백제 전지왕 ‘奉元四年’銘 칠지도와 그 사상적 배경

박남수 ( Park¸ Namsoo ) 동아시아비교문화연구회 2021 東硏(동연) Vol.10 No.-

필자는 칠지도 연구의 가장 첨예한 쟁점이 되는 연호와 제작일을 길상구설의 문제와 함께 살피고자 하였다. 특히 본 명문의 연호를 ‘奉元’으로 석독하고, 본 칠지도를 전지왕 4년(408) 11월 16일에 제작하였음을 확인하였다. 또한 본 명문의 주요 쟁점 가운데 ‘丙午 正陽’ 및 ‘奇生’의 의미를 살피고, 칠지도가 『周易』의 ‘奇生’의 원리에 바탕하여 양의 기운이 생성하는 동짓날을 택하여 제작된 것이었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이에 동 명문상의 ‘마땅히 후왕에게 준다(冝供供侯王)’거나 ‘백제 왕세자가 倭王을 위하여 旨를 내려 만들었으니 후세에 전하여 보이라(爲倭王旨造傳示世)’고 한 것은, 괘상에서 乾과 坎의 강건함은 백제이고, 坤과 离의 유순함은 왜를 지칭한 것을 반영한 것으로 보았다. 나아가 명문 ‘百練銕七支刀’의 ‘七支’가 불교의 전륜성왕 칠보 가운데 象寶의 특징을 묘사한 것이라는 점에서, 칠지도 제작에 있어서 전륜성왕 이념의 투영 가능성을 상정하였다. I tried to elucidate the prodcution date and the equivalent era name of the Seven-branched Sword (K. Chiljido) with the issue of an auspicious sign theory. In particular, it was confirmed that the era name indicated in the inscription engraved on Chiljido as ‘Bong-won (Ch. 奉元),’ and that this sword was produced on November 16, the 4th year of King Jeonji's reign (408). In addition, the meaning of '丙午 正陽' and '奇生' among the main issues related to the inscription was examined. Through this process, it was figured that Chiljido was produced on the winter solstice day when the energy of Yang (Ch. 陽) was generated based on the principle of ‘奇生’ from the Book of Changes. Therefore, it analyzed the meaning of 'giving it to a feudal lord(Ch. 冝供供侯王) ' or 'the crown prince of Paekche issued an edict to make the sword for the king of Japan, so give it to future generations.' The meaning seems to reflect that the robustness of trigrams of the sky (Ch. 乾) and water (Ch. 坎) in the trigrams from the Book of Changes is Paekche, and the meekness of trigrams of the earth (Ch. 乾) and fire (Ch. 离) refers to Japan. Furthermore, given that ‘seven branches (Ch. 七支)’ included in the phrase ‘Seven-branched Sword of 100 times tempered iron (Ch. 百練銕七支刀)’ describes the characteristics of ‘the Jewell of Elephant’ among the Seven Treasures of Chakravarti of Buddhism, the possibility of projecting the ideology of Chakravarti in the production of Chiljido was assumed.

Charles Dickens의 사회비판 연구 -Little Dorrit의 Circumlocution Office에 대한 비판을 중심으로-

장남수 ( Chang¸ Nam-soo ) 현대영미어문학회 1992 현대영미어문학 Vol.10 No.-

This paper proposes a ‘realistic’ interpretation of the Circumlocution Office in Charles Dickens’s Little Dorrit, based on his critique of the industrial society whose essence lies in capitalism. The industrial society in question is the one that followed the capitalistic development after the Industrial Revolution and gave an unprecedented confusion and shock to contemporary people who were exposed to its ruthless logic. The fact that the background of this work is the capitalist society, becomes explicit from the observation that market image or an image connected with the commodity exchange pervades the entire work. Dickens’s representations of the Circumlocution Office, coupled with its linkage with various characters and events, contribute to the apt criticism of the Victorian reality. His satirical treatments of this Office do not merely point to the bureaucratic inefficiency or the feudal remnants. Rather, they point to the substantial inefficiency and anti-popularity of capitalism, which are understood from the popular standpoint.

