여성 청소노동자의 노동조건과 작업장 배제에 관한 연구 - 초·중·고등학교 환경미화원을 중심으로

최나현 ( Choi¸ Nahyun ),김영 ( Kim¸ Young ) 부산대학교 여성연구소 2021 여성학연구 Vol.31 No.1

이 연구는 2018년 9월 교육공무직(무기계약직) 지위를 얻은 A시교육청 산하 공립학교 여성 청소노동자의 노동조건과 노동경험을 분석해, 공무직 전환이 저임금과 차별적 대우를 시정하지 못함을 발견했다. 첫째, 교육공무직 청소노동자의 노동조건이 용역노동자의 노동조건보다 열악했으며, 단시간 노동으로 인한 소득불안정과 노동강도 강화가 심각하다. 둘째, 학교 간 차이를 고려치 않은 1교1인 배치 규정은 청소노동자의 노동량이 학교에 따라 몇 배나 차이가 나게 만들어 일부 청소노동자의 노동 강도를 극단적으로 높인다. 셋째, ‘방학 중 비근무’ 방침은 청소노동자가 방학 중에는 임금을 받을 수 없게 해 소득불안정을 심화한다. 마지막으로 1교1인 배치원칙 하에 청소노동자들은 혼자서 고립되어 자신의 노동조건에 대한 평가조차 불가능한 총체적 유령화를 경험하고 있다. 그 결과 교육공무직 중에서도 청소노동자의 처우가 가장 열악하다. ‘1교1인 배치’ 규정과 ‘방학 중 비근무’ 방침은 노동현장의 현실에 둔감한 행정편의주의로 청소노동자를 고립시킨다. 이와 같은 발견은 소수성과 고립성이 청소노동자가 저학력 중고령 여성으로서 경험하는 교차적 차별을 더욱 악화시키는 요인이 됨을 시사한다. 주변부 노동자의 노동조건이 실질적으로 개선되려면 형식적 고용안정성의 확보만으로 부족하다. 생활 가능한 임금 및 차별과 불평등 시정을 위한 노력이 수반되어야 하며, 나아가 고립과 유령화를 극복하기 위한 집합적 목소리와 사회적 인정이 필요하다. This study reviews the working condition and exclusion experience of women school sweeper at public schools in Busan, which became “unlimited contract workers (Gyoyukgongmujik)” in September 2018. We find that discrimination against women school sweeper and low pay didn’t change although their job security improved by labor contract transfer. Especially “One School-One Person” rule and “no work during vacation” policy have the effect of isolating school sweeper from the work place and reducing their income whereas the education authorities saves labor costs. Under such a condition women school sweeper were treated like a ghost which their presence and labor were not recognized. The findings of this study suggest that, in order to improve the working conditions of periphery workers, not only job security, but also living wage and effort to correct discrimination and inequality. At the same time, it implies that improving the working conditions of women workers in the dead-end jobs requires collective voice and social recognition to overcome isolation and “making ghost”.

청산도 나비 군집의 계절적 변화 및 다양성 연구

안나현 ( Ahn¸ Na-hyun ),이상훈 ( Lee¸ Sang-hun ),안정섭 ( An¸ Jeong-seop ) 한국도서(섬)학회 2020 韓國島嶼硏究 Vol.32 No.4

