노백헌 정재규의 주리적 심학의 형성 과정 - 한주학단과의 교유를 중심으로 -

김낙진 ( Kim Nak-jin ) 한국철학사연구회 2021 한국 철학논집 Vol.0 No.68

기정진의 3대 고제 중 한 사람으로 평가되는 정재규는 이이의 이기론을 주기적으로 해석한 전통에 반대하고 주리론적 해석을 제창하였으나, 여전히 이이의 주기철학이 주력했던 극기의 정신에 충실하던 기정진의 가르침을 받았다. 또 이진상 및 그의 문인들과 교유하면서 주리 철학의 영향도 받았다. 이진상과 기정진의 학문은 이황과 이이에게로 연원이 소급되는 것이었기에, 두 전통 있는 학문정신을 결합한 것이 그의 학문이다. 그의 학문은 역동적인 과정의 산물임을 가정하고, 본고는 성립 과정을 해명하는 데 목표를 둔다. Ⅱ장에서는 명덕 논의에 있던 퇴계학과 이진상, 기정진의 견해 차이를 경험했던 정재규의 고뇌를 짐작해 본다. Ⅲ장에서는 서신 토론을 통해 이진상이 그에게 피력했던 지각론의 내용을 살핀다. Ⅳ장에서는 이진상의 학설을 수용하면서도 기정진의 학문정신을 결합하여 새롭게 사상의 체계를 가다듬었음을 밝힌다. Ⅴ장에서는 그런 결합이 지닌 철학적, 시대적 의미를 추정해 본다. One of Ki Jeong-jin's three great disciples was Jeong Jae-gyu. He received the teaching of Ki Jeong-jin, who was faithful to the spirit contained in Yi I's Juki philosophy. In addition, he also was influenced by the philosophy of Juri while interacting with Yi Jin-sang and his students. Because the scholarships of Yi Jin-sang and Ki Jeong-jin were traced back to Yi Hwang and Yi I, he establishes new mind philosophy, which combines these two contradictory traditions. This paper assumes that his scholarship was the product of a dynamic process, and aims to explain the formation process. In Chapter Ⅱ, I guess Jeong Jae-gyu's agony. It is presumed that he was troubled among several theories in illustrious virtue theory. In Chapter Ⅲ, I explain the theory of perception that Yi Jin-sang revealed toward him. In Chapter Ⅳ, I explain that while accepting the theory of Yi Jin-sang, he did not abandon the academic spirit of Ki Jeong-jin. In Chapter Ⅴ, I estimated the philosophical and periodic meaning of such a combination.

