문명의 대전환과 종교의 역할

백낙청(Paik Nak-Chung) 원광대학교 원불교사상연구원 2016 원불교사상과 종교문화 Vol.69 No.-

본고는 오늘날 한국뿐 아니라 전세계적으로 제기되는 ‘대전환’ 요구의 성격을 검토하면서. 한국사회의 당면 문제들이 한반도 분단체제의 맥락에서 검토될 필요를 지적하고 나아가 전지구적인 대변혁과 연결하고자 한다. 이를 위해 맑스와 하이데거의 논의를 참고한다. 이어서 새로운 종교의 필요성을 명시적으로 제기한 로베르토 웅거의 『 미래의 종교』를 비판적으로 검토함으로써 본고의 입장을 한층 구체화한다. 원불교는 동학 이래의 후천개벽사상을 계승하는 동시에 불법을 주체로 삼은 새로운 세계종교를 지향했다. 그런데 그것이 제창하는 깨달음은 전통불교에서와 달리 ‘물질개벽’이라는 시대상황에 부응하는 ‘정신개벽’이다. 따라서 물질개벽시대에 대해서도 각별한 연마가 필요하며, 취사 곧 실천을 중시하는 교리를 현실에 맡게 적용해야 하고, 교단주의에 흐르는 일을 경계해야 한다. 본고는 원불교의 정신개벽운동에 대한 이러한 인식을 바탕으로 그 운동이 제기한 남녀평등, 정교동심 등 과제의 세계적인 함의를 점검하는 작업을 수행한다. This paper examines the nature of a ‘great turning’ many nowadays demand both in Korea and worldwide. The problems of South Korea need to be considered in the context of the peninsula’s division system, but also in relation to the task of global transformation. For this Marx and Heidegger provide helpful insights. The discussion then focuses on Roberto Unger’s The Religion of the Future , mainly as an expedient to clarify the paper’s own position. Won-Buddhism carries on the tradition of thoughts on ‘Late Day Great Opening(huch’ ŏn kaebyŏk )’ which emerged in Korea in midnineteenth century, but also adopts Buddhism as its main tenet. However, the enlightenment it expounds, unlike in traditional Buddhism, is characterized as a ‘Great Opening of spirit’ that specifically corresponds to the ‘Great Opening of matter’ of the times. Hence a close study of the age of ‘Great Opening of matter’ becomes important, along with the need to apply the doctrinal emphasis on praxis to current reality, while guarding against the danger of falling into an Order-centered mentality. The paper concludes by examining the global relevance of a few of Won-Buddhist teachings such as gender equality and ‘government and religion of one mind’.

Mechanism of the natural product moracin-O derived MO-460 and its targeting protein hnRNPA2B1 on HIF-1α inhibition

Soung, Nak-Kyun,Kim, Hye-Min,Asami, Yukihiro,Kim, Dong Hyun,Cho, Yangrae,Naik, Ravi,Jang, Yerin,Jang, Kusic,Han, Ho Jin,Ganipisetti, Srinivas Rao,Cha-Molstad, Hyunjoo,Hwang, Joonsung,Lee, Kyung Ho,Ko, Nature Publishing Group UK 2019 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.51 No.2