국내 곤충 중 나비 종 수는 다른 곤충 무리에 비하면 상대적으로 적지만, 대중적 인지도가 높고 애벌레의 먹이식물 특이성과 비교적 잘 밝혀진 생활사로 인하여 생물상 변화에 대한 대상 모니터링 분류군에 적합하다. 기후변화로 인하여 국내외로 생물들의 서식범위가 확장하거나 이동하는 현상이 확인되고 있으며, 특히 섬지역에 서식하는 생물들은 육지에 비하여 좁은 서식지와 한정된 자원으로 인하여 내부 서식지 변화나 외래종의 침입에 취약할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 청산도 나비 군집의 계절적 변화와 다양성을 확인하여 향후 기후변화 영향을 파악하기 위한 기초자료를 수집하는데 목적이 있다. 2020년 4월부터 10월까지 현장조사 결과, 5과 24종 476개체를 확인하였다. 과별 종 우점도는 네발나비과(Nymphalidae)가 7종으로 가장 높았으며, 채집된 개체수는 흰나비과(Pieridae)가208개체로 가장 많았다. 가장 많이 채집된 종은 흰나비과의 배추흰나비(Pieris rapae)로 125개체가 확인되었으며 전체 개체수의 26.3%를 차지하였다. 월별 나비상의 변화를 확인한 결과 종수와 개체수 모두 9월에 가장 많이 확인할 수 있었다. 종풍부도와 다양도 지수는 9월에 가장 높았으며, 우점도는 6월에 가장 높았고, 균등도는 4월에 가장 높았다. 생태적 특성을 확인해본 결과, 전체 24종 중 17종의 서식지 타입은 초지, 먹이 타입은 초본인 종으로 나왔는데, 조사지역이 산림이 울창하지 않은 경작지와 억새군락이 혼재된 지역이기에 이러한 결과가 나온 것으로 판단된다. 환경부 지정 국가 기후변화 생물지표종(100종)과 후보종(30종) 가운데 2020년 현장조사결과 지표종 2종인 남방노랑나비(Eurema mandarina), 물결부전나비(Lampides boeticus)가 관찰되었고, 국외반출승인대상 생물자원중 1종인 제일줄나비(Limenitis helmanni)가 관찰되었으며, 농림축산식품부에서 지정한 국외반출승인대상 농업생명자원 중 1종인 호랑나비(Papilio xuthus)도 확인하였다. 인근 섬인 완도의 우점종과 청산도의 우점종이 서로 다른 것은, 지리적으로 가까운 두 섬이지만, 완도는 청산도보다 고도가 높은 산지가 많고 본 연구는 청산도 중심의 경작지와 억새군락 근처에서 조사한 결과이기에 차이가 나는 것으로 추측할 수 있다. 기존의 여러 문헌들을 확인하였지만, 인근의 완도나 해남과 같은 내륙지방에 비하면 청산도에서 서식하는 나비상을 확인할 수 있는 자료는 거의 없었다. 기존 자료와 이번 연구결과를 바탕으로 정리한 결과 청산도에 서식하는 나비는 5과 27종으로 네발나비과 9종, 호랑나비과(Papilionidae), 흰나비과, 부전나비과(Lycaenidae) 5종, 팔랑나비과(Hesperiidae) 3종을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 청산도에서 서식하는 종을 기존문헌보다 12종 더 추가하게 되었으며, 문헌에는 서식이 확인되었지만__ 본 연구에서 확인되지 않은 종은 총 3종이었다. 이러한 기초자료의 축적은 한반도 남단에서 서식하는 종의 변동을 추적할 수 있는 자료가 될 수 있을 것이다. There have been several confirmed cases of the range expansion or habitat shifts of species due to climate change. In particular, insular organisms are more susceptible to habitat change or the introduction of invasive species than inland relatives. The purpose of this study is to collect data and monitor the phenological change and diversity of the butterfly populations on Cheongsando Island. On-site research conducted from April to October 2020 identified 476 individual butterflies of 24 species in 5 families. The dominance value of species was the highest in the family Nymphalidae with 7 species, The family Pieridae showed the largest number (208 individuals) in the collected butterfly populations. The most frequently-observed species was the Cabbage butterfly (Pieris rapae) with 125 individuals accounting for 26.3% of the total population. The monthly monitoring of the phenology in butterfly populations suggested that both species diversity and abundance were highest in September, and species richness and species diversity were highest in September, index of dominance were highest in June, and species evenness were highest in April. Among the 24 species, 17 species habitat type were grassland and food types were herb. The reason is assumed to the survey area is a mixture of arable land and flame grass communities that are not dense with forests. Compared to the neighboring areas such as Wando and Haenam, the butterfly fauna of Cheongsando has been poorly studied. Twelve species of butterflies were added through this study to the preexisting list of butterflies on Cheongsando Island. Based on the existing data and the results of this study, the number of butterflies living in Cheongsando Island was 27 species in 5 families, including 9 species of Nymphalidae, 5 species of Papilionidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae, and 3 species of Hesperiidae. The existing data have been identified, but there are three species that were not found in this study. It is expected that this data could be used to track biodiversity changes from the southern tip of the Korean Peninsula.