계남(溪南) 최숙민(崔琡民)의 교유(交遊)와 학술 토론

김낙진 ( Nak Jin Kim ) 율곡학회 2010 율곡학연구 Vol.21 No.-

영남의 남인 출신 유학자인 최숙민은 호남의 노론 율곡학자인 奇正鎭의 문하생이다. 본래 心身의 문제에 관심을 갖고 있었던 그는 기정진의 문도가 된 이후 理主氣僕의 철학과 겉으로 드러나는 현상보다는 이면의 원인을 이해하여야 한다는 학문 방법을 배웠다. 스승의 견해에 바탕을 두고 영남에서 유행하던 심설을 결합함으로써 순선한 본심의 측면을 강조하는 心卽理說을 받아들였다. 이것에 合理氣說을 더함으로써 心氣를 경계해 마지않던 전통적인 학문 정신도 수용하였다. 그는 이런 학설을 스스로 연구하였지만, 또한 견해가 상통하는 학자들과의 교유를 통해 문제의식과 이해의 정도를 심화시켜 나갔다. 학문 연원을 같이 하는 노사학단의 동문들은 물론 활동공간을 같이 한 한주학파의 학자들, 경기도에서 활동한 화서학파의 학자들이 그의 학문적 동료들이었다. 이들과 위정척사 의식을 함께 소유하며 마음의 본질에 관한 주리적 학설을 공유한다. 당쟁으로 얼룩진 과거를 반성하면서 학파와 당파를 떠난 단합을 도모하던 이들이 공유하려던 정신이 이것이다. 따라서 지금까지 한말 위정척사의 학자들이 주리론적 견해를 공동 소유한다고 보았던 논의를 세밀하게 가다듬으면 본심에 관한 주리론적 해석을 공유한다고 말할 수 있다. 이것이야말로 유학의 세계가 영속하기를 바라던 이들이 의리의 정신으로 외세에 맞서 투쟁하고, 나라가 망하더라도 유학의 도를 언젠가는 회복할 수 있다는 가능성을 확인하는 최종 근거였다. Choi Sook Min who his family were belonged to South Party was a disciple of Ki Jeong Jin. He originally take an interest in the problem of Mind and Body. He learned the spirit of Li ju Ki bok(the theory that Li is supervisor, conversely Ki is servant) and the method of study that attach importance to the inside cause of the present condition. As the result, he received the theory of Sim jeuk Li(Li is the important content fact, and Ki is only assistance in Mind). Moreover he added the theory of Sim hap Li Ki(Mind is composed of Li and Ki), so he inherited the spirit that kept a strict watch on Mind. He went deep into this study by oneself, and deepened the theory through academic exchange with congenial scholars. His academic partners were the fellow students who studied under the same teacher, scholars belonged to Hanju school and Hwaseo school. They held in common the consciousness of Wijeong-Cheoksa(the ideas on the preservation of true science and the expulsion of wickedness) and the theory of essential Mind undersood by an angle of Ju-li-ron. They criticized the history of disunion and hostility provoked by party strife in late Cho-sun, so they devised union of Confucianism world. The basis of union was the theory of essential Mind. It was the ultimate foundation of struggle against foreign power and the recovery of Confucian Tao.

Slide Session : OS-IFD-07 ; Infectious Disease : In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Ribavirin Against Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus

( Myung Jin Lee ),( Kye Hyung Kim ),( Jong Youn Yi ),( Su Jin Choi ),( Chung Jong Kim ),( Nak Hyun Kim ),( Kyoung Ho Song ),( Pyoeng Gyun Choi ),( Ji Hwan Bang ),( Wan Beom Park ),( Eu Suk Kim ),( San 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Ribavirin Against Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Myung Jin LEE1, Kye-Hyung KIM1, Jongyoun YI2, SuJin CHOI1, Chung-Jong KIM1, Nak- Hyun KIM1, Kyoung-Ho SONG1, Pyoeng Gyun CHOI1, Ji-Hwan BANG1, Wan Beom PARK1, Eu Suk KIM1, Sang-Won PARK1, Hong Bin KIM1, Nam Joong KIM1, Myoung- Don OH1 Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea1, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Korea2 Background: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by a novel Bunyavirus, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV). No effective antiviral therapy is proven yet, but clinical use of ribavirin (RBV) has been tried. We investigated the antiviral effect of RBV against SFTSV in vitro. Methods: To test for cytotoxicity of RBV, Vero cells were treated with different concentrations of RBV (3.90 to 500 μg/mL, two-fold dilution) and analyzed by cell viability MTS assay 48h post-infection. To determine antiviral activity of RBV against SFTSV, Vero cells were infected with SFTSV strain Gangwon/Korea/2012 at 100 TCID50 (50% tissue culture infective dose) per well in a 96-well plate, and RBV was added at the concentrations showing no or minimal cytotoxicity. Viral RNAs were extracted from the culture supernatants and quantifi ed using one-step real-time reverse transcription- PCR to amplify the partial large segment of SFTSV. Statistical analysis was done by one-way ANOVA with Tukey`s post hoc test. Results: Cytotoxicity due to RBV was not observed at RBV concentration =31.3 μg/ mL. Viral RNAs at 24h post-RBV treatment were reduced with increasing RBV concentrations (1-32 μg/mL), compared with those of mock-treated cells (P <0.01, Figure). Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of RBV was 3.69 μg/mL at 24h post-RBV treatment. Conclusions: Our study shows that RBV has antiviral effect against SFTSV in a dose-dependent manner. Further studies are required to evaluate the effi cacy of RBV in SFTS.

