한국인의 행복과 좋은 죽음에 대한 표상과 인식의 특징

김명숙 ( Myung Sook Kim ) 충남대학교 인문과학연구소 2012 인문학연구 Vol.39 No.1

행복``은 개인이 삶에서 행동하여 얻고자 하는 성취의 궁극적 목적으로, 시대를 막론하고 모든 사람의 관심의 대상이다. 그러나 막상 ``행복이 무엇인지``에 대한 물음에 접했을 때, 행복에 대해 쉽게 설명할 수 있는 사람은 많지 않다. 삶의 목적이 행복이라면, "행복은 무엇인가? 어떻게 살아야 행복할까?"에 대해 고민하고 이를 좀 더 분명하게 알아야 할 필요가 있다. 경제적 발전에 온 관심이 집중되었던 지난 세기에, 행복은 흔히 물질적 풍요에 따라오는 것이라 생각되었다. 그러나 최근의 여러 연구들은 돈이 많고 물질적으로 풍요롭다고 해서 행복한 것이 아니라 오히려 반대의 인과관계가 성립한다고 보고한다. 본고에서 필자는 한국 성인들을 대상으로 수집한 질적 자료에 근거하여, 한국인이 지닌 ``행복``과 삶의 마무리로서의 ``잘 죽기``에 대한 표상과 인식의 특징을 밝히고 그에 대한 철학적 논의를 펼쳐 보고자 하였다. 자료의 분석을 통해서 한국인들이 암묵적으로 인식하고 있는 행복의 8가지 범주-① 신체적 안녕, ② 정서적 안녕, ③ 심리적 안녕, ④ 사회적 안녕, ⑤ 영적 안녕, ⑥ 윤리적 충만, ⑦ 미래세대의 안녕, ⑧ 경제적 안정-와, ``잘 죽기`` 위해 사람들은 후회와 미련 없이 최선을 다해 살고(심리적 안녕), 건강을 잘 관리하며(신체적 안녕), 긍정적인 마음으로 살아야 한다(정서적 안녕)고 인지하고 있음을 발견하였다. 본 연구를 종합하면서 몇 가지 주목할 점을 발견하였다. 첫째, 암묵적으로 사람들은 ``사회적 안녕``이 자신들의 행복에 가장 큰 영향을 미친다고 인지하고 있었다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 사회적 안녕 상태를 유지, 발전시켜 나가기 위해 행동하겠다고 한 사람은 전체의 1%에 불과했다. 둘째, 사람들이 암묵적으로 가장 바라는 상태의 행복은 심리적 안녕임에도 불구하고, 이들은 행복의 조건으로 정서적 안녕을 더 높이 들고 있었다. 셋째, 최근 한국인들이 ``물질 = 행복``이라고 여겨 불행한 사회가 되어 간다고 많은 대중매체들에서 우려하고 있는데, 행복의 조건이 경제적 안정이라고 한 응답은 전체의 12%에 지나지 않았다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 행복 개념의 8가지 범주는 인류(혹은 생태계) 전체의 행복이라는 시스템을 위해 작동하고 있는 자기조절(self-regulation) 체계의 하위 요소들의 건강으로 이해할 수 있다. 각 부분들이 통합되고 위계적인 전체를 형성하는 방식으로 상호작용하기 위해서는, 체계의 각 부분들은 저마다의 역할을 제대로 하고 긴밀하게 상호 연결되어야 한다. 균형 잡히고 지속가능한 ``행복``은 이를 구성하는 각 요소들이 하나로 통합되어서 ``행복``이라는 전체적인 체계를 구성할 때 비로소 출현하는 속성에 해당한다고 하겠다. 행복해지고자 한다면, 행복의 본질에 대해 시간을 들여 숙고하고, 구체적 계획과 실천 방안을 마련하여 이를 실천하고 점검하는 행동으로 옮겨야 한다. Characteristics of the Korean`s Representation and Understanding on Happiness and Good Death Kim, Myung-Sook ``Happiness`` is the ultimate purpose for every individuals behavior for achievement. Regardless of all era ``Happiness`` has been a interest for everybody. However, There is not much people who can answer when confronted by the question "What is happiness?". Considering that purpose of life is happiness needs for consideration of the questions such as "What is happiness? How can we achieve happiness?". During the past century happiness was considered normally accomplished by material affluence. Though recent researches shows that happiness is not only fulfilled by fortune and material affluence also there is a inverse proportion between those two. This paper, based on qualitative data, were examined representation and understanding on happiness and good death of Korean adults and discussed results in terms of philosophical thoughts. 10 Korean adults were deeply interviewed about happiness and good death by trained interviewers. 8 categories of happiness were found by grounded theoretical analysis:① physical well-being; ② emotional well-being; ③ psychological well-being; ④ social well-being; ⑤ spiritual well-being; ⑥ ethical fulfillment; ⑦ future generational well-being; ⑧ financial security. Koreans are implicitly recognized that, in order to live happy and well-dying, people should do his/her best to live without regret and remorse (psychological well-being), to manage the physical health (physical well-being), and to live with a positive mind (emotional well-being). Some notable findings of the study were as follow:First, Koreans implicitly aware that ``social well-being`` is the most influential to their own happiness. Nevertheless, only 1% of the sample engaged in that activities in order to promote and sustain their own social well-being; Second, Koreans implicitly understand psychological well-being of the most desired state, albeit as a condition of happiness, emotional well-being they listened to; Third, although ``material prosperity = happiness`` is considered a going concern in nowadays Korea, financial security condition of happiness is nothing more than one response was 12%. Happiness is a system that works for the entire system of self regulation of human beings. 8 categories of happiness can be understood as sub-components` health of the whole happiness system. In system theory, in order to regulate harmoniously whole happiness system, sub-components should play their own roles and are connected each other closely, and integrated as a unified system. Balanced and sustainable happiness is emerging when 8 categories of happiness make a integrated whole system. If you want to be happy, you should take the time to ponder about the nature of happiness, and make specific action plan and monitor it`s trajectories.