<▼1><P>Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) mediates tumor cell adaptation to hypoxic conditions and is a potentially important anticancer therapeutic target. We previously developed a method for synthesizing a benzofuran-based natural product, (R)-(-)-moracin-O, and obtained a novel potent analog, MO-460 that suppresses the accumulation of HIF-1α in Hep3B cells. However, the molecular target and underlying mechanism of action of MO-460 remained unclear. In the current study, we identified heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2B1 (hnRNPA2B1) as a molecular target of MO-460. MO-460 inhibits the initiation of HIF-1α translation by binding to the C-terminal glycine-rich domain of hnRNPA2B1 and inhibiting its subsequent binding to the 3’-untranslated region of <I>HIF-1α</I> mRNA. Moreover, MO-460 suppresses HIF-1α protein synthesis under hypoxic conditions and induces the accumulation of stress granules. The data provided here suggest that hnRNPA2B1 serves as a crucial molecular target in hypoxia-induced tumor survival and thus offer an avenue for the development of novel anticancer therapies.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Cancer: How a plant metabolite analog suppresses tumor growth</B></P><P>A synthetic analog of a chemical found in fruit suppresses tumor growth by targeting an RNA-binding protein (hnRNPA2B1) and preventing the production of a pro-cancer regulatory factor. Nak-Kyun Soung from the Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea, and coworkers built on their previous discovery that a compound derived from a medicinal plant metabolite can suppress the activity of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). This protein, which is involved in many aspects of cancer biology, is activated in the low-oxygen microenvironments found inside tumors. The researchers show that the compound binds to a protein that helps with the conversion of HIF-1α–encoding RNA transcripts into HIF-1α proteins. Liver cancer cells treated with the compound grew slowly and produced less HIF-1α under both normal and low-oxygen culture conditions, highlighting the potential of this anti-cancer strategy.</P></▼2>

17-8세기 嶺南의 學術動向과 朴泰茂의 性理學 : Scholarship trends of Gyeongsang Province during the17-8th century and Park Tae-Moo's Neo-Confucianism

金洛眞 慶尙大學校 南冥學硏究所 2003 남명학연구 Vol.16 No.-

박태무는 17-8세기 위기의 시대를 산 영남 우도의 성리학자이다. 새로운 의식으로 무장한 사람들에 의하여 통치이념이었던 성리학의 역사적 기능이 부정됨은 물론 왕조체제에 대한 온건·급진적인 변혁운동이 활발히 일어나던 시대가 그의 시대였다. 그는 이 지역의 정신적 지주였던 조식의 정신을 선양하면서, 또한 이 시기에 영남 우도에서 많이 발견되지 않는 퇴계학통을 계승한 주목할만한 이론가이자 교육자였다. 삼강오륜으로 대변되었던 전통질서를 거부해 가는 정황을 그는 利益을 추구하는 기풍이 만연해 가는 퇴보의 현상으로 이해하며, 전통적 관점에 따라 義理 정신의 회복을 통해 이를 해결할 수 있다고 믿었다. 인간 불신이 가중되는 시대에서도 그는 인간의 본성이 선함과 이 세계가 본래 선의 것임을 성리학의 형이상학에 입각하여 확신하였다. 그는 모든 문제가 인간들〈특히 지배층〉이 자기 본질을 상실함으로써 발생하는 것으로 보았으며, 이 때문에 자기 회복의 방법 이외의 다른 것에서 위기를 극복할 방법을 찾지 못했다. 이는 자기가 진리로 믿는 것에 대한 투철한 신념을 그가 소유했음을 뜻한다. 그러나 이는 외부에서 일어나고 있던 역사적 변화를 자기의 고착된 신념으로 판단하고, 과거로 퇴행해 가는 보수의 입장이기도 하였다. 영남이 유고전통을 많이 간직할 수 있었던 것에는 영남 유학자들이 자신들을 道統의 계승자로 간주한 것에 한 원인이 있었듯이, 그는 진리에의 확신을 통해 역사의 전개를 도외시하고 과거의 전통을 보존함은 물론 다시 개화시키고자 한 학자였다. Park Tae-moo is a philosopher of Neo-Confucianism who lived in the right side of Gyeongsang Province during the turmoil seventeenth and eighteenth century. It was the era of when the historical function of Neo-Confucianism as ruling ideology was denied by the people armed with new consciousness, and both moderate and radical reform movement swept the dynasty system. He praised the spirit of Cho Sik, who was the moral mentor for the Gyeongsang Province, as well as was active as a theorist and an educator who succeeded to the scholaship of Lee Hwang, which was rare in the right side of Gyeongsang province. He considered the denial of traditional order as deterioration phenomenon, which the trait of chasing profits was prevalent so that he believed that it can be purified by the spirit of commitment in accordance with traditional point of view. Even during the age of disbelief in human being, he still had strong confidence in his belief that human being is good by nature, and that the world is primarily good taking his viewed that every problem ruling class) were deprived ground on metaphysical philosophy. He occurred by the fact that men(especial1y of the essence of themselves so that they could not figure out the solution to overcome such crisis except for self-recovery. This means that he kept the thorough faith in what he believed as absolute truth. However, such faith was the standpoint of the conservatives who evaluated the externally occurring historical transition process in accordance with their own firmly rooted conviction and already were on the path of retrogression. The reason why Gyeongsang Province could preserve much of Confucian tradition was that the philosophers of the province thought of themselves as the inheritors of the truth trend. Park Tae-moo was one of the scholars who tried not only to consider the development of history less but to preserve and prosper the tradition of the past.

