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Ethnic characteristics of eyelashes: a comparative analysis in Asian and Caucasian females
Na, J.I.,Kwon, O.S.,Kim, B.J.,Park, W.S.,Oh, J.K.,Kim, K.H.,Cho, K.H.,Eun, H.C. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2006 British journal of dermatology Vol.155 No.6
<P>Summary</P><P>Background </P><P>Despite similar biochemical composition of human hair between races, physico-morphological characteristics are not identical in different ethnic groups. Eyelashes have been investigated far less than scalp hair, and the information available is insufficient.</P><P>Objectives </P><P>To obtain basic information about eyelashes and to clarify differences between female eyelashes in Asians and Caucasians.</P><P>Methods </P><P>Twenty Asian and 10 white Caucasian female volunteers aged between 20 and 29 years were admitted to the study. Lateral digital photographs of upper eyelashes were taken and curl-up and lift-up angles of upper eyelashes were measured from lateral views. Images of upper eyelashes were also taken using the phototrichogram technique and total numbers, lengths and thicknesses of upper eyelashes were obtained (a total of 4661 eyelashes; 2946 for Asian, 1715 for Caucasian). The central portion of the eyelashes or whole eyelashes were clipped and images were taken immediately and 7 days later to obtain the growth rate and anagen ratio of upper eyelashes. Numbers and thickness of eyelash cuticular layers were obtained by electron microscopy.</P><P>Results </P><P>Compared with Caucasians, Asian eyelashes revealed lower lift-up and curl-up angles, fewer numbers and a thicker transverse diameter. However, no statistical difference was observed in length or growth rate. Duration of anagen was estimated at about 2 months. The eyelash anagen ratio obtained from five Asians was 17·8 ± 3·3%. By electron microscopy, the number of cuticular layers in transverse section was greater in Asian (8·0 ± 1·2) than Caucasian females (6·5 ± 1·1), but no statistical difference was found in single cuticle layer thickness between the two groups. Moreover, eyelash characteristics were not influenced by eye makeup in either race.</P><P>Conclusions </P><P>Our results on eyelash morphology and growth characteristics demonstrated significant ethnic differences in Asian and Caucasian females that could provide basic information for future investigations.</P>
Game Theory Approach for Energy Consumption Scheduling of a Community of Smart Grids
Naji El Idrissi Rajaa,Ouassaid Mohammed,Maaroufi Mohamed 대한전기학회 2023 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.18 No.4
This study analyzes the potential of an independent method of dynamic pricing schemes to reduce the peak demand in the neighborhood area. For this, this work develops a collective energy consumption scheduling (CECS) algorithm in the residential sector based on a combination of energy consumption plans under a bi-level game theory method. The local level is responsible of gathering internal users’ data and reducing the energy consumption in each residential building. The central level is the external demand management system that is focused on modeling a coalition between the local load management modules, as well as giving the redistributed demand profile to increase the global profit through a peak load minimization, financial gain and peak-to-average-ratio reduction. Four controllable appliances are included in load shifting and time activation cycling: clothes dryer units, heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, electric water heater, and electric vehicle. The principle of the proposed CECS method relies on the flexibility of the user requirement that presents one of the contributions of this study. It proposes a novel framework for determining optimal non-static load management strategies, in which consumers can change their daily power demand patterns depending on their routines, preferences and requirements. Numerical results show that time-varying schemes encourage customers to condense their electricity consumption within low-price periods. However, by incorporating the proposed approach of coordinated scheduling algorithm significant profits in the whole and single level are demonstrated. Simulations infer that given the same load profiles, the proposed framework outperforms the non-coordinated strategy leading to important rates in total peak load minimization, total saving in electricity bills and reduction of peak-to-average-ratio.
Naji K. Al-Mefleh,Maher Tadros,Majed M. Abu-Zreig 한국산림과학회 2019 Forest Science And Technology Vol.15 No.3
A field study was carried to determine the impact of the land application of polyacrylamide (PAM) on the runoff used for supplemental irrigation. Five treatments were investigated: PAM A-130, PAM A-836, PAM Aerotil, plastic mulch, and natural (no PAM no mulch). Runoff was collected in barrels placed at the downstream end of fifteen plots and then used for the irrigation of acacia trees planted in an experimental site in Jordan. The growth characteristics of the acacia were monitored over a two-year period from 2009 to 2010. The total runoff volumes were significantly different over PAM A-836, PAM Aerotil, and plastic mulch compared to the natural. The results showed that supplemental irrigation of acacia with water collected from PAM plots significantly increased the acacia height and number of leaves compared to the natural and rainfed treatments. The use of PAM-treated runoff also slightly increased the number of branches of the acacia, but the increase was only significant in the case of PAM A-836. There was a weak correlation between the volume of supplemental irrigation generated and the morphological characteristics. The type of PAM seems to have improved plant growth irrespective of the volume of runoff collected.
Effect of simulated dust storm conditions on the physiological features of wild pistachio
Naji Hamid Reza,Roushani Nia Farshad,Tongo Afsaneh,Soheili Forough,Arminian Ali 한국산림과학회 2024 Forest Science And Technology Vol.20 No.1
Dust storms are a common natural phenomenon in the world, especially in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. This phenomenon, like other natural hazards, can have harmful effects on the plants. This study investigates the effects of dust under simulated conditions on the biochemical properties of wild pistachio (Pistacia atlantica). Two-year-old seedlings were provided by a state nursery. As a completely randomized design, seedlings were put in simulated dust chamber. The dust was applied at concentrations of 5000, 7000 and 9000 mg/m3 for 10 weeks with intervals of 12 days. At the same time, ten seedlings were selected as control seedlings. At the end of each dusting period, the leaves of the treated and control seedlings were collected from the middle part of the crowns and stored in the freezer for further analysis. The results showed a decrease in chlorophyll pigments and carotenoids with increasing dust concentration, while carbohydrates and catalase and peroxidase enzymes increased. No significant differences were observed in the proline content of the treated and control seedlings. This could be due to the short time of treatment as well as the intensity of the induced dust storm stress. In conclusion, the results can be considered as basic information on the variations of physiological characteristics of forest trees to natural dust storms and their adaptability to climatic changes.