알코올의 섭취가 흰쥐의 혈액과 간의 지질대사에 미치는 영향

이명숙,김영연,김효숙,김매하,전진순,서진숙,송선미,양영재,윤원손,이미라,이효영,정승현 誠信女子大學校 生活文化硏究所 2004 生活文化硏究 Vol.18 No.-

To investigate the effects of ethanol on the lipid metabolism in blood and liver, twenty one male Sprague Dawley rats had orally taken the 25% alcohol and 50% alcohol by 5g per Kg of weight during 3 weeks after the adjusting period. For the energy balance, 85% sucrose and 45% sucrose was added in control group and 25% alcohol group each. The weight was reduced by alcohol treatment according to the levels, otherwise the weight of liver and heart was little increased in alcohol groups rather than in control without significance. Moreover, RBC, WBC, hemoglobin and hematocrit were increased by alcohol treatment according to the levels without significance. Otherwise, adjusted bilirubin levels by 100g of weight was significantly increased by alcohol treatment dose dependently. Alcohol induced RBC degradation and increased circulated bilirubin because of liver damage. For blood lipid profiles, blood cholesterol was increased in 50% of alcohol group compared to that of 25% and control groups, otherwise, blood triglycerides (TG) was increased by 30% in 25% alcohol groups rather than in control but not significantly different. The hepatic lipid composition, cholesterol levels in alcohol treatment groups was lower than those in control. The hepatic TG was not influenced by alcohol treatment. The two reasons of decreasing hepatic lipids were suggested by 85% sucrose of control for energy balance more synthesized cholesterol and TG than those in 25 or 50% alcohol groups, and by cholesterol and TG could not be synthesized because of liver damage from alcohol.