부산시 공장지역·주거지역 하천의 수질특성분석

문종익,임영석,박광현,김석택,성낙창,박출재 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 2000 硏究報告 Vol.23 No.1

This study is carried out to investigate the water quality changes in Busan Metropolitan streams. The results are as follows. In Busan Metropolitan streams, the loading rates of contaminants are greater in industrial waste water streams than domestic waste water streams. Some sampling points show a little high loading in autumn, but this needs more investigation to make clear the causes. The level of organic contaminants(BOD_(5) and COD_(MN)) is found to be low and does not show seasonal variation in domestic waste water streams. But, the level of organic contaminants in industrial waste water streams is relatively high and seems to be seasonally variable, which is affected by other factors. The nutrient materials, such as nitrogen(as T-N, about 20mg/L) and phosphorus(as T-P, about 2.0mg/L), are abundant than Nak Dong River and the general trends of contaminants level are similar to those of organic contaminants.

Slide Session : OS-IFD-07 ; Infectious Disease : In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Ribavirin Against Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus

( Myung Jin Lee ),( Kye Hyung Kim ),( Jong Youn Yi ),( Su Jin Choi ),( Chung Jong Kim ),( Nak Hyun Kim ),( Kyoung Ho Song ),( Pyoeng Gyun Choi ),( Ji Hwan Bang ),( Wan Beom Park ),( Eu Suk Kim ),( San 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Ribavirin Against Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Myung Jin LEE1, Kye-Hyung KIM1, Jongyoun YI2, SuJin CHOI1, Chung-Jong KIM1, Nak- Hyun KIM1, Kyoung-Ho SONG1, Pyoeng Gyun CHOI1, Ji-Hwan BANG1, Wan Beom PARK1, Eu Suk KIM1, Sang-Won PARK1, Hong Bin KIM1, Nam Joong KIM1, Myoung- Don OH1 Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea1, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Korea2 Background: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by a novel Bunyavirus, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV). No effective antiviral therapy is proven yet, but clinical use of ribavirin (RBV) has been tried. We investigated the antiviral effect of RBV against SFTSV in vitro. Methods: To test for cytotoxicity of RBV, Vero cells were treated with different concentrations of RBV (3.90 to 500 μg/mL, two-fold dilution) and analyzed by cell viability MTS assay 48h post-infection. To determine antiviral activity of RBV against SFTSV, Vero cells were infected with SFTSV strain Gangwon/Korea/2012 at 100 TCID50 (50% tissue culture infective dose) per well in a 96-well plate, and RBV was added at the concentrations showing no or minimal cytotoxicity. Viral RNAs were extracted from the culture supernatants and quantifi ed using one-step real-time reverse transcription- PCR to amplify the partial large segment of SFTSV. Statistical analysis was done by one-way ANOVA with Tukey`s post hoc test. Results: Cytotoxicity due to RBV was not observed at RBV concentration =31.3 μg/ mL. Viral RNAs at 24h post-RBV treatment were reduced with increasing RBV concentrations (1-32 μg/mL), compared with those of mock-treated cells (P <0.01, Figure). Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of RBV was 3.69 μg/mL at 24h post-RBV treatment. Conclusions: Our study shows that RBV has antiviral effect against SFTSV in a dose-dependent manner. Further studies are required to evaluate the effi cacy of RBV in SFTS.

