Allocation in Multi-way Stratification by Linear Programing

NamKung, Pyong,Choi, Jae-Hyuk 한국통계학회 2006 Communications for statistical applications and me Vol.13 No.2

Winkler (1990, 2001), Sitter and Skinner (1994), Wilson and Sitter (2002) present a method which applies linear programing to designing surveys with multi-way stratification, primarily in situation where the desired sample size is less than or only slightly larger than the total number of stratification cells. A comparison is made with existing methods both by illustrating the sampling schemes generated for specific examples, by evaluating sample mean, variance estimation, and mean squared errors, and by simulating sample mean for all methods. The computations required can, however, increase rapidly as the number of cells in the multi-way classification increase. In this article their approach is applied to multi-way stratification using real data.

Primary Productivity of Phytoplankton at the Eutrophic down Reach of a Regulated River (the Han River, Korea)

Namkung, Hyun,Hwang, Gil Son,Kim, Bom Chul,Kim, Kap Soo 한국육수학회 2001 생태와 환경 Vol.34 No.4

수도권의 중심부를 가로지르는 한강의 하류수역은 조수의 영향을 받을 수 있는 하구의 상단부에 위치해 있다. 한강 하류수역은 한강 종합개발사업의 일환으로 이루어진 준설과 수중보 건설에 의해서 강물이 정체되었으며, 또한 지천으로부터 유입되는 많은 오염물질에 의해서 식물플랑크톤의 대량 발생을 촉진할 수 있는 환경으로 변화되었다. 본 연구에서는 부영양한 한강 하류수역에서 식물플랑크톤의 1차생산을 측정하였으며, 더불어 내부생성유기물과 외부기원유기물을 산정하였다. 1차생산력은 C-14 uptake법과 P-I 모델법으로 측정하였다. 1차생산력의 범위는 140∼4,890 mgC m^-2 day^-1(중앙값 1,865 mgC m^-2 day^-1)이었으며, 국내의 부영양한 호수와 유사한 수준이었다. 식물플랑크톤의 생물량 변동은 봄철에 최대치를 보였으며, 유량의 변화와 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 외부기원유기물은 여름철 홍수기를 제외한 연중 내내 지천을 통하여 유입되는 오염물질에 의해서 좌우되었다. 총 유기물 부하량에 대하여 식물플랑크톤의 1차생산이 차지하는 기여도는 40.9%로서, 유수 생태계로서는 높은 수준이었다. The downstream reach of the Han River adjoining Seoul in Korea was the upper boundary of an estuary where tidal effect on the flow rate could be exerted. According to the comprehensive river regulation project, the river was channelized and impounded by two overflow dams, which provided favorable condition for algal growth in this sewage polluted eutrophic reach. In this study primary productivity of phytoplankton was measured in the down reach and the autochthonous and allochthonous organic carbon loadings were estimated. Primary production of phytoplankton measured by C-14 uptake and P-I model method ranged from 140 to 4,890 mgC m^-2 d^-1 (median value 1,865 mgC m^-2 d^-1) showing the level of eutrophic lakes. Phytoplankton density that varied according to water flow rate was highest in spring. Allochthonous organic carbon loading was dominated by sewage input through tributaries in most of days except flood flow period. The average proportion of autochthonous carbon generation by phytoplankton was 40.9%, which is very high proportion for a lotic habitat.

The Spider Fauna of Gyeongju National Park, Korea

NamKung, Joon,Choi, Yong-Gun,Shin, Hee-Kwan,Yoo, Sea-Hee national science museum of korea 2008 Journal of Korean nature Vol.1 No.1