Mechanism of the natural product moracin-O derived MO-460 and its targeting protein hnRNPA2B1 on HIF-1α inhibition

Soung, Nak-Kyun,Kim, Hye-Min,Asami, Yukihiro,Kim, Dong Hyun,Cho, Yangrae,Naik, Ravi,Jang, Yerin,Jang, Kusic,Han, Ho Jin,Ganipisetti, Srinivas Rao,Cha-Molstad, Hyunjoo,Hwang, Joonsung,Lee, Kyung Ho,Ko, Nature Publishing Group UK 2019 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.51 No.2

<▼1><P>Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) mediates tumor cell adaptation to hypoxic conditions and is a potentially important anticancer therapeutic target. We previously developed a method for synthesizing a benzofuran-based natural product, (R)-(-)-moracin-O, and obtained a novel potent analog, MO-460 that suppresses the accumulation of HIF-1α in Hep3B cells. However, the molecular target and underlying mechanism of action of MO-460 remained unclear. In the current study, we identified heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2B1 (hnRNPA2B1) as a molecular target of MO-460. MO-460 inhibits the initiation of HIF-1α translation by binding to the C-terminal glycine-rich domain of hnRNPA2B1 and inhibiting its subsequent binding to the 3’-untranslated region of <I>HIF-1α</I> mRNA. Moreover, MO-460 suppresses HIF-1α protein synthesis under hypoxic conditions and induces the accumulation of stress granules. The data provided here suggest that hnRNPA2B1 serves as a crucial molecular target in hypoxia-induced tumor survival and thus offer an avenue for the development of novel anticancer therapies.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Cancer: How a plant metabolite analog suppresses tumor growth</B></P><P>A synthetic analog of a chemical found in fruit suppresses tumor growth by targeting an RNA-binding protein (hnRNPA2B1) and preventing the production of a pro-cancer regulatory factor. Nak-Kyun Soung from the Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea, and coworkers built on their previous discovery that a compound derived from a medicinal plant metabolite can suppress the activity of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). This protein, which is involved in many aspects of cancer biology, is activated in the low-oxygen microenvironments found inside tumors. The researchers show that the compound binds to a protein that helps with the conversion of HIF-1α–encoding RNA transcripts into HIF-1α proteins. Liver cancer cells treated with the compound grew slowly and produced less HIF-1α under both normal and low-oxygen culture conditions, highlighting the potential of this anti-cancer strategy.</P></▼2>

허유의 심설 토론과 갈등의 양상

김낙진 ( Kim Nak-jin ) 한국철학사연구회 2021 한국 철학논집 Vol.- No.70

본고는 19세기 후반기 인물인 허유가 이진상의 학문을 수용하고 주변 인물들과의 토론을 통해 학술을 심화하는 과정을 살펴본 글이다. 처음에 집중 논의된 내용을 보면 이들은 이진상의 삼간법을 공부하면서, 수간법에 따라 마음의 본질을 인식하는 방법을 이해해갔다. 이것에 동의하는지에 따라, 동조자와 비판자로 갈라선다. 허유는 비판자가 된 최정기와 「심통성정」 중·하도 특히 중도의 종지에 관해 토론했다. 하도가 호발론에 적용되는 분개법에 의한 도설이라는 점에서는 이견이 없었다. 이에 비해 중도는 하도에서 분개된 마음과 감정의 선한 것들이 어떤 공통점을 가지는가를 다룬 도설이었다. 최정기가 김흥락을 따라 ‘본성에 근본한다’는 공통점만을 보았다면, 허유는 이진상을 따라 리발(理發)을 공통점으로 보았다. 이들의 입장 차이는 수간법의 인정 여부에 있었는데, 그 배후에는 리의 주재와 기의 역할에 대한 상이한 인식이 있었다. 호발론적 사고의 가치를 굳게 믿는 퇴계학자들과 그것만으로는 가치혼란의 시대에 대응할 수 없으므로 수간법에 의한 대본 정립이 필요하다는 한주학단의 판단 차이에서 논쟁이 일어났다. Heo Yu accepted Yi Jin-sang's study and refined it through discussions with colleagues. This paper, which studied the process of his discussion activities, first examined what he and his colleagues tried to know among the theories of Yi Jin-sang. Looking at what was discussed at the outset, they studied how to recognize the essence of the mind according to the three observation methods(三 看法). Depending on their pros and cons, they became either sympathizers or critics. In succession with Choi Jeong-gi who became a critic, Heo Yu discussed the purpose of the middle and bottom diagram included in the Diagram about ‘mind governs nature and feelings’, especially the middle. There was no disagreement in that bottom diagram was a picture drawn by an analytical method. On the other hand, the middle diagram was a narrative explaining the commonalities of good minds and good emotions with different processes of origin. While Choi Jeong-gi saw only the commonality of the fact that good arises from nature, Heo Yu followed Lee Jin-sang and saw the fact that Li creates goodness(理發) as a common point. Their differences of opinion arose in the pros and cons of the new method of recognizing essence. Behind it, there was a different perception of Li domination and the role of Qi.