CTNNB1 Mutations in Ovarian Microcystic Stromal Tumors: Identification of a Novel Deletion Mutation and the Use of Pyrosequencing to Identify Reported Point Mutation

Na, K.,Kim, E. K.,Jang, W.,Kim, H.-S. Potamitis Press 2017 Anticancer research Vol. No.

<P>Background/Aim: Microcystic stromal tumor (MCST) is a rare stromal tumor of the ovary. In this study, we describe clinicopathological characteristics and results of mutational analyses of the CTNNB1gene in two cases of ovarian MCST and we provide a thorough review of previously published cases alongside our current cases and clarify the clinicopathological characteristics of ovarian MCST. Patients and Methods: Patients' age was 33 and 31 years, respectively. One patient presented with fever and low abdominal pain, whereas a pelvic mass was incidentally detected in another patient. Grossly, the cut surface of the tumors was mixed solid and cystic. Results: Histologically, the tumor characteristically displayed numerous microcysts, solid cellular areas, and intervening hyalinized stroma. Areas of moderate-to-severe nuclear pleomorphism with occasional multinucleated giant cells and bizarre nuclei were noted in one of the two cases. Immunohistochemically, both cases demonstrated diffuse and strong beta-catenin expression in the nuclei and the cytoplasm. The tumor cells were also diffusely positive for CD10, vimentin, Wilms tumor 1, and cyclin D1. The tumor cells were consistently negative for E-cadherin, inhibin-a, calretinin, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor. Mutational analyses using direct sequencing and pyrosequencing methods exhibited a single nucleotide mutation in CTNNB1 exon 3 (c.122C>T) in one case. We also found a novel deletion mutation in the same exon (c.88_99delTACCTGGACTCT) in another case. Conclusion: We demonstrated a previously reported CTNNB1 point-mutation using pyrosequencing and a novel deletion mutation in ovarian MCSTs. The review of the literature of previously published cases in combination with our current cases clarifies the clinicopathological characteristics of ovarian MCST and the comprehensive analysis of these cases would expand our knowledge regarding ovarian MCST.</P>

TP53 Mutation Status of Tubo-ovarian and Peritoneal High-grade Serous Carcinoma with a Wild-type p53 Immunostaining Pattern

Na, K.,Sung, J.-Y.,Kim, H.-S. INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ANTICANCER RESEARCH 2017 Anticancer research Vol.37 No.12

<P>Background/Aim: Diffuse and strong nuclear p53 immunoreactivity and a complete lack of p53 expression are regarded as indicative of missense and nonsense mutations, respectively, of the TP53 gene. Tubo-ovarian and peritoneal high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is characterized by aberrant p53 expression induced by a TP53 mutation. However, our experience with some HGSC cases with a wild-type p53 immunostaining pattern led us to comprehensively review previous cases and investigate the TP53 mutational status of the exceptional cases. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the immunophenotype of 153 cases of HGSC and performed TP53 gene sequencing analysis in those with a wild-type p53 immunostaining pattern. Results: Immunostaining revealed that 109 (71.3%) cases displayed diffuse and strong p53 expression (missense mutation pattern), while 39 (25.5%) had no p53 expression (nonsense mutation pattern). The remaining five cases of HGSC showed a wild-type p53 immunostaining pattern. Direct sequencing analysis revealed that three of these cases harbored nonsense TP53 mutations and two had novel splice site deletions. Conclusion: TP53 mutation is almost invariably present in HGSC, and p53 immunostaining can be used as a surrogate marker of TP53 mutation. In cases with a wild-type p53 immunostaining pattern, direct sequencing for TP53 mutational status can be helpful to confirm the presence of a TP53 mutation.</P>

Clinicopathological characteristics of fallopian tube metastases from primary endometrial, cervical, and nongynecological malignancies: a single institutional experience

Na, K.,Kim, H. S. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 Virchows Archiv Vol.471 No.3

