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N₂/ CH₄가스비에 따른 Hydrogenated Amorphous Carbon Nitride 박막의 특성
장홍규(H. K. Jang),김근식(G. S. Kim),황보상우(S. W. Whangbo),이연승(Y. S. Lee),황정남(C. N. Whang),유영조(Y. Z. Yoo),김효근(H. G. Kim) 한국진공학회(ASCT) 1998 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.7 No.3
DC saddle-field-plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition(PECVD) 장치를 이용하여 상온에서 p-type Si (100) 기판위에 hydrogenated amorphous carbon nitride [a-C:H(N)]박막을 증착하였다. 원료가스인 CH₄과 N₂의 전체압력은 90 mTorr로 고정하고 N₂/CH₄비를 0에서 4까지 변화하면서 제작한 a-C:H(N) 박막의 미세 구조의 변화를 연구하였다. 진공조의 도달 진공도는 1×10^(-6) Torr이고, 본 실험시 CH₄+N₂가스의 유량은 5 sc㎝으로 고정하고 배기량을 조절하여 진공조의 가스 압력을 90 mTorr로 고정하였으며 기판에 200 V의 직류 bias 전압을 인가하였다. α-step과 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)를 이용한 분석결과 N₂/CH₄비가 0에서 0.5로 증가함에 따라 박막 두께는 4840 Å에서 2600 Å으로 급격히 감소하였으며, 박막내의 탄소에 대한 질소함유량(N/C비)는 N₂/CH₄비가 4일때 최대 0.25로 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 XPS 스펙트럼의 fitting 결과 N₂/CH₄비가 증가할수록 CN결합이 증가하였다. Fourier Transformation Infrared (FT-IR) 분석결과 N₂/CH₄비가 증가함에 따라 박막내의 C-H 결합은 감소하고, N-H, C≡N 결합은 증가하였다. Optical bandgap 측정 결 과 N₂/CH₄비가 0에서 4로 증가함에 따라 a-C:H(N)박막의 bandgap 에너지는 2.53 eV에서 2.3 eV로 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. Hydrogenated amorphous carbon nitride[a-C:H(N)] films were deposited on p-type Si(100) at room temperature with substrate bias voltage of 200 V by DC saddle-field plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Effects of the ratio of N₂to CH₄(N₂/CH₄), in the range of 0 and 4 on such properties as optical properties, microstucture, relative fraction of nitrogen and carbon, etc. of the films have been investigated. The thickness of the a-C:H(N) film was abruptly decreased with the addition of nitrogen, but at N₂/CH₄> 0.5, the thickness of the film gradually decreased with the increase of the N₂/CH₄. The ratio of N to C(N/C) of the films was saturated at 0.25 with the increase of N₂/CH₄. N-H, C≡N bonds of the films increased but C-H bond decreased with the increase of N₂/CH₄. Optical band gap energy of the film decreased from 2.53 eV deposited with pure methane to 2.3 eV at the ratio of N₂/CH₄=4.
ALICE Collaboration,Aamodt, K.,Abelev, B.,Abrahantes Quintana, A.,Adamova, D.,Adare, A.M.,Aggarwal, M.M.,Aglieri Rinella, G.,Agocs, A.G.,Agostinelli, A.,Aguilar Salazar, S.,Ahammed, Z.,Ahmad, N.,Ahmad North-Holland Pub. Co 2012 Physics letters: B Vol.708 No.3
Angular correlations between unidentified charged trigger (t) and associated (a) particles are measured by the ALICE experiment in Pb-Pb collisions at s<SUB>NN</SUB>=2.76 TeV for transverse momenta 0.25<p<SUB>T</SUB><SUP>t,a</SUP><15 GeV/c, where p<SUB>T</SUB><SUP>t</SUP>>p<SUB>T</SUB><SUP>a</SUP>. The shapes of the pair correlation distributions are studied in a variety of collision centrality classes between 0 and 50% of the total hadronic cross section for particles in the pseudorapidity interval |η|<1.0. Distributions in relative azimuth Δφ=φ<SUP>t</SUP>-φ<SUP>a</SUP> are analyzed for |Δη|=|η<SUP>t</SUP>-η<SUP>a</SUP>|>0.8, and are referred to as ''long-range correlations''. Fourier components V<SUB>nΔ</SUB>≤cos(nΔφ)> are extracted from the long-range azimuthal correlation functions. If particle pairs are correlated to one another through their individual correlation to a common symmetry plane, then the pair anisotropy