모종삼의 미발체인설과 이발찰식설 비판

조남호 ( Cho¸ Nam-ho ) 한국동서철학회 2021 동서철학연구 Vol.- No.101

이 연구는 모종삼의 미발체인과 이발찰식에 대한 이해를 재검토하여 오류를 비판하려고 한다. 모종삼은 이통의 미발기상체인과 호굉의 이발찰식을 초월적 역각체증과 내재적 역각체증이라고 나누었다. 이런 구분은 적절하지 않다. 왜냐하면 사실상 모두 선정(定心)상태에서 진행하는 것이기 때문에 이미발 여부를 구분할 필요가 없다. 정좌하여 정심상태에서 염두의 발동과 유전(流轉)을 살피는 것이 찰식이고, 더 나아가 염두가 발동하지 않아 염두에 대한 어떤 감정조차 발동하기 이전의 모습을 관찰하는 것이 미발기상체인이다. 모종삼은 호굉의 이발찰식을 내재적이라고 설명하였는데, 이것도 사실상 정심상태에서 진행하는 것이다. 이발찰식은 정심상태에서 염두와 감정이 발동할 때 두려워하지 말고 그것을 관찰하는 것이다. 불교의 염주(念住)공부는 참선의 정심상태에서 미발과 이발 모두 염두가 일어날 때 염두의 현행을 멈추라는 것이다. 다시 말해 감정과 사유가 일어나는 것을 멈추고 관찰하는 것이다. 산심상태보다는 더욱 깊이 들어가서 관찰할 수 있다. 도교는 선천상태를 주장한다. 염두와 감정이 발동하기 이전의 상태이며 생각과 의식이 일어나지 않은 단계이다. 생각의 염두도 없고 의식도 없는 선천단계는 후천단계와 다르다. 후천단계는 미세한 염두와 감정이 발동하여 유전하지만 미세하기 때문에 알아채지 못하는 더욱 고요한 단계이다. 전자는 선천이고 후자는 미발이다. 그럼에도 송대 유학자들은 선천이라는 개념이 불교와 도교 개념이라서 사용하지 않았고, 대신에 미발이란 개념을 쓰고자 하였다. 그래서 미발에 선천이라 개념을 적용하더라도, 내포에서 서로 어긋나는 부분이 있다. 모종삼은 주희의 도남학과 호남학의 구분을 따르지 않고, 역각체증 즉 초월적 체증과 내재적 체증이라는 도식을 가지고 호굉과 이통을 주희와 다른 사유로 설명하고자 한 것은 새로운 시도라고 할 수 있다. 그러나 불교와 도교의 수양방법을 이해하지 못하고 호굉을 분리하여 유종주와 묶어서 성리학의 일파라고 설명하려는 것은 자의적인 기준이라고 평론할 수 있다. This study seeks to review the understanding of wei fa ti ren and yi fa cha shi by Mou Zong San. Wei fa ti ren is the theory of Li Tong. Yi fa cha shi is the theory of Hu Hong. Mou Zong San insists wei fa ti ren is transcendent consciousness and yi fa cha shi is intrinsic consciousness. This distinction is not appropriate. It is not necessary to distinguish whether or not it has already occurred because it is a one-pointed mind by meditation. It is cha sik to observe the motion in a meditation state, and furthermore, it observes appearance before any emotion of the mind begins. Mou Zong San explained that Hu Hong's yi fa cha shi is inherent, and this was actually carried out in a meditation state. It is observing without fear when the mind and emotions begins in a meditation state. Buddhists say that Contemplation of the bases of mindfulness should be stopped thought motion or not motion in a one-pointed mind by meditation. In other words, emotions stop happening and observation occurs. You can go deeper and observe it more than you can in the distracted mind. Taoism recognizes the state of Xian tian. It is the state before emotions are in motion and the stage in which thoughts and consciousness does not occur. Song Dynasty Confucian scholars did not use the concept of not-birth because it is a concept of Buddhism and Taoism. Instead, they preferred to use the concept of wei-fa. So even if the concept of Xian tian is applied, there is a difference between the connotations. It is a new attempt to explain Hu Hong and Yi Tong as different reasons from Zhu Xi, not following Zhu Xi's distinction between Donam and Honam studies, but with the schematic of transcendental and intrinsic consciousness. However, it can be said that it is an arbitrary standard to try to explain that The Line of Ho Hong and Liu Zong Zhou is a part of Neo-Confucianism without understanding how to cultivate theory of Buddhism and Taoism.