The authors has investigated spider fauna of Gyeongju National Park in Gyeongsangbuk-do of Korea from Apr. 2007 to Aug. 2007. The results are as follows: (1) In this report, 192 species of 105 genera belonging to 29 families of spiders have been collected at Gyeongju, National Park, Korea. (2) 178 (92.7%) species are newly added to the fauna of Gyeongju, National Park, Korea. (3) The spider fauna of Gyeongju National Park are composed of 32 northern species (16.7%), 6 southern species (3.1%), 4 Cosmopolitan species (2.1%), 19 Palaearctic temperate speies (9.9%) and 6 Korea endemic species (3.1%). (4) The predominant species of Gyeongju National Park area are known to Araneidae (16.1%), Salticidae (13.5%), Theridiidae (9.4%), Linyphiidae (8.9%), Thomisidae (7.8%) in number. (5) The dominant species of Gyeongju National Park area are showed as Achaearnea tepidariorum, Pholcus extumidus, Neriene nigripectoris, Pardosa astrigera, Pirata procurvus. (6) The common species to comparative with foreign countries are as follows: Gyeongju National Park / China 170 species (88.5%) Gyeongju National Park / Japan 168 species (87.5%) Gyeongju National Park / Russia 116 species (60.4%) Gyeongju National Park / Europe 29 species (15.1%) Gyeongju National Park / America 10 species (5.2%).

Association of polymorphisms in genes encoding IL‐4, IL‐13 and their receptors with atopic dermatitis in a Korean population

Namkung, Jung‐,Hyun,Lee, Jong‐,Eun,Kim, Eugene,Kim, Hyun‐,Je,Seo, Eun‐,Young,Jang, Hye‐,Yoon,Shin, Eun‐,Soon,Cho, Eun‐,Young,Yang, Jun‐,Mo Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Experimental dermatology Vol.20 No.11

<P><B>Abstract: </B> Th2‐dominated immune responses are believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). IL‐4 and IL‐13 are typical pleiotropic Th2 cytokines that play a central role in IgE‐dependent inflammatory reactions. Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL‐4 and IL‐13 have been reported in patients with allergic disease from numerous countries. Gene–gene interactions among genes have been identified in patients with asthma, although negative results have been reported. To investigate the associations of SNPs in these genes and the interactions between these genes in AD, we genotyped 23 SNPs of the IL‐4, IL‐13, IL‐4R, IL‐13Rα1 and IL‐13Rα2 genes for 1089 case‐control samples (631 AD patients and 458 controls) and analysed the SNPs and haplotypes in these genes. We also searched for gene–gene interactions among these five genes. Our data identified an association between rs3091307 and rs20541 in the IL‐13 gene and between rs2265753 and rs2254672 in the IL‐13Rα1 gene and the AD phenotype. In particular, three of the four SNPs were especially predictive of the allergic type of AD (ADe), and the haplotype TCGG in the IL‐13Rα1 gene showed significant association with AD, especially ADe. Furthermore, the combination of rs3091307 GG/ rs2265753 GG (IL‐13/IL‐13Rα1) conveyed a significantly higher risk for developing ADe. However, we did not identify any SNPs in the IL‐4, IL‐4R and IL‐13Rα2 genes that were associated with AD. As IL‐13Rα1 is most likely expressed in Th17 cells rather than in Th2 cells, these data suggest diversity in the classification of Th cells that needs to be verified in future studies.</P>

Understanding non-classical correlation using optical hybrid states in noisy quantum channels

Namkung, Min,Kwon, Younghun IOP 2018 JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL Vol.51 No.45

<P>In this article we investigate the non-classical correlation in a macroscopic physical system. As a tool, we consider an optical hybrid state that is a micro–macro entangled state. Our strategy is to study the behavior of non-classical correlation in an optical hybrid state that may go through noisy channels. We study the violation of two inequalities, which are the CHSH-inequality and the (generalized) CHSH-like-inequality, as measures of non-classical correlation. First, we find that when on/off or parity measurements are used for the side of the coherent state in an optical hybrid state, the violation of the CHSH-inequality is the same as that of the (generalized) CHSH-like-inequality. Second, we see that each measurement provides a different value of violation of (generalized) CHSH-inequality when it is an optical hybrid state that goes through noisy channels. A suprising result is that the on/off measurement can provide a violation of CHSH-inequality (or (generalized) CHSH-like-inequality) for an optical hybrid state with any amount of colored noise. This implies that colored noise cannot break the non-classical correlation in an optical hybrid state.</P>