V<SUB>nΔ</SUB>(p<SUB>T</SUB><SUP>t</SUP>,p<SUB>T</SUB><SUP>a</SUP>) is fully described in terms of single-particle anisotropies v<SUB>n</SUB>(p<SUB>T</SUB>) as V<SUB>nΔ</SUB>(p<SUB>T</SUB><SUP>t</SUP>,p<SUB>T</SUB><SUP>a</SUP>)=v<SUB>n</SUB>(p<SUB>T</SUB><SUP>t</SUP>)v<SUB>n</SUB>(p<SUB>T</SUB><SUP>a</SUP>). This expectation is tested for 1≤n≤5 by applying a global fit of all V<SUB>nΔ</SUB>(p<SUB>T</SUB><SUP>t</SUP>,p<SUB>T</SUB><SUP>a</SUP>) to obtain the best values v<SUB>n</SUB>{GF}(p<SUB>T</SUB>). It is found that for 2≤n≤5, the fit agrees well with data up to p<SUB>T</SUB><SUP>a</SUP>~3-4 GeV/c, with a trend of increasing deviation as p<SUB>T</SUB><SUP>t</SUP> and p<SUB>T</SUB><SUP>a</SUP> are increased or as collisions become more peripheral. This suggests that no pair correlation harmonic can be described over the full 0.25<p<SUB>T</SUB><15 GeV/c range using a single v<SUB>n</SUB>(p<SUB>T</SUB>) curve; such a description is however approximately possible for 2≤n≤5 when p<SUB>T</SUB><SUP>a</SUP><4 GeV/c. For the n=1 harmonic, however, a single v<SUB>1</SUB>(p<SUB>T</SUB>) curve is not obtained even within the reduced range p<SUB>T</SUB><SUP>a</SUP><4 GeV/c.
김중남,오재선,김평남,김용태,김종두,이승일 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1989 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.14 No.2
Essential thrombocythemia, also known as a hemorrhagic thrombocythemia or essential throbocytosis is a primary myeloproliferative disorder in which the predominant laboratory features is a persistent, striking elevation of the platelet count. It is frequently associated with thrombosis and hemorrhage. We experienced one case of E.T who was a 33 yeyar old female admitted via OPD with fever, chill and burning pain in the feet, with confirmed by biopsy of bone marrow, repeated LAP score and chromosomal analysis.
PREDICTION OF WEAR OF RUBBING BODIES ON THE BASE OF A THEORETICAL-INVARIANT METHOD
Drozdov, Yu. N.,Ignatieva, Z.V. ENGINEERING TRIBOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE KYUNGPOOK 2000 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH PERFORMANCE OF TRI Vol.2000 No.-
A theoretical-invariant method of friction units service life prediction is developed based on the combining some deterministic and probabilistic approaches to the problem of surface failure taking into consideration a number of mechanical, physico-chemical, thermal aspects of contact interaction of rubbing bodies.
Effect of Chain Matching between Hydrocarbon and Fatty Acid on High Pressure Rheology
N. OHNO,R. MUKAI,Md. Z. RAHMAN,K. SHIBATA 한국트라이볼로지학회 2002 한국트라이볼로지학회 학술대회 Vol.2002 No.10
For estimation of chain-matching phenomena between normal paraffin as a solvent and straight-chain fatty acid as an additive, the density measurement of n-dodecane, n-tetradecane and n-hexadecane were-carried out at oil temperature 313K and pressure up to 1.3 ㎬. Their solidification pressure were easily determined by the appearance of molecular crystal, abrupt volumetric contraction and generation of heat of solidification and showed minima under the matching condition. The bulk modulus K of molecular crystal was evaluated using phase diagram. The bulk modulus showed maxima under the each matching condition. The chain matching effect on the bulk modulus beyond the scope of the interfacial phenomena are confirmed.