Preparation, characterization, and in-vitro performance of novel injectable silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/phasetransformed calcium phosphate composite bone cements

Nahyun Jeong,Jin Su Park,Kyunghyeon Yoo,김완연,Dong-Hyun KIM,윤석영 한국물리학회 2016 Current Applied Physics Vol.16 No.11

Silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose(Si-HPMC)/phase-transformed calcium phosphate (PTCP) composite cements were successfully prepared for application as novel injectable bone cements with enhanced biocompatibility. The crystal structure and chemical state of the synthesized PTCP and Si- HPMC powders as solid and liquid phases of the composite cements were determined via X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The physical handling and mechanical properties of the Si-HPMC/PTCP composite calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) were measured via viscometric analysis, injectability tests, and using a universal testing machine. The cytotoxicity of the Si-HPMC/PTCP composite CPCs was evaluated and compared with that of Si-HPMC/a-TCP as a control. Analysis of the invitro mechanical properties of the Si-HPMC/PTCP composite CPCs showed that hardening was an inherent function of the cements after immersion in Hanks' balanced salt solution. The Si-HPMC/PTCP composite CPCs exhibited better biocompatibility and injectability than Si-HPMC/a-TCP; however, the Si-HPMC/PTCP composite CPCs have relatively lower mechanical properties than Si-HPMC/a-TCP. Therefore, these novel injectable cements can potentially be used as calcium phosphate cements for biomedical applications.

Accuracy and precision evaluation of DXA equipment for small animals for measuring BMD and BMC of chicken bones

NaHyun Kim,GyeongMin Kim,YoungMo Kim 한국실험동물학회 2020 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2020 No.2

Curcuma xanthorrhiza Extract Improves Saliva-related Factors Expression in H₂O₂-treated Human Salivary Gland Cells

Nahyun Choi,Changhee Kim,Jihye Park,Jae-Kwan Hwang 한국식품영양과학회 2018 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2018 No.10

단일 세포 RNA 시퀀싱 데이터의 세포 유형 식별 방법 비교

Nahyun Kim,Minsu Kim,Hanbyeol Kim,Joongho Lee,Seokhyun Yoon 한국차세대컴퓨팅학회 2021 한국차세대컴퓨팅학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.05

단일 세포 RNA 시퀀싱은 세포 하나의 유전자 발현량을 측정하는 기술이다. 전체 세포에 대한 유전자 발현을 평균으로 하는 Bulk 시퀀싱과 달리 단일 세포에서 유전자 발현을 측정하는 기술이며, 특정 조직의 면역세포 분포에 관한 연구, 암 조직을 구성하는 세포들의 유형 연구 등, 다양한 연구 분야에 이용될 수 있다. 하지만, 단일 세포 RNA 시퀀싱 기술에서 얻어진 데이터는 세포의 유형이 구분되어 있지 않으며, 세포 유형을 식별하는 방법이 필요하다. 이를 위한 다양한 방법과 소프트웨어가 개발되었다. 그러나 실제 세포 유형을 올바르게 식별하는 것은 여전히 어려운 일이다. 본 논문에서는 이미 잘 알려진 소프트웨어들을(scSorter, SCINA) 이용하여 세포 유형 예측성능을 비교하였다.

Udenafil Induces the Hair Growth Effect of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

( Nahyun Choi ),( Jong-hyuk Sung ) 한국응용약물학회 2019 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.27 No.4

Udenafil, which is a PDE5 inhibitor, is used to treat erectile dysfunction. However, it is unclear whether udenafil induces hair growth via the stimulation of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). In this study, we investigated whether udenafil stimulates ASCs and whether increased growth factor secretion from ASCs to facilitate hair growth. We found that subcutaneous injection of udenafiltreated ASCs accelerated telogen-to-anagen transition in vivo. We also observed that udenafil induced proliferation, migration and tube formation of ASCs. It also increased the secretion of growth factors from ASCs, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL12B, and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and NFκB. Furthermore, concomitant upregulation of IL-4 and IL12B mRNA levels was attenuated by ERK inhibitor or NFκB knockdown. Application of IL-4 or IL12B enhanced anagen induction in mice and increased hair follicle length in organ culture. The results indicated that udenafil stimulates ASC motility and increases paracrine growth factor, including cytokine signaling. Udenafil-stimulated secretion of cytokine from ASCs may promote hair growth via the ERK and NFκB pathways. Therefore, udenafil can be used as an ASC-preconditioning agent for hair growth.