A New Species of Cave Dwelling Grylloblattoidea (Grylloblattidae) from Korea

Namkung, Joon 한국곤충학회 1974 Korean journal of entomology Vol.4 No.1

원시무시곤충으로 주목되고 있는 Grylloblattoidea는 1914년 E.M. Walker가 최초로 발표한 이래, 북미각지에서 7종.2아종, 일본에서 5종, Siberia에서 1종이 기재된 바 있으나 우리나라에서는 아직껏 밝혀진 바가 없다. 저자는 1966년 6월 보한강상류인 정선군 비룡동굴에서 완전한 1성웅을 채집한 바 있어 여기에 Gallcisiana biryongensis(비룡갈르와 벌레)로 명명 기재한다. 본종은 다양색.무안.체장 34mm로 기지의 어느 것보다도 대형종이다. 대체적구조는 일본산 Galloisiana nipponensis에 닮으나 제10복배판 끝 Supra-anal plate가 둔만년필촉과 같이 무듸게 되며, 북미종과는 부절욕반이 있음에서 외관상으로도 분명히 구별된다. 본종의 중요 표징은 다음과 같다. (1) 두부는 편본하고 폭이 약간 넓은 원형으로 두개선이 명료하고, 복안은 퇴화되었으나 강대한 안부강모가 나있다. (2) 전흉배는 저대한 정방형, 중흉배는 전변이 좁은 제형, 후흉배는 전변이 약천 좁은 제형으로 각 측연과 중앙부에 불규칙한 강모가 나있다. (3) 복배판은 제4, 5절이 최대이며, 각 절의 하변에 8개, 측연에 1개씩의 강모가 정열하며 제10배판 끝은 순한 만년필촉 꼴로 일견 2분 된 듯한 감을 준다. (4) 미모는 9절로 되며, 각 말단부에 3,4재의 장강모가 나 있고, 미세 투명한 긴 감각모가 보인다. (5) 보각은 완장하며 부절욕반이 명료하다. (6) 웅생식기관은 복잡한 구조를 갖추며, 복지는 좌우비대칭으로 좌지는 폭광인 ?꼴이고, 우지는 장삼각형으로 기부끝에 투명한 단추꼴 돌기가 보인다. (7) 대형의 주름진 반전낭이 우음경엽부에서 돌출하고 있으며, 비교적 완장한 주음경과 부음경이 보인다.

Multilateral approaches for investigation of particle stickiness of coal ash at low temperature fouling conditions

Namkung, Hueon,Kim, Hyung-Taek,Wang, Fuchen,Lin, Kuangfei,Yu, Guangsuo Springer-Verlag 2017 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.34 No.12

<P>Particle stickiness is a key parameter for increasing ash deposition in gasification process. We conducted multilateral investigations to evaluate particle stickiness of coal ash at low temperature fouling conditions through Watt and Fereday's viscosity model, dilatometry (DIL) and laser flash apparatus (LFA) technique. Seventeen coals were employed for ash deposition experiments under gasification condition through drop tube furnace (DTF). The low viscosity not only led to increasing ash deposition behavior, but also increasing the particle size of deposited ash. From DIL analysis, the ash sintering behavior increased with increasing temperature due to increase of particle stickiness. The high amount of Fe2O3, CaO and MgO components resulted in low sintering temperature and high reduction of physical length. Through LFA analysis, the thermal conductivity increased with increasing temperature, because of increasing particle stickiness. In addition, its value was correlated with the propensity of common fouling indices.</P>

Prediction of coal fouling using an alternative index under the gasification condition

Namkung, H.,Xu, L.H.,Kang, T.J.,Kim, D.S.,Kwon, H.B.,Kim, H.T. Applied Science Publishers 2013 APPLIED ENERGY Vol.102 No.-

Coal gasification was carried out in order to verify the coal fouling tendency in the drop tube furnace (DTF), which can simulate an entrained-bed gasifier. Thirteen pulverized coal samples, in the range of bituminous and sub-bituminous, were utilized, and compared, with predictions using a wide range of empirical indices. Large discrepancies were noted in most cases, with respect to experimental results, ash deposition rates, and different indices. Some indices used for anticipating fouling tendency are not co-related with the results of this experiment. A newly approached index, which is especially important considering the diffusivity parameter, looks at the ratio of acid and alkali mineral matters injected into gasifier and heat flux, indicates that traditional expressions are modified to account for other parameters which influence the ash deposition phenomenon. The alternative index resulted in improved correlations between predictions and experimental observations.