Zá,bori, J.,Rastak, N.,Yoon, Y. J.,Riipinen, I.,Strö,m, J. Copernicus GmbH 2015 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol.15 No.23
<P>Abstract. The Arctic is one of the most vulnerable regions affected by climate change. Extensive measurement data are needed to understand the atmospheric processes governing this vulnerability. Among these, data describing cloud formation potential are of particular interest, since the indirect effect of aerosols on the climate system is still poorly understood. In this paper we present, for the first time, size-resolved cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) data obtained in the Arctic. The measurements were conducted during two periods in the summer of 2008: one in June and one in August, at the Zeppelin research station (78°54´ N, 11°53´ E) in Svalbard. Trajectory analysis indicates that during the measurement period in June 2008, air masses predominantly originated from the Arctic, whereas the measurements from August 2008 were influenced by mid-latitude air masses. CCN supersaturation (SS) spectra obtained on the 27 June, before size-resolved measurements were begun, and spectra from the 21 and 24 August, conducted before and after the measurement period, revealed similarities between the 2 months. From the ratio between CCN concentration and the total particle number concentration (CN) as a function of dry particle diameter (Dp) at a SS of 0.4 %, the activation diameter (D50), corresponding to CCN / CN = 0.50, was estimated. D50 was found to be 60 and 67 nm for the examined periods in June and August 2008, respectively. Corresponding D50 hygroscopicity parameter (κ) values were estimated to be 0.4 and 0.3 for June and August 2008, respectively. These values can be compared to hygroscopicity values estimated from bulk chemical composition, where κ was calculated to be 0.5 for both June and August 2008. While the agreement between the 2 months is reasonable, the difference in κ between the different methods indicates a size dependence in the particle composition, which is likely explained by a higher fraction of inorganics in the bulk aerosol samples. </P>
On the defining number and strong defining number for vertex colourings of Jahangir graphs
Z. Tahmasbzadehbaee,N.D. Soner 장전수학회 2012 Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics Vol.22 No.3
In a given graph G = (V,E), a set S of vertices with an assignment of colours to them is called a defining set for vertex colourings of G, if there exists a unique extension of the colours of S to a k ≥ χ(G) colouring of the vertices of G. A defining set with minimum cardinality is called a minimum defining set and its cardinality is the defining number, denoted by d(G, k). In this article,we study the chromatic number, the defining number and the strong defining number of the Jahangir graphs Jm,n.
Z. Špitalský,D. Rástočná Illová,O. Žigo,M. Mičušík,Z. Nógellová,M. Procházka,A. Kleinová,M. Kováčová,I. Novák 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.8
Polyester (PES) fabrics were pre-treated with atmospheric discharge plasma, and the surface properties, chemicalcomposition, and physical changes on the surfaces of the PES fabrics were investigated. The hydrophobic recovery of theplasma-modified surface during aging of the PES fabrics treated with plasma was also investigated. The glycerin contactangles were determined along with the chemical composition changes in the PES fabric using X-ray photoelectronspectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and iodometric analyses. The physical changes in the topography androughness of the plasma-modified PES were studied using scanning electron microscopy and nanoindentation. The relationbetween the hydrophilicity and hydroperoxide concentration on the surface of the plasma-treated PES fabrics was analyzedand the antibacterial behavior of the fabrics with respect to selected two bacterial strains was monitored.
Single poly-EEPROM with stacked MIM and n-well capacitor
Cui, Z.-Y.,Choi, M.-H.,Kim, Y.-S.,Lee, H.-G.,Kim, K.-W.,Kim, N.-S. IET 2009 Electronics letters Vol.45 No.3
<P>The new structure of electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), using a capacitor of stacked metal-insulator-metal (MIM) and <I>n</I>-well, is proposed. The oxide capacitance in the <I>n</I>-well region is effectively applied without sacrificing the cell area and the control gate coupling ratio. Therefore, for the same program-voltage rating, the proposed cell allows the EEPROM to have a higher speed handling capability even with a quite small cell size. Measured results show that the programming speed of the proposed cell is almost the same as that of the conventional MIM control gate cell. In an endurance test of 10 000 program/erase cycles, the shift of program threshold voltage is found to be 1.4 V without degradation of read currents.</P>
PREDICTING AUTO-IGNITION CHARACTERISTICS OF RCCI COMBUSTION USING A MULTI-ZONE MODEL
U. EGÜZ,N. C. J. MAES,C. A. J. LEERMAKERS,L. M. T. SOMERS,L. P. H. DE GOEY 한국자동차공학회 2013 International journal of automotive technology Vol.14 No.5
The objective of new combustion concepts is to meet emission standards by improving fuel air mixing prior to ignition. Since there is no overlap between injection and ignition, combustion is governed mainly by chemical kinetics and it is challenging to control the phasing of ignition. Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) combustion aims to control combustion phasing by altering the fuel ratios of the high- and low octane fuel and injection timings. In this study the dual fuel blend is prepared with gasoline and diesel fuels. The applied injection timings of the diesel are very early (90 to 60o CA bTDC). In the detailed reaction mechanism, n-heptane and iso-octane represent diesel and gasoline fuel, respectively. A multi-zone model approach is implemented to perform RCCI combustion simulation. Ignition characteristics are analyzed by using CA50 as the main parameter. In the experiments for the early direct injection (DI) timing advancing the injection time results in a later ignition. Qualitatively, the trend effect of the diesel injection timing and the effect of the ratio gasoline/diesel are captured accurately by the multi-zone model.