<P>This study was aimed at investigating the clinicopathological characteristics of tubal metastases originating from primary endometrial, cervical, and nongynecological malignancies. We performed a 4-year retrospective study in which fallopian tube tissues obtained from 60 patients with tubal metastases were examined. In addition, we compared the number of tubal metastasis cases detected during periods of representative or whole tubal sampling. Twenty-three and 37 tubal metastases were found in cases examined after representative and whole tubal sampling techniques, respectively. Four cases of microscopic tubal metastases were detected via whole sampling, whereas no microscopic lesions were identified via representative sampling. The metastatic lesions originated from 14 uterine (10, endometrium; 4, cervix) and 46 nongynecological tumors (21, colon; 15, stomach; 5, biliary; 3, appendix; 2, breast). Tumors were most commonly involved in the muscle and lamina propria (n = 17). We noted distinctive histopathological features according to the extent of mural involvement: fibromyxoid stromal reaction and lymphohistiocytic infiltration in tumors involving the muscle and subepithelial connective tissue, architectural alterations of plicae in those involving the subepithelial connective tissue, and intraluminal mucinous and inflammatory exudate adjacent to intraepithelial tumors. We observed distinctive histopathological features associated with tubal metastases according to the extent of mural involvement. In addition, we demonstrated that the sampling method used in the routine microscopic examination of the fallopian tube affects the detection of tubal metastases. Our data support the notion that it is more logical to thoroughly sample both the fimbrial ends and the nonfimbriated portions of fallopian tubes for all salpingectomy specimens in the setting of cancer surgery.</P>

In vitro nasal mucosa gland-like structure formation on a chip

Na, K.,Lee, M.,Shin, H. W.,Chung, S. Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Lab on a chip Vol.17 No.9

<P>The emergence of microfluidic epithelial models using diverse types of cells within a physiologically relevant microenvironment has the potential to be a powerful tool for preclinical drug screening and pathophysiological studies. However, to date, few studies have reported the development of a complicated in vitro human nasal epithelial model. The aim of this study was to produce an in vitro human nasal mucosa model for reliable drug screening and clinical applications. Here, we integrated and optimized several culture conditions such as cell type, airway culture conditions, and hydrogel scaffolds into a microfluidic chip to construct an advanced in vitro human nasal mucosa model. We observed that the inducing factors for nasal gland-like structures were secreted from activated human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. Furthermore, our in vitro nasal mucosa presented different appearance and characteristics under hypoxic conditions. Morphological and functional similarities between in vivo nasal mucosa and our model indicated its utilization as a reliable research model for nasal diseases including allergic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis, and nasal polyposis.</P>

교통카드자료를 활용한 시내버스 환승정류장 선정에 관한 연구 : 광주광역시를 중심으로

주낙균,임영길 호남대학교 산업기술연구소 2012 녹색산업연구 Vol.18 No.2

교통카드의 자료는 시내버스를 이용하는 시민들의 다양한 특성을 알 수 있는 유용한 자료로 활용할 수 있다. 광주광역시에서는 승차 및 환승에 대해서만 자료수집이 가능하며 하차에 대한 자료는 없다. 교통카드에 수록된 시민들의 승차 및 환승에 대한 자료를 분석하여 버스 정류장의 특성 분석과 환승정류장의 설정을 위한 분석을 시도하였다. 교통카드에 의한 시내버스정류장의 특성에서 인구와 승차 및 환승의 상관도는 높게 나타났지만 특정 지점들에 대한 상관도 분석에서는 낮게 나타났다. 따라서 환승지점을 결정함에 있어서 본 연구에서 제시한 결과를 고려하여 환승정류장을 결정할 때 거시적 분석 외에도 추가적인 미시적 분석이 필요한 것으로 분석되었다. 주요어: 환승, 환승정류장, 교통카드 The purpose of this study is to suggested what is a point to be considered the transfer bus stop by transportation card. Transfer point is determined several factors that is aboard, alighting, transfer, land use, etc. The microscopic analysis is not provided high relation with aboard but presented macroscopic analysis with transfer demand. To selected transfer bus stop in city, it needed more factors reflected transfer demand of various characteristics. In this analysis, it is suggested transfer bus stop by transfer demand using transportation card data. Key words: Transfer, Transfer bus stop, Transportation card