이진상의 「심즉리설」에 대한 조긍섭과 전우의 비판

김낙진 ( Kim Nak-jin ) 한국철학사연구회 2020 한국 철학논집 Vol.0 No.64

이진상의 「심즉리설」이 저술되고 나서 지역적 기반이 같던 퇴계학자들과의 토론이 전개되었다. 그가 사망하고 문집이 간행되자 그의 이론은 영남 이외의 지역에까지 알려져 비난의 대상이 되었다. 이 과정에서 쓰인 두 편의 비판적인 논문이 조긍섭의 「독한주이씨심즉리설」과 전우의 「이씨심즉리설조변」이다. 전자는 퇴계학파, 후자는 율곡학파의 견해를 대변한다. 토의가 늘 생산적이었던 것은 아니다. 대상의 견해에 대한 무지도 있었고, 기존의 유사 이론에 대한 전통적인 비판도 경험 또는 선입견으로 작용하여 이해의 증진을 저해하였다. 그럼에도 불구하고 본고는 이들의 논란에서 드러나는 입장의 차이와 논변의 타당성을 검토하고, 나아가서는 왜 이런 논쟁이 전개되었는지를 설명해 본다. 구체적으로는 이진상의 심즉기 이해가 잘못되었음을 비판하는 가운데 드러나는 비판자 양인의 마음 이해의 동일성, 심즉리를 비판하는 양인의 입장 차이, 논쟁의 이유인 심법에 관한 삼인의 견해 차이를 비교한다. After the writing of Yi Jin-sang's article on Sim jeuk Li, discussions with young-nam scholars who had the same regional basis progressed. After his death, his anthology was published and his unique theory became known widely, so scholars from other schools joined the band of criticism. In the process, two critical papers were written by Cho Geung sup and Jeon Woo. The former represented Toegye school's academic view, the latter represented Yulgok school's. The discussion was not always productive. One reason was ignorance of the other's views. Traditional criticism of similar theories has also worked as a prejudice. Nevertheless, this paper intends to examine the validity of the arguments and the differences of positions revealed in these controversies. Finally, I will explain why this debate has evolved.

기름골 기름의 산화안정성 및 지방산조성

송진,방진기,박희운,박충범,성낙술 한국국제농업개발학회 2003 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.15 No.1

