 도덕과 교육과정의 내용학적 개선을 위해 앞에서 제기된 미해결의 쟁점들에 대한 연구 검토와 아울러. 도덕과 교육을 담당하고 있는 현장교사들의 도덕과 교수학적 지식을 수집 분석할 필요가 있음을 제안하였다. In this paper, I reviewed the characteristics of the 7th revision of moral education curriculum and its problems which were revealed in the process of implementing it. Based on this analysis, I proposed several suggestions for improvement of moral education curriculum. Especially, I emphasized the importance of monitoring and feedback of each subject matter curriculum implementation for development of a subject matter education. Three major characteristics of the 7th revision of moral education curriculum are adaptation of character education to moral education, changing focus of moral education from cognitive approach to integrate approach, and re-structuring the time allotment standards of moral education. These characteristics reflected that the new moral education curriculum was revised according to the social and academic needs concerning on school moral education. Meanwhile, the new moral education curriculum was implementing in the schools, several problems were revealed. First, there is short of time for moral education in elementary and middle school because just one school time period was alloted for moral education per week. Second, it is necessary to take two elective courses of moral education in high school if a student wants to select moral education on scholastic aptitude test for college entrance. Third, there still remains unsolved important moral education issues in the new moral education curriculum. Those are low effectiveness of school moral education, controversy between Korean ethic and universal ethic as the content of moral education, and introduction of moral themes as the major streams of moral education curriculum instead of domains of moral life. In the last part of this paper, I proposed suggestions for improvement of moral education curriculum. I suggested that it was necessary to change time allotment standards of moral education, to discuss about unsolved moral education issues, and to gather the pedagogical content knowledges of school moral education teachers.

부산지역 대기질에 대한 대기 오염 지수(PSI)의 적용

문윤섭,장난심,김영주 부산대학교 환경문제연구소 1997 環境硏究報 Vol.15 No.1

The Pollutant Standards Index (PSI) was chosen as an environmental indicator. The PSI is a composite indicator computed from ambient levels of SO2 , TSP,O3 , NO2 , and CO. The daily PSI value is determined by the pollutant having the highest reading for that day. The index numbers are on a scale of zero to 500, the most important number on the scale is 100, which corresponds to the EPA - set National Ambient Air Quality Standars (NAAQS). Scores higher than 100 are considered to be unhealthful. Air quality of Pusan was evaluated by Pollutant Standards Index, which was proposed by Federal Register of the United States. The daily data of pollutants (SO2 , TSP, O3 , NO2 , CO) in 6 air pollutant monitoring sites were used for evaluation. According to the frequencies (day/day %), most parts were still under unhealthful condition. But, this result was why too many data of the high O3 concentration value in summer was missing. As the result, PSI method seems very useful to evaluate air quality, if the air quality pollutant data has no missing one, but it would be necessary to reform in consideration of environment standard of Pusan, in the case of applicating PSI in Pusan, Korea.

[논문]부산광역시 지하철역의 오염물질 농도 변화에 관한 연구

이화운,박종길,장난심,이희령,김희만 부산대학교 환경문제연구소 2004 環境硏究報 Vol.22 No.-

on the variation of Air Pollutants concentration in Subway Station at Busan Metropolitan City

부산광역시 지하철역 지하공간의 대기오염 특성

이화운,장난심,곽진,이희령,김희만 한국환경과학회 2002 한국환경과학회지 Vol.11 No.3

The purpose of this study is designed to estimate the air quality of subway stations that have the underground platforms in Pusan Metropolitan City, from September to November 2000, over seventimes. The subjects include Yonsan-dong station, Somyon station, Pusan station, Nampo-dong station, and Tushil station. The samplings were conducted at three points of each station, i.e. gate, ticket gates, and platforms. The major materials for analysis were CO, NO, NO_2, and O_3. The experiment was conducted at 7:00 pm with KIMOTO HS-seven Handy sampler and Tedlar Bag of SKC INC(U.S.A). In order to more fully understand station environments, we also measured temperature at each point. The results showed that O_3 average concentration at Yonsan-dong station was higher than others with 38~51 ppb. The average concentration of NO was high at ticket gate and platform at Somyon station(119 ppb, 122 ppb), Nampo-dong station(102 ppb, 100 ppb). These results show that the air pollution of stations with underground shopping malls was higher than others. At Somyon station having a junction station, NO and NO_2 concentration level of platform-2(noncrowded) was higher than platform-1(crowded). This is most likely due to the accumulation of air pollutants and inadequate ventilation systems.

부산광역시 지하공간의 CO 대기질 평가

이화운,박종길,장난심,이희령,김희만 한국환경과학회 2003 한국환경과학회지 Vol.12 No.1

With increasing population denities in cities, underground facilities and entertainment are proliferating at a rapid pace in efforts to maximize the use of land. The purpose of this study is to evaluate CO concentration level of subway stations having underground platforms in Busan Metropolitan City, from September to November 2000, over seven times. The places of inquiry include Yongsan-dong station. The samplings were conducted at three point of each station, i.e. gate ticket gates, and platforms. The component of CO concentration is the main elements of indoor air quality evaluation. The total concentrations and average concentration of CO were the higher at the average concentration of CO were the higher at the Somyon station. The distribution of CO concentrations at each station, generally was higher at gate than ticket gates platforms. The I?O ratios(I-platforms, O-gates) were expressed highly than 1 at the Yongsan-dong station, Busan station, Nampo-dong station and were lower 1 at others.