원효 저술에 대한 번역 현황과 그 연구사적 가치 고찰: 불교학술원 간행 『한글본 한국불교전서』 100권의 의의와 연계하여

한명숙(Han, Myung-Sook) 동국대학교 불교문화연구원 2021 佛敎學報 Vol.- No.95

동국대학교 불교학술원에서 간행 혹은 간행 예정인 「한글본 한국불교전서」 100권 중 원효와 관련된 저술의 특성과 의의를 조망하는 것이 이 글의 목적이다. 필자는 먼저 원효 번역서 간행의 현대적 의미를 그 저술을 관통하는 보편적 사유체계인 화쟁(和諍)에서 찾고 원효의 화쟁과 관련하여 지금까지 논의되지 않았던 문제, 곧 “왜, 화쟁해야 하는가?”라는 의문을 제기하고 그 해답을 찾았다. 그 결과 중죄를 짓지 않는 길이고 번뇌장과 소지장으로부터 벗어나는 길이라는 화쟁의 불교적 의미를 확인할 수 있었다. 다음은 「한글본 한국불교전서」에 수록된 원효 관련 저술 11권을 그 성격에 의해 세 범주로 분류하여 그 특성과 의의를 밝혔다. 첫째, 『한국불교전서』에 수록된 원효 저술로 총 9권으로 간행되었다. 원문의 철저한 교감, 전문적인 각주, 새로운 문헌 발굴 성과의 반영(『판비량론』), 인도불교 ․ 한국불교 전공자의 연구성과의 반영(『이장의』) 등에서 기존 번역서와 차별되는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 특성은 새로운 연구를 촉발시킬 수 있다는 점에서 그 의의가 자못 크다. 예를들어 『범망경보살계본사기』의 경우 저자와 찬술시기에 대한 이론(異論)이 제기되어 왔는데, 본서의 번역을 계기로 최유진과 한명숙에 의해 발전적 논의가 이루어졌음을 확인할 수 있었다. 둘째, 한국불교전서 에 수록되지 않은 원효의 저술도 1권 간행되었는데 『집일 금광명경소』가 그것이다. 현재 전해지지 않는 『금광명경소』를 역자가 직접 원문을 편찬하고 번역하였다. 본서는 향후 원효의 불신론(佛身論)에 대한 연구, 신라의학의 특성에 대한 연구의 발전에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다. 셋째, 원효의 저술에 대한 주석서를 번역한 책도 1권 간행되었는데 『지범요기조람집』이 그것이다. 본서는 『보살계본지범요기』에 대한 신엔(眞圓)의 주석서이다. 본서는 『보살계본지범요기』와 관련하여 이루어진 쟁점의 내용을 확인하고 그에 대한 확장적 연구의 길을 열어 줄 것으로 기대된다. 마지막으로 한국불교의 지속적 발전을 위해 남겨진 과제를 제시하였다. 첫째, 전문성을 가진 번역자를 양성해야 한다. 둘째, 현재 전해지지 않는 한국 학승의 저술을 발굴해야 하고 아울러 『집일 금광명경소』와 같은 집일본을 만들어야 한다. 셋째, 한국 학승 찬술설이 제기된 문헌에 대한 지속적 연구를 지원하고 이를 통해 그 확정적 지위를 확보한 저술은 『한국불교전서』에 입장(入藏)해야 한다. 넷째, 한국학승에 대한 동아시아 학승의 주석서를 발굴하고 연구함으로써 한국불교의 외연을 넓혀야 한다. This thesis considers the nature and meaning of the Wonhyo-related writing among the 100 Volumes to publish and to be published by the Academy of Buddhist Studies, Dongguk University. First, this study identified the modern meaning for the translation publication in harmonizing disputes, which is the universal way of thought being included in the writing. “Why should hwajaeng be done?,” which, to date, has not been discussed in relation to the harmonizing disputes of Wonhyo, was also addressed. The results indicate that the Buddhist meaning of harmonizing disputes is not to commit a grave sin and to be free from hindrance of defilements and of the known. Next, 11 volumes of the Wonhyo-related writings included in Hangeulbon Hangukbulgyojeonseo were classified into three categories based on their traits, and the characteristics and meaning of each were revealed. It was determined that nine volumes of Wonhyo writings are included in Hangukbulgyojeonseo. This was found to differ from the existing translation in terms of the thorough correction of the original text, footnotes, the application of new bibliographies, the reflection of research results of the majors in Indian and Korean Buddhism, and so on. It is very significant in that this trait can provoke new research. For example, in the case of Beommangyeongbosalgyebonsagi, the writer and the writing period have been questioned, but through this translation. It could be verified that Choi, You-Jin, and Han, Myung-Sook presented a developmental discussion. The second result is that one writing of Wonhyo not included in Hangukbulgyojeonseo, Jipil-Geumgwangmyeonggyeongso, has been published. The translator compiled and translated the original of Geumgwangmyeonggyeongso, which is not handed down in person. It is expected that this text will help Wonhyo’s theory of the Buddha’s body and the traits of Shilla medical science to be studied in the future. Third, one translation of a commentary on Wonhyo writing has also been published, known as Jibeomyogijoramjip. This text is the commentary of Shinen for Bosalgyebonjibeomyogi. It is expected that this text will highlight the controversial issue in relation to Bosalgyebonjibeomyogi and pave the way to expanding research on it. Lastly, this study suggests remaining issues for the continuous development of Korean Buddhism. First, there is a need for professional translators. Second, the writings of learned monks have to be discovered, though they are not being handed down nowadays. In addition, Jipilbon has to be made, such as Jipil-Geumgwangmyeonggyeongso. Third, research on the bibliographies in which it has been raised that Korean learned monks are supported consistently, and through this research, the writing which established the status should entry into Hangukbulgyojeonseo. Fourth, Korean Buddhism has to be extended externally by discovering and researching the commentary text of those in East Asia by Korean learned monks.