[S6-4] Folic Acid in Yellow-green Vegetables May Help Maintain Healthy Blood Vessels in the Brain

Namsoo Chang,Hwayoung Lee,Ji-Myung Kim 한국식품영양과학회 2006 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2006 No.10

A Study on MPE-FEC decoding base on LLR method in DVB-SSP system

Namsoo Kim,Minhyuk Kim,Jongtae Bae,Seoksoon Choi,Taedoo Park,Jiwon Jung 대한전자공학회 2008 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2008 No.7

In this paper, we described DVB-SSP system for mobility. The DVB-SSP for mobility system used cross layer scheme which is consist of e-RS(erasure Reed-Solomon), virtual interleaver and LDPC. Erasure data for e-RS decoding is detected by CRC check in conventional DVB-SSP system. However, this paper proposed erasure data detecting method by LLR value of LDPC. It is called LLR method. Through the simulation results, we know that the performance of LLR method is better than conventional CRC method as 0.2㏈.

Discriminant Analysis of Marketed Liquor by a Multi-channel Taste Evaluation System

Namsoo Kim 한국식품과학회 2005 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.14 No.4

Macronutrient composition of human milk from Korean mothers of full term infants born at 37-42 gestational weeks

Namsoo Chang,Ji A Jung,Hyesook Kim,Ara Jo,Sujeong Kang,Si-Won Lee,Hyunju Yi,Jihee Kim,Jong-Gap Yim,Byung-Moon Jung 대한지역사회영양학회 2015 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.5 No.6

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Breast milk is the best available food for optimum growth and development of infants and the breastfeeding rate is increasing in Korea. The purpose of this study is to measure the concentrations of macronutrients and to evaluate their changes according to lactation period in breast milk from lactating Korean women. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Milk samples were obtained from 2,632 healthy lactating women (mean age; 32.0 ± 3.3 years), where the lactating period was up to a period of 8 months, who also volunteered to participate in the Human Milk Macronutrient Analysis Research. Lactose, protein, fat and water content in the breast milk samples were analyzed with infrared spectrometry using MilkoScan FT-2. RESULTS: The mean macronutrient composition per 100 mL of mature breast milk was 7.1 g for lactose, 1.4 g for protein and 3.0 g for fat, and energy content was 61.1 kcal. The protein concentration was significantly lower in milk samples at 1-2 weeks (2.0 g/dL) to 2-3 months (1.4 g/dL) than those at 0-1 week (2.2 g/dL), but it was similar among samples from 3-4 months to 7-8 months (1.3 g/dL). Mean lipid levels varied among different lactational period groups (2.7-3.2 g/dL), but presented no significant difference. Lactose concentration in the milk samples did not differ with lactation period. Maternal body mass index was positively related to protein and lipid breast milk contents, but was negatively related to lactose content. General linear models examining the associations between maternal variables and milk macronutrient content revealed that lactation period had a major impact on protein and lipid, but not on lactose content in breast milk. CONCLUSIONS: These results warrant future studies to explore factors that may be associated with changes in macronutrient content in human milk.

The convergence of three-dimensional printing and nail-art technology

Namsoo Peter Kim,Jihye Kim,Myung Sook Han 대한미용의학회 2019 대한미용의학회지 Vol.3 No.2

Background: With the convergence of internet of things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies with three-dimensional (3D) printing or additive manufacturing, the applications have extended to beauty arts and cosmetics. Objective: The purpose of this research is to confirm the possibility of the convergence of IoT and AI 3D printing technology for cosmetics and beauty art for the 21st century. Methods: From January to October 2019, experienced 3D designers and customers were isolated, and more than 1,000 patterns were verified. Ultraviolet light-emitting diod (UV-LED) technology with built-in patented devices operating on a limited basis was used, and processes using low energies of 3 watts or less were applied. To control the 3D shape of the material, 3D printing technology with the z-axis at a height of 50 microns was applied to the shape to obtain a length of more than 3 cm. Completed products realized via custom design and manufacturing processes were delivered to the customers who installed them on their own. Results: More than 1,000 patterns were successfully printed through Wi-Fi from all over the world for AI-recommended nail art and tattoos. The stability of the IoT has confirmed the quality of 3D printed nails and two-dimensional (2D) tattoos. Moreover, customers are not exposed harmful environments associated with tattoos and 3D nail art. Conclusion: Application of 3D printing technology to the traditional nail art industry allows for the creation of sophisticated and customized shapes in a short period of time with a precision control of less than 50 microns in various colored 3D structures on artificial nail tips. This successful result of the convergence of AI and IoT 3D printing technology in the field of nail art and tattoos is expected to apply further to the fields of cosmetology, makeup, plastic surgery, and art.