부산광역시의 대기질 변화경향 및 특성에 관한 연구

이화운,김유근,원경미,홍정혜,문윤섭,장난심,정우식 부산대학교 환경문제연구소 1997 環境硏究報 Vol.15 No.1

학교 인격교육의 재음미

조난심 ( Nan Sim Cho ) 한국교육철학학회(구 교육철학회) 2013 교육철학연구 Vol.35 No.2

이 논문에서는 학교교육에서 추구하는 목적으로 제시되고 있는 인격교육의 의미와 실태 그리고 활성화 방안과 관련된 쟁점들을 재음미해 보고자 하였다. 우리 학교의 교육과정에서는 학생들의 인격 도야를 교육의 중요한 목적으로 제시하고 있다. 그러나 우리 학교교육의 현실은, 학교 폭력 문제 등에서 노정되는 바와 같이, 인격교육이 실효성 있게 이루어지고 있지 못하다. 따라서 교과교육을 중심으로 이루어지는 학교교육에서 인격교육의 활성화를 위해서 어떤 문제들이 검토되어야 하는지를 차분하게 논의해 볼 필요가 있다. 먼저, 우리 교육계에서 통용되고 있는 ‘인성교육’ 개념의 애매성과 모호성을 지적하고, 인격교육 개념에 초점을 둘 것을 제안하였다. 학교 인격교육의 문제점으로는 학교교육의 핵심 영역인 교과교육 외의 영역에 중점을 두는 교육 현실을 비판하고, 교과교육을 통한 인격교육의 문제점을 분석하였다. 입시중심 교육, 도덕과 외의 교과들의 인격교육 회피, 교과 수업운영 관행의 문제점 그리고 교과교육 평가의 문제점을 지적하였다. 학교 인격교육 활성화 관련 쟁점으로 교과교육에 대한 관점의 변화, 핵심 역량과 인격교육 및 교사의 수업관과 인격교육의 문제를 논의하였다. 끝으로, 인격교육의 관점에서 본 교과교육의 의미를 논하였다. 결론적으로 학교 인격교육이 활성화되기 위해서는 학교에서 배우는 교과교육이 학생의 인격 도야, 더 나아가서는 학습자 개인의 ‘좋은 삶’ 혹은 ‘행복한 삶’에 어떤 의미가 되어야 하는가를 질문해야 한다. The purpose of this paper is to reconsider the meaning and reality of character education in schools. Cultivating students` good character is the one of main aims in school curriculum. According to the National Curriculum document, schools should carry out character education through formal curriculum. But in realities, character education is not carried out efficiently in schools today. The increase of school violence and juvenile delinquencies is regarded as evidence of school character education failure. So, the way of vitalization of schools character education should be discussed, especially character education through each subject education should be reconsidered. First, I clarified the meaning of school character education focusing on moral growth of each student. The concept of ‘character education`` which is used widely in Korean education nowadays has ambiguity and vagueness in its definition, so it tends to hinder clear communication between educationists. And I analysed the problems of school character education policy and practices. Education policy makers usually focused in extra-curricular activities for school character education, on the other hand they ignored character education through subject education which is the core area of school education. Also, there are problems of character education through subject education in schools, such as knowledge transmission centered classroom teaching, disregarding character education in other subjects` teaching except Moral Education class, and not evaluating the results of character education through subject education. Recently, in order to vitalize school character education, many research & development projects were carried out and several improvement policies of school character education were proposed according to the results of the projects. These policy proposals related to the issues of school character education, such as change the meaning of school subject education, the relation between key competencies and character education, and the importance of teachers`` character in classroom character education. In this paper, I discussed these school character education issues. In conclusion, in order to vitalize school character education, the meaning of subject education should be reconsidered in the context of each student`s ``happiness`` and ``good life``.

Assessment of sterilization effect and the alteration of surface texture and physical properties of gutta-percha cone after short-term chemical disinfection