암환자가 지각한 사회적지지, 희망과 삶의 질과의 관계

태영숙,강은실,이명화,박금자 고신대학교 전인간호과학연구소 2002 전인간호과학연구 학술모음집 Vol.- No.-

The Relationship among Percieved Social Support, Hope and Quality of Life of Cancer Patients Tae, Young Sook. Kong, Eun Sil. Lee, Myung Hwa. Park, Geum Ja The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among percieved social support, hope and Quality of life of the cancer patients and to gain the baseline data for development of nursing intervention program for promoting quality of life in cancer patients. The design of this study was a cross sectional correlational survey. The subjects were 220 out and in-cancer patients in 5 general hospitals in Pusan The data were collected from July 2 to August 1,2001. The instruments were the Percieved social support scale(16 items, 5 point scale) had developed by Tae(1986), Hope scale(12 items, 4point scale) developed by Nowotny(1989) and Quality of life scale(31 items, 10 point scale) developed by Tae et. al(2000). The data was analyzed by the SPSS/PC+ program using frequency & percentage, item mean & standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA & Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results of this study was as follows : 1) The item mean score of quality of life was 6.05±1.16 (range 0-10) .The heighest score of subarea of the quality of life was the spiritual wellbeing area (7.09±1.63) and the lowest score was social wellbeing area(5.53±1.65). The mean score of perceived social support was 52.65±10.32 (최고 1, 최저 80). The mean score of family support was32.71±6.66 (range 1- 40) and the mean score of medical team support was 19.93±5.95 (range 1- 40). The mean score of Hope was 37.02±5.64 (range 1-48). 2) There were statistically significant difference in the score of quality of life according to the life effect of religion (F=3.97, p=0.00), treatment method(F=2.94, p=0.01), area of diagnosis (F=3.48, p=0.01), stage of disease (F=13.74, p= 0.00). 3) There was significant correlation between perceived social support(r=0.44, p= 0.000 ; family support: r=0.334, p=0.000, medical support; r=0.395, p=0.000), hope(r=0.563, p= 0.000) and quality of life. In conclusion, there was a significant relationship among perceived social support, hope and quality of life. Therefore perceived social support, hope intervention programs should be developed to improve the quality of life in cancer patients.