착유방법을 달리하여 얻은 기름골 기름을 37℃와 60℃에서 저장 중 산화안정성을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 저장 중 기름의 산가는 기간이 경과함에 따라 증가하였는데, 37℃에서 저장한 것보다 60℃에서 저장한 것이 높게 나타났고, 유기용매로 추출한 기름의 산가가 가장 높았다. 2. 저장 중 기름의 과산화물가는 37℃에서 저장한 기름의 경우 점차적인 증가를 보이다 저장 120일 이후 급격한 증가를 보이고 150일 이후 다시 감소하는 경향을 나타내었고, 60℃에서 저장한 기름은 37℃에서 저장한 기름보다 같은 저장기간에서 과산화물가 더 높게 나타났고, 그 경향은 저장 210일째까지 증가가 지속되어졌다. 3. 지방산은 oleic acid가 가장 주된 지방산으로 존재하고 있었고, 지방산은 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 palmitic acid, stearic acid, linolenic acid에서 근소한 증가와 oleic acid, linoleic acid는 약간의 감소 경향을 보였으나 저장에 따른 뚜렷한 변화는 볼 수 없었다. This study was carried out to investigate the oxidative stability and fatty acid composition during storage of chufa oil. Chufa oil was roasted at 170℃, 150℃, non-roasting or solvent extracting and stored at 37℃ or 60℃. The acid value and peroxide value of chufa oil at 60℃ were higher than their at 37℃. The acid value of chufa oil showed the trend of increase in all the samples and that of solvent-extracted oil was the highest during the storage period. The peroxide value of oils was gradually increase on the 120th day but significantly increased between 120th and 150th day. Oleic acid was the major fatty acid in chufa oil. Palmitic acid, stearic acid and linolenic acid increase and oleic acid and linoleic acid decreased during storage period. They were changed slightly and the obvious differents were not observed according to storage period.

폐굴껍질 및 천연제올라이트 연속흡착탑을 이용한 피혁폐수 중의 유기물·질소제거 특성

정유진,하상안,최성문,성낙창,임영석 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 2001 硏究報告 Vol.24 No.1

The object of this study is to remove the nitrogen from tannery wastewater using waste oyster shells and natural zeolites. In many cases, components of industrial process wastewater are non-readily biodegradable, but can be effectively removed from wastewater by means of adsorption process. The technologies of removing nitrogen, considered as one of the most important control nutrients causing eutrophication in various water bodies, have been investigated by many researchers. Through the continuous adsorption experience, waste oyster shells have effects to control COD and pH rising. And natural zeolites are found to have the good ability to adsorb NH₄^(+) ion in the wastewater. As a result of this study, continuous adsorption column filled with oyster shells and natural zeolite, especially the ratio of 1 : 2 by volume, is found to be effective in nitrogen removal and economic aspect.

TMA-물계 포접화합물의 과냉각 억제에 대한 연구

김진홍,정낙규,김창오 朝鮮大學校 機械技術硏究所 2006 機械技術硏究 Vol.9 No.1

This study aims to find out cooling characteristics of TMA(Tri-Methyl-Amine, (CH₃)₃N) 25wt%-clathrate compound with ethanol(CH₃CH₂0H) such as supercooling, phase change temperature and specific heat. For this purpose, ethanol is added as per weight concentration and cooling experiment is performed at -6∼-8℃, cooling heat source temperature, and it leads the following result. (1) Phase change temperature is decreased due to freezing point depression phenomenon. Especially, it is minimized as 3.8 ℃ according to cooling source temperature in case that 0.5wt% of ethanol is added. (2) If 0.5wt% of ethanol is added, average supercooling degree is 0.9℃ and minimum supercooling is 0.8, 0.7℃ according to cooling heat source temperature. The restraint effect of supercooling is shown. (3) Specific heat shows tendency to decrease if ethanol is added. It is 3.013∼3.048 kJ/kgK according to cooling heat source temperature if 0.5wt% of ethanol is added. Phase change temperature higher than that of water and inhibitory effect against supercooling can be confirmed through experimental study on cooling characteristics of TMA 25wt%-water clathrate compound by adding additive, ethanol. This can lead to shorten refrigerator operation time of low temperature thermal storage system and improve COP of refrigerator and efficiency of overall system. Therefore energy can be saved and efficiency can be improved much more.

폐자원을 이용한 염색폐수의 색도제거

정유진,김은호,성낙창 진주산업대학교 환경문제연구소 1998 環境硏究論文集 Vol.1 No.-

In point of waste resources, this study was performed to investigate the adsorption possibility of color contained in dying wastewater, evaluate the adsorption efficiency of waste resources for color comparing with the activated carbon, and examinate the recycling possibility as a substitute. Considering Alum as a coagulant for removing color, because high Al_2O_3 was contained in peat, we could know that peat was capable of removing color. In we reflected the adsorption capacity(k) and adsorption intensity(1/n) of Freundlich isotherm, we couldn't consider peat as a good adsorbent for removing color and peat could look forward to an expected economical effect.