노인의 민간치유관행에 나타난 질병의 의미

조명옥 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.4

This ethnography was conducted to describe the meaning of illness of the elderly in traditional folk healing performance. Method : This study was guided by Klienman's explanatory model of health care systems. The fieldwork was conducted in an agricultural clan of Namwon City from January of 1990 to Feburary of 2001. Research data were collected by Ehnographic interview and participant observation. Participants of this study were 10 elders aged 74 fears old to 96 years old: two of them were male. The data were analysed with the techniques of taxanomy, flow and decision, and proxemics. Result: The meaning of illness was categorized with four components, that is, ritual for life, defeat and failure in power game, humiliating punishment for guilt, and Tal. Concussion : These meanings were constructed on physical and socio-cultural environment of this clan. The healing strategies were determined based on the meanings of illness. These results can be used to understand the health behavior of the elderly and thus ensure the quality of nursing for the elderly.

노인의 질병 관념에 관한 문화기술적 연구

조명옥 성인간호학회 2000 성인간호학회지 Vol.12 No.4

This ethnography was based on Kleinman's explanatory model of a health care system. It is conducted to make thick discription of illness conception of the elderly in a sociocultural context. The basic assumptions were as follows. 1) A health care system is a cultural system, and as with any other cultural system, it is a system of symbolic meanings anchored in a particular arrangement of social institutions and patterns of interpersonal relationships; 2) In all societies health care activities are more or less interrelated. Therefore, they need to be in a holistic manner as socially organized responses to disease that constitute a special cultural system; health care system; 3) Health and illness experiences are the natural process of disease. Individuals who recogonized a for state of health, their family, neighbors, and communities define the state, search for causes of the health problems, and response to it. According by, they proceed to search for healing strategies. So, understanding of the illness experience is the starting point for health care. The study participants were 12 elders acted 60 or mole. The fieldwork was conducted in an agricultural clan village of Namwon city. The data collection and analysis were cyclic, from descriptive observation, domain analysis, focused observation, taxanomic analysis, selected observation. componential analysis, and finally cultural themes were all analysed proxemic and test analysis techniques were used according to the characteristics of the data. The data of sociocultural context and descriptive data were collected from 1990 to 1992. Informations on illness concepts were collected during 1994 using focused observation. Data confirming and contrast observations were conducted from 1997 and 1999. Illness concepts of the eldery were taxonomized supernatural cause, nun-supernatural cause, immediate cause, and ultimate cause. The supernatural ones were ancestors. god of home, god of village, and ghost such as 'sal(evil force of dead man)' and 'gagqui(ghost of begger)'. The non-supernataral ones were Ki, natural phenomenones, natural objects, foods, human and human behaviors. Immediate ones were insufficiency and overflows, discretion and consolidation, disorder anti out of order, cloudness and contamination, and fluctuation and stagnation of supernatural cause and non-supernatural ones. Ultimate causes were intrusion and loss of supernatural and non-supernatural one. The cultural themes of illness concepts of the elderly are: 1) illness concepts are not based on causality principle, but on reciprocal principle; 2) illness concepts are affected by social level and charicteristics of the patients; 3) the causes of disease are recognized as imposed both positive and negative effects on health based on interpretation of the individuals; 4) illness concepts reflects on principles of everyday life of the society members such as hierachial structure and group cohesiveness; 5) illness concepts are ruled on principle of reciprocity and spread ; 6) illness concepts are interrelated with physical environment of the participants. It can be concluded that the illness concepts of the elderly in a traditional clan village are a component of health care system as a cultural system based on these results. The these results can be a useful basis tool gerontological nursing practice and education.

질적 간호 연구 방법 : 문화기술지 a qualitative approach in nursing research

조명옥 연세대학교 간호정책연구소 2003 간호학탐구 Vol.12 No.1

This article aimed to make clear understanding about ethnography as a nursing research method. Ethnography is a research process of learning about people by learning from them. This approach is used by investors to understand and describe why a group of people do what they do. In other words, ethnography is a culture to study culture. Thus, culture is a core