간호실무에서 신봉이론(Espoused theories)에 대한 탐색적 연구

서문자,김혜숙,이은희,박영숙,조경숙,강현숙,임난영,김주현,이소우,조복희,이명하,지성애,하양숙,손영희,권성복,김희진,추진아 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.1

As a nursing practice involves nurses' actions in a specific context of health care, this study has focused on exploring the espoused theories in nursing practice within the action science perspectives, Espoused theories are the belief, principles, and rationale expressed by the practitioner as guiding her/his actions in a situation of practice. The data were analysed qualitatively and 25 elements of espoused theories of nursing action were identified and clustered into 6 categories. The 25 elements of espoused theories are as follows: The clinical nurse worked in wholistic and individual nursing, focussed on the patient's needed, comfort and supportive nursing (5 theories of nursing goal) ; excellent skills, knowledge based, assessment and data collection, explaining, educating or a scientific basis(6 theories of nursing intervention): advocacy, value oriented, treatment, account- ability and commitment(4 theories of nursing ethics) ; human respect. partnership, trust(3 theories of patient-nurse relationship) : knowledgable, accumulated clinical experiences and personally lived experiences. positive perspectives(4 theories of nurse), role of intervention. rewarding peer relationship(3 theories of situations) The above mentioned espoused theories are similar to that of nursing textbooks which students learned through basic nursing education and almost the same as the Acts ofa Nurse in Korean. However, we are doubtful whether nurses actually do as they think. Therefore. it is recommended to review the theories-in-use in order to and any discrepancies between the espoused theories and the reality of nursing actions

노인의 영적 간호요구

최미혜,김경희,김귀옥,김기숙,김수강,김정신,김춘숙,노흥진,박지연,성혜연,오명선,이선희,이원옥,이윤영,이현수,장명재,차혜경,채정선,홍상희 중앙대학교 의과대학 간호학과 간호과학연구소 2001 중앙간호논문집 Vol.5 No.1

This study was designed to exam the aged's needs for spiritual nursing care. The purpose was to serve as a basis for the development of spiritual nursing practice. The major findings are as follows : 1. The degree of needs for spiritual nursing care as area was that needs of love and relationship mean 22.0, needs of meaning and object mean 28.2, needs of forgiving mean 13.5. Total needs for spiritual nursing care mean 63.7, which was on the upper middle level. The needs of meaning and object was rated highest. 2. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of love and relatiohship wasn't significanlty different. 3. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of meaning and object was significantly different according to two factors : age(F=7.260, p=0.001), religion(F=5.275, p=0.001). Higher needs of meaning and object was possessed by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other. 4. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, four factors made a significantly difference to needs of forgiving : sex(t=-2.851, p=0.006), age(F=8.201, p=0.001), religion(F=6.928, p=0.000), disease(t=2.327, p=0.024). Higher needs of forgiving was possessed by man than woman, by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other, by the one who have disease than the other.

Aflatoxin B_1 에 의하여 유발된 만성 간 병변에 대한 병리학적 연구

김명숙,강대영 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1990 충남의대잡지 Vol.17 No.1

In an attempt to elucidate the chronic pathological lesions induced by aflatoxin B_1, the present study in male Sprague-Dawely rats was undertaken to evaluate the relation between the light microscopic changes of the liver and the electron microscopic changes. The control group animals were fed basal diet. The experimental group animals were fed the powdered basal containing 1 ppm aflatoxin B_1 for 10 months with three times administration of aflatoxin B_1(1mg/kg) by gastric tube. The aflatoxin B_1 was dissolved in peanut oil (lmg aflatoxin B_1 to 1ml peanut oil). For demonstration of iron excluding foci, the animals were iron loaded by subcutaneous injection of 5mg iron dextran/40gm weight, in the inguinal region with the sides alternated two times per week for 2 weeks prior to killing. All animals were sacrificed after 10 months. The results on morphologic changes were as follows ; 1. Light microscopically, the normal hepatic lobular structure was distorted, and replaced by the basophilic nodules, eosinophilic nodules, vacuolated nodules and hyperplastic foci. 2. Light microscopically, the hyperplastic foci were distinct from the discrete modules often compressing the surrounding parenchyma. There was a decrease in the intensity of the PAS staining in the nodules compared with that of the control. 3. Electron microscopically, the nodular and hepatocellular carcinoma cells showed variation in the size and form of mitochondria, shortened or depleted microvilli, proliferation or blebbing of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, irregular shape nuclei and nuclear membrane, and nuclear segregation of fibrillar and granular elements, etc. 4. The eosinophilic nodules were distinguished from other lesion by the multiple concentric membranous bodies in the cytoplasm of nodular cells. These cytoplasmic structures were also present in some hepatocellular carcinoma cells. 5. Grossly, the incidence of hepatoma was 3.3%(1 rat), and microscopically the early lesion of hepatocellular carcinoma were observed in 2 rats(6.6%), which were linked with eosinophillic nodules. 6. Iron excluding foci were noted at the nodules and hepatocelluar carcinoma lesions, while iron was diffusely pigmented in the control. The observations provided some evidence suggesting that the eosinophilic nodules, rather than the basophilic nodules, may play a role in the development of malignancy in the rat liver.