Pang, Nan-Sim,Jung, Il-Young,Yu, Yoon-Jung,Kum, Kee-Yeon 大韓齒科保存學會 2006 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.31 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 첫째 임상에서 진료실에 노출된 가타파차 콘 표면의 오염 균종을 중합효소연쇄반응법(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)을 이용해 동정하고, 둘째 이들 세균으로 오염시킨 가타파차 콘에 대해 3 종의 소독제의 short-term sterilization효과를 비교하였다. 또한 이들 소독제에 5 분간 처리된 가타파차 콘 표면 성상의 변화를 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하였고 물성 변화, 특히 인장 강도와 연신률의 변화를 측정, 비교하고자 하였다. 진료실에 수 개월간 노출된 가타파차 콘 150개를 수거하여 배양지에 넣어 배양 후 universial primer를 사용한 PCR assay를 통해 오염 균종을 동정하였다. 실험실 상에서 이 균종을 다시 배양하여 소독된 가타파차 콘에 접종하고 1 주일간 배양한 후 3 종의 소독제 (5% NaOCl, 2% Chlorhexidine, ChloraPrep)에 1, 5, 10, 30 분간 short-term soaking후 각 소독제의 종류의 적용시간에 따른 멸균 효과를 turbidity test와 subculture를 이용하여 평가하였다. 또한 각 소독제에 5 분간 처리된 가타파차 콘 표면 성상의 변화를 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하였으며, 물성 변화를 평가하기 위해 Instron 5500을 이용하여 연신률 및 tensile strength를 측정한 후 통계학적 유의성 여부를 검증하였다. 중합효소연쇄반응법의 분석결과 19.4%의 가타파차 콘 이 오염된 것으로 나타났고 대부분이 Staphylococcus 계통이었으며, 3 종의 소독제 모두 이들 균종에 대해 1 분내에 멸균 효과를 나타냈다. 주사전자현미경상 NaOCl로 소독된 가타파차 콘 표면에는 cuboidal crystal 의 침전물이 전반적으로 관찰되었다. Tensile strength는 NaOCl군에서 다른 군에 비해 유의성 있는 증가를 보였으며 (p <0.05), elongation rate는 3 종의 소독제 모두 대조군에 비해 유의성 있는 증가를 보였으나 (p < 0.05), 특히 ChloraPrep군에서 가장 큰 증가를 보였다. 본 연구 결과 3 종의 소독제 모두 근관충전 전 가타파차 콘의 rapid sterilization을 위해 유용하게 사용할 수 있음을 시사한다. The purposes of this study were firstly to identify the microbial species on gutta-percha (GP) cones exposed at clinics using polymerase chain reaction, and secondly to evaluate the short-term sterilization effect of three chemical disinfectants. It also evaluated the alteration of surface texture and physical properties of GP cones after 5-min soaking into three chemical disinfectants. 150 GP cones from two endodontic departments were randomly selected for microbial detection using PCR assay with universal primer. After inoculation on the sterilized GP cones with the same microorganism identified by PCR assay, they were soaked in three chemical disinfectants : 5% NaOCl, 2% Chlorhexidine, and ChloraPrep for 1, 5, 10, and 30 minutes. The sterilization effect was evaluated by turbidity and subculture. The change of surface textures using a scanning electron microscope and the tensile strength and elongation rate of the GP cones were measured using an Instron 5500 (Canton). Statistical analysis was performed. Four bacterial species were detected in 29 GP cones (19.4%), and all the species belonged to the genus Staphylococcus. All chemical disinfectants were effective in sterilization with just 1 minute soaking. On the SEM picture of NaOCl-soaked GP cone, a cluster of cuboidal crystals was seenon the cone surface. The tensile strenght of NaOCl-soaked group was significantly higher than the other groups (p< 0.05). Alsi, all disinfectants significantly increased the elongation rate of GP cones compared to the fresh GP cone (p < 0.05). Present data demonstrate that three chemical disinfectants are useful for rapid sterilization of GP cone just before obturation.

개인연구 : 교육철학의 정체성과 학교교육

조난심 ( Jo Nan Sim ) 교육철학회 2004 교육철학연구 Vol.0 No.31

Clinical Research Article : A survey on informed consent process for epidural analgesia in Labor pain in Korea

( Nan Ju Lee ),( Ji Yeon Sim ),( Mi Soon Lee ),( Won Sik Ahn ),( Sun Sook Han ),( Hwa Mi Lee ) 대한마취과학회 2010 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.59 No.1

Background: There is a legal obligation to explain the procedure and use of epidural analgesia in labor primarily due to the possibility of potential risks and associated complications. The present study details on the survey carried out to ascertain the current status of obtaining informed consent (IC) for explaining the epidural analgesia in labor. Methods: The present study is based on a survey through a telephone questionnaire that covered all the hospitals in Korea where the anesthesiologists` belonged to and are registered with Korean Society of Anesthesiologists. The questionnaire included questions pertaining to administration of epidural analgesia to a parturient, information on different steps of obtaining an IC, whether patient status was evaluated, when the consent was obtained, and the reasons behind, if the consent had not being given. Results: A total of 1,434 respondents took part in the survey, with a response rate of 97% (1,434/1,467). One hundred seventy-four hospitals had conducted epidural analgesia on the parturient. The overall rate of obtaining IC for epidural analgesia during labor was 85%, of which only 13% was conducted by anesthesiologists. The rate of evaluating preoperative patient status was 74%, of which 45% was conducted by anesthesiologists. Almost all of the consent was obtained prior to the procedure. Conclusions: The rate of obtaining IC for epidural analgesia in labor is relatively high (85%) in Korea. However, it is necessary to discuss the content of the consent and the procedure followed for obtaining IC during the rapid progress of labor. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2010; 59: 34-38)