Immunity Test for Semiconductor Integrated Circuits Considering Power Transfer Efficiency of the Bulk Current Injection Method

NaHyun Kim,Wansoo Nah,SoYoung Kim 대한전자공학회 2014 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.14 No.2

The bulk current injection (BCI) and direct power injection (DPI) method have been established as the standards for the electromagnetic susceptibility (EMS) test. Because the BCI test uses a probe to inject magnetically coupled electromagnetic (EM) noise, there is a significant difference between the power supplied by the radio frequency (RF) generator and that transferred to the integrated circuit (IC). Thus, the immunity estimated by the forward power cannot show the susceptibility of the IC itself. This paper derives the real injected power at the failure point of the IC using the power transfer efficiency of the BCI method. We propose and mathematically derive the power transfer efficiency based on equivalent circuit models representing the BCI test setup. The BCI test is performed on I/O buffers with and without decoupling capacitors, and their immunities are evaluated based on the traditional forward power and the real injected power proposed in this work. The real injected power shows the actual noise power level that the IC can tolerate. Using the real injected power as an indicator for the EMS test, we show that the on-chip decoupling capacitor enhances the EM noise immunity.

A Pragmatic-Functional Account for Indirect Object Alternation in English Literary Works

Nahyun Lim,Eunkyung Kim 한국중원언어학회 2014 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.33

This study was intended to demonstrate that two types of indirect object alternation in English literary works have different functions in discourse in association with discoursal principles such as ‘end-weight’ or ‘end-focus’ principle and ‘the given-new information’ principle. This study hypothesized the structure of ‘S + V + I.O + D.O’ is employed more frequently than the structure of ‘S + V + D.O + Preposition + I.O’. This means that the more frequent structure can be an efficient language device along with the discoursal principles. Based on the analysis of data from three English novels, this study yielded some interesting findings as follows. First, the sentence structure of "S + V + I.O + D.O" is much more frequently used than the structure of "S + V + D.O + Preposition + I.O" in English literature. Second, in English literature, the indirect objects in the sentence-final position may be a focal point caused by ‘end-focus" principle. Finally, direct objects in the sentence-final position have a strong tendency to be longer than the indirect objects in the same position due to ‘end-weight’ principle.

Role of dihydrotestosterone in whole-body energy utilization during acute running exercise in mice

( Nahyun Kim ),( Jisu Kim ),( Kiwon Lim ),( Jonghoon Park ) 한국운동영양학회 2018 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.22 No.2

[Purpose] Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) plays an important role in various processes that utilize energy, including fat and carbohydrate oxidation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of inhibiting DHT formation during mid-intensity running exercise on energy expenditure and fat and carbohydrate oxidation in the whole body using a calorimetric chamber. [Methods] Twelve ICR adult male mice, 9 weeks of age, were randomized into two groups: CON (n = 6, no treatment with exercise) and CONIN (n = 6, DHT inhibitor treatment with exercise, SRD5A1A2 is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of free testosterone into DHT). Inhibitor was administered to the CONIN group intraperitoneally, while the CON group was treated with vehicle (corn oil 2 mg/kg). After 3 days of administration of the inhibitor or vehicle, exercise was performed at 60-70% VO₂max for 30 min on a treadmill in a calorimetric chamber. The O₂ uptake, CO₂ production, carbohydrate and fat oxidation, and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during 30-min exercise were measured using a calorimeter. [Results] During a single bout of exercise, the CONIN group showed a significantly higher area under the curve (AUC) of O₂ uptake and CO₂ production from 20 min into exercise than the CON group (p < 0.001). The CONIN group showed a significantly higher AUC for carbohydrate oxidation from 20 min into exercise than the CON group (p < 0.001), whereas no difference was found in fat oxidation between groups (p = 0.067). The CONIN group had a significantly higher AUC of RER from 20 min into exercise than the CON group (p < 0.001). [Conclusion] We observed increased energy consumption at the later phase of 30-min moderate-intensity treadmill running when DHT production was inhibited. Furthermore, when DHT production during exercise was inhibited, whole-body fat utilization was inhibited and carbohydrate oxidation was substantially increased at the later phase of exercise compared to in the control group. Therefore, changes in DHT concentration in the body during exercise may be involved in whole-body fat utilization, suggesting that DHT may be an important factor affecting endurance exercise capacity.