개량누룩의 사용에 의한 탁주의 품질개선

소명환,이영숙,노완섭 한국식품영양학회 1999 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.12 No.4

누룩에서 분리한 Rhizopus japonicus T2, Aspergillus oryzae L2 및 Hansenula sp. BC26을 밀기울에 접종 및 배양하여 제조한 개량누룩으로 양조한 탁주와, 기존의 발효제인 시판누룩 및 쌀입국으로 양조한 탁주의 이화학적 특성과 관능적 특성을 비교 조사하였다. 총산함량은 시판누룩 술덧 0.88%, 쌀입국 술덧 0.47%, 개량누룩 술덧 0.39%이었고, 알콜함량은 개량누룩 술덧 15.5%, 쌀입국 술덧 15.1%, 시판누룩 술덧 9.0%이었다. 환원당함량은 시판누룩 술덧 2.80%, 개량누룩 술덧 1.24%, 쌀입국 술덧 0.80%이었고, 아미노산함량은 개략누룩 술덧 0.55%, 시판누룩 술덧 0.47%, 쌀입국 술덧 0.23%이었으며, 주박량은 시판누룩 술덧 4.14%, 쌀입국 술덧 2.80%, 개량누룩 술덧 1.51%이었다. 개량누룩 탁주와 시판누룩 탁주는 부유물이 매우 느리게 침전되었지만 쌀입국 탁주는 빨리 침전되었다. 색이 좋은 순위는 개량누룩 탁주, 시판누룩 탁주, 쌀입국 탁주이었고, 향 및 맛이 좋은 순위는 개량누룩 탁주, 쌀입국 탁주, 시판누룩 탁주이었다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 개량누룩 탁주가 시판누룩 탁주나 쌀입국 탁주보다 품질이 좋은 것으로 판단되었다. Physicochemical and sensory properties of Takju which was brewed with a modified Nuruk made by inoculation and cultivation of Rhizopus japonicus T2, Aspergillus oryzae L2 and Hansenula sp. BC26 isolated from Nuruk, were investigated, as compared with those with current fermenting agents such as commercial Nuruk and rice koji of Aspergillus kawachii. The contents of total acid were 0.88%, 0.47% and 0.39% in mash of commercial Nuruk, rice koji and modified Nuruk, respectively. The contents of alcohol were 15.5%, 15.1% and 9.0% in mash of modified Nuruk, rice koji and commercial Nuruk, respectively. The contents of reducing sugar were 2.80%, 1.24% and 0.80% in mash of commercial Nuruk, modified Nuruk and rice koji, respectively. The contents of amino acid were 0.55%, 0.47% and 0.23% in mash of modified Nuruk, commercial Nuruk and rice koji, respectively. Suspended solids were sedimented much more slowly in Takju of modified Nuruk or commercial Nuruk than in that of rice koji. Color was preferred in the order of Takju of modified Nuruk, rice koji, and commercial Nuruk. Therefore, it seemed that the Takju of modified Nuruk was better than that of commercial Nuruk or rice koji in quality.