Plasma total homocysteine and macrovascular complications are associated with food and nutrient intake in patients with Type II diabetes mellitus

Namsoo Chang,Ji-Myung Kim,Hyesook Kim,Yong Wook Cho 한국영양학회 2007 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.1 No.2

The present study was conducted to document the association between plasma homocysteine levels and the presence of macrovascular angiopathy with food and nutrient intake patterns among patients with Type II diabetes mellitus in Korea. Plasma total homocysteine concentration was analyzed by HPLC-fluorescence detector method in 127 patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Logistic regression analyses were performed respectively to study the association of plasma homocysteine levels with clinical and dietary characteristics and macroangiopathy (MA). The average plasma homocysteine level of patients with MA was 14.2 μ㏖/ℓ, which was significantly higher than that of patients without MA (11.4 μ㏖/ℓ). The proportions of patients with MA showed a significant difference, being 32.3% in hyperhomocysteinemic (>14.0 μ㏖/ℓ) patients and 13.5% in others with homocysteine levels lower than 14.0 μ㏖/ℓ. Odds ratios for macroangiopathy by tertile increase of plasma homocysteine concentration were 1.633 (Q₂) and 4.831 (Q₃), when adjusted for age, sex, and cigarette smoking. Patients with MA consumed reduced amounts of vitamin B1, B2, and folate. The results indicate that the plasma homocysteine levels are significantly increased in NIDDM patients who have macroangiopathy. Dietary management such as increased fruits and vegetables and decreased potatoes and starches might be beneficial for the prevention of macroangiopathy in diabetic patients.

Folate nutrition is related to neuropsychological functions in the elderly

Namsoo Chang,EunJung Kim,Ki Nam Kim,Hyesook Kim,Seong Yoon Kim,Bum Seok Jeong 대한지역사회영양학회 2009 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.3 No.1

We investigated the nutritional state of B vitamins and the neuropsychological functions in 25 subjects, aged 63.1 ± 6.3 years, residing in rural areas of Korea. Nutritional states of thiamin, riboflavin, and pyridoxine were assessed enzymatically in the erythrocytes, and folate concentrations were measured microbiologically in the plasma and erythrocytes. A battery of composite neuropsychological test was administered to the subjects. Plasma folate was correlated with the total intelligence score (p=0.049). Folate levels in the erythrocytes were correlated with the performance intelligence scores such as block design (p=0.017) and picture arrangement (p=0.016). The red cell folate was correlated with memory scores such as general memory (p=0.009) and delayed recall (p=0.000). Although it did not reach statistical significance, verbal memory (p=0.053) was highly correlated with the red cell folate. The red cell folate was also correlated positively with the percent of conceptual level response number score (p=0.029), and negatively with the grooved pegboard test score for the non-dominant hand (p=0.010). Fine motor coordination was also influenced by folate nutrition, as finger tapping scores in both hands were significantly correlated with red cell folate (dominant hand; p=0.026, non-dominant hand; p=0.004). Other B vitamins such as thiamin, riboflavin, and vitamin B6 were not as strongly correlated with neuropsychological function test scores as folate was. These results suggest that folate nutrition influences neuropsychological function test scores significantly in humans. Further studies are needed to explore the relationship between folate or other vitamin B nutrition and neuropsychological functions and the implications thereof.

Glass Slide-based Immunosensing for C-Reactive Protein Using Quantum Dot-Antibody Conjugate

Namsoo Kim,Sun Mi Oh,Chong-Tai Kim,Yong Jin Cho 한국산업식품공학회 2010 산업 식품공학 Vol.14 No.1

C-Reactive protein (CRP), which is an 118 kDa pentameric protein, was secreted by the liver is an important biomarker for coronary disease, hypertension and inflammation. In this study, a method for CRP detection exploiting quantum dot (Qdot)-antibody conjugate was developed according to an indirect-competitive immunosensing protocol. For this purpose, a streptavidin-bound Qdot605 was linked with a separately prepared biotinylated monoclonal antirat CRP antibody to produce a Qdot-antibody conjugate. The immunosensing was performed at 0.1 and 20 nM of the coating antigen and conjugate, respectively. The current method was found very sensitive in CRP detection, judging from the concentration-dependent fluorescence emission.