GENCOM: An Expert System Mechanism of Genetic Algorithm based Cognitive Map Generator

Namho Lee,Namho Chung,Kun Chang Lee 한국지능정보시스템학회 2007 한국지능정보시스템학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2007 No.5월

기업용 S/W 판매전략 공유를 위한 인지지도 기반의 암묵지 관리 접근법

정남호(Namho Chung),이남호(Namho Lee),이건창(Kun Chang Lee) 한국경영과학회 2007 韓國經營科學會誌 Vol.32 No.4

Dramatic development of information technology requires new type of sales strategy to enterprise S/W dealers. That is, one should thoroughly consider diversified types of enterprise S/W and more elaborated consumer needs to establish successful sales strategy. However, various factors that should be considered in establishing enterprise S/W sales strategy are different according to types of enterprise S/W and hard to be managed systematically which led to the current situation where they have not been discussed enough. Therefore, this study introduced the relationship between the factors that affect selection of enterprise S/W using the concept of cognitive map on various enterprise S/W sales cases. Through this process, this study grouped the cognitive maps of similar cases to introduce their characteristics and made this result to be practically useful to enterprise S/W sales strategy.

유전자 알고리즘을 이용한 퍼지인식도 생성 메커니즘의 의사결정 효과성에 관한 실증연구

정남호(Namho Chung),이남호(Namho Lee),이건창(Kun Chang Lee) 한국경영과학회 2007 經營 科學 Vol.24 No.2

Fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) has long been used as an effective way of constructing the human's decision making process explicitly. By taking advantage of this feature, FCM has been extensively used in providing what-if solutions to a wide variety of business decision making problems. In contrast, the goal-seeking analysis mechanism by using the FCM is rarely observed in literature, which remains a research void in the fields of FCM. In this sense, this study proposes a new type of the FCM-based goal-seeking analysis which is based on utilizing the genetic algorithm. Its main recipe lies in the fact that the what-if analysis as well as goal-seeking analysis are enabled very effectively by incorporating the genetic algorithm into the FCM-driven inference process. To prove the empirical validity of the proposed approach, valid questionnaires were gathered from a number of experts on software sales, and analyzed statistically. Results showed that the proposed approach is robust and significant.

A Robust Load Sharing Control Scheme for Parallel-Connected Multi Systems

Namho Hur,Kwanghee Nam 제어로봇시스템학회 2000 제어로봇시스템학회 합동학술대회 논문집 Vol.2000 No.3

Examining the Relationship Between Social Networking Sites Use and Tourism Experience

Namho Chung,Tyan Inessa,Chulmo Koo 한국호텔외식관광경영학회 2015 한국호텔외식경영학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.- No.-

Nowadays more and more travelers are becoming active members of SNS and are tending to use SNS during different trip stages. Thus, SNS use allows their members to find a great variety of travel-related information, share travel experiences by posting various pictures, photos, and travel blogs, tag photos, and read and leave comments on network friends" posts. Getting tagged in the friends" photos or getting some positive comments, the travelers using SNS can perceive social support from both friends and other network members and obtain positive emotions triggering from the maintaining the relationship with family members and close friends or sharing opinions and ideas with people with similar interests. All this can change and shape the overall tourism experience of the travelers. The significance of this study can be understood in the light of scarcity of the studies on the relationship between SNS use and tourism experience. This research attempts to fill the gap in the understanding a SNS"s role in the tourism experience through investigating the mediating effects of perceived social support, positive emotions, and commitment. The study aims to provide theoretical contributions by shedding light on the comprehension of the importance of perceived social support, positive emotions, and commitment in the relationship between SNS use and tourism experience, as well as practical contributions by giving some clues for tourism marketers about an effective use of SNS in enhancing the overall tourism experience.

Effects of Shopping Value and Social Commerce Satisfaction on Purchase Intention : The Moderating Role of Impulsiveness and Innovativeness

Namho Chung,Hyo Geun Song,Chumlmo Koo 한국경영정보학회 2015 한국경영정보학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.8

Remotely Controlled Management on a Small Firewall Server Using a Virtual Server

NamHo Kim 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.9 No.3

This study suggests a firewall management method using a virtual server in order to allow a manager equipped with a smart phone not only to detect and prevent security threats but also to control firewalls anytime, anywhere. Recently, hackers’ threatening over security is constantly increasing, but companies or institutions operating a small PC server are exposed to a serious threat on security as they cannot afford to maintain manpower that can control it for 24 hours. As a solution for it, this study suggests a way to provide stable services and also save time and money by detecting an illegal access or intrusion at an early stage and reporting it to the server manager in a remote place via a smart phone so as to cope with it properly. For the solution proposed here, this researcher has designed and realized a system which conducts a pattern matching inspection on the packet using the virtual server and Aho-Corasick algorithm to monitor and detect an intrusion and can realize prompt safety management in a remote place with the system control that is realized by an android app.

Job Switch from the Private Sector to the Public Sector: Who Switches and What Do They Get?

Namho Kwon 서울행정학회 2018 서울행정학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2018 No.4

A Modified Model Reference Adaptive System for the Speed Identification of Induction Motors

Namho Hur,Kichul Hong,Kwanghee Nam 제어로봇시스템학회 1996 제어로봇시스템학회 국내학술대회 논문집 Vol.1 No.10