산성조미료가 철냄비의 철 용출에 미치는 영향

김명선,한재숙,南出隆久 동아시아식생활학회 1999 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.9 No.4

Effect on iron dissolution from iron sauce pans treated with the acetic, malic, citric acid and concentration(0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0%) of acidity, boiling times(0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 mins.) and temperature(5, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100℃) of acidity solution and in new and used sauce pans was investigated. As acetic acid concentration increases, iron content has increased. Iron dissolution concentration from iron sauce pan for boiling in malic acid increased more than that of acetic acid and citric acid. At above 60℃, as temperature increases, concentration of iron dissolved from iron sauce pan has increased. As boiling time increases, concentration of iron dissolved from iron sauce pan has also increased. Concentration of iron by repeated use has increased. And iron concentration has dissolved in large amount from new pan rather than used pan. Concentration of iron with distilled water by repeated use has increased only slightly. But 1% acetic acid has dissolved in large quantities.

침지수의 염도 및 부재료가 통배추김치의 맛과 숙성에 미치는 영향

김명선,송주은,한재숙 동아시아식생활학회 1995 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.5 No.2

가정에서 맛있게 먹을 수 있는 김치를 과학적인 방법으로 손쉽게 만들기 위한 방안의 하나로 배추절임에 있어서 절임소금의 적당한 농도를 조사하였다. 적당한 소금의 농도(16%)로서 절임한 배추에 세 종류의 다른 부재료를 첨가한 김치에 대하여 pH, 산도, 환원당, 유리아미노산 및 관능검사를 실시한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 배추를 12%의 소금물에 5시간 절인 김치는 숙성이 빨리 진행된 반면, 20%의 소금물에 절인 김치는 숙성속도가 늦었다. 숙성기간 동안 배추의 조직속에 함유되어 있는 염도는 12%의 소금물에 절인 김치는 2.3±0.2%, 16%의 소금물에 절인 김치는 2.6±0.2%, 20%의 소금물에 절인 김치는 3.7±0.2%이었다. 관능검사 결과는 12%의 소금물에 절인 김치가 담근 첫날 매우 좋은 성적을 나타내었으며, 숙성이 진행됨에 따라 16%의 소금믈에 절인 김치의 관능적 평가가 가장 높았다. 20%의 소금물에 절인 김치는 전 숙성 기간동안 낮은 성적을 나타내었다. 종합적으로 16%의 소금물에 5시간 절인 것이 가장 좋은 평가를 받았다. 2. 위의 실험결과를 바탕으로 배추는 염도 16%의 소금물에 5시간 절인 배추에 기본 양념외에 부재료로서 각각 무, 부추, 실파를 넣고 담근 김치와 대조구로 아무것도 넣지 않은 김치에 대하여 같은 실험을 한 결과 pH, 염도, 산도에는 그다지 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 총 유리아미노산 함량은 파첨가김치가 매우 높게 나타났으며, 관능검사 결과는 부추첨가 김치가 가장 좋은 평가를 받았으며 다음으로는 무첨가김치, 파첨가김치, 대조김치의 순이었다. This study was investigated to find effects of soaking-water salt concentration and submaterial on Kimchi taste and fermentation period. Several parameters such as pH, acidity, reducing sugar, amino acid and sensory evaluation during fermentation at 20℃ were experimented. The results are as follows: As fermentation period increases, pH and content of reducing sugar of Kimchi have decreased. But acidity has increased. Especially, the pH of all samples rapidly decreased to a extent of pH 4.2. During fermentation, the acidity and content of reducing sugar in 12% soaking-water were higher than those in 16% and 20%. Content of reducing sugar in Kimchi was observed to play an important role for the overall taste. As a result of sensory evaluation during fermentation, Kimchi in 16% soaking-water was higher scored than that in 12% or 20% in crispness, salty taste, sweet taste, and overall acceptability. Salt concentration of Kimchi in 12% soaking-water was 2.3% and in 16%, 2.6% and in 20%, 3.7%. Sensory evaluation revealed that leek-added Kimchi was highly evaluated in crispness, sour taste, flavor and overall acceptability. These results suggested that Kimchi fermented for 4 days at 20℃ with 16% salt concentration of soaking water and leek as submaterials should taste most desirable.