A New Species of Galloisiana (Grylloblattidae) from Kosudong-gul Cave in Korea

Namkung, Joon 한국곤충학회 1974 Korean journal of entomology Vol.4 No.2

한국의 동굴에서 Galloisiana가 종종 발견되지만 그 성숙한 자웅을 얻기는 힘든다. 저자는 1973年 겨울 남한강상류인 충북 단양군 고수동굴에서 성숙한 1♂, 1♀을 얻었다. 이는 지난번 발표한 Galloisiana biryongensis 전혀 다른 신종으로 밝혀졌으므로 이에 기재발표한다. 본종의 중요표징은 다음과 같다. (1) 몸길이 약 22mm의 중형종으로 뚜렷한 겹눈을 가지며 더듬이는 46-47마디이고, 그 셋째마디는 둘째마디의 약 3배의 길이이다. (3) 앞가슴판의 목피부판(The first cervical sclerite) 윗쪽 가에 4재적의 센털이 정열한다. (3) ♂의 제10배등판끝인 Supra-annal plate는 좌측이 일그러진 삼각형 꼴로 그 끝이 순하고 안쪽으로 굽어 있다. (4) 수생식기관의 바른쪽 원밑마디 (coxopodite)의 밑부끝에 투명한 단추꼴 돌기가 있으나 숨겨져 있어 외관상 잘 보이지 않는다. (5) 반전상 (Eveersible sac)은 작으며 음경의 양 모퉁이가 뿔꼴로 돌출하고 옆에는 갈구리꼴의 가시돌기가 있다. (6) 산란관의 상란관 끝은 미모의 제4마디의 $\frac{3}{4}$에 이르며, 그 밑부로부터 2/15 되는곳에 중란관의 밑부가 있다.

Bibliographic Check list of Korean Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) ver. 2010

NamKung, Joon,Yoo, Jung-Sun,Lee, Sue-Yeon,Lee, Joon-Ho,Paek, Woon-Kee,Kim, Seung-Tae national science museum of korea 2009 Journal of Korean nature Vol.2 No.3

A bibliographic checklist of Korean spiders from the 1956 checklist by Paik and Kim is presented, with a complete bibliography of the relevant Korean araneological literature. For the period of 1907-2009, a total of 507 publications on the spiders were extensively searched and records of taxonomic descriptions were included. Records are listed only from the locations within the present borders of South Korea. A total of 681 species of 258 genera belonging to 46 families were confirmed to exist in Korea. Twenty species, namely Pholcus pojeonensis, Pholcus kwangkyosanensis, Pholcus parkyeonensis, Dysdera crocata, Miagrammopes coreensis, Parasteatoda culicivora, Spheropistha melanosoma, Bathyphantes major, Araneus viperifer, Larinia onoi, Neoscona holmi, Pardosa isago, Pardosa monticola, Trochosa spinipalpis, Anahita samplexa, Cheiracanthium lascivum, Cheiracanthium eutittha, Clubiona japonica, Rhene myunghwani, and Sitticus sinensis, whose distribution or existence within the Korean border were uncertain and did not meet the requirements for valid records were excluded from the present list following critical validation. Sixteen species, namely, Clubiona bakurovi, Clubiona corrugata, Clubiona hummeli, Clubiona komissarovi, Clubiona kulczynskii, Clubiona microsapporensis, Clubiona orientalis, Clubiona paralena, Clubiona propinqua, Clubiona proszynskii, Clubiona sapporensis, Mendoza nobilis, Pseudicius koreanus, Sibianor nigriculus, Sitticus penicilloides, and Yllenus coreanus, which have been described or reported to exist in North Korea were listed separately from the present list. From the zoogeographical distribution, Korean spider fauna was found to be influenced by northern species, including 35 Holarctic and 67 Palearctic species, which account for 14.9% of the total number of species. Korean endemic species include 131 species, which account for 19.2% of the total number. Among neighboring countries, Korean spiders are most similar to those found in Japan. This list (ver. 2010) will be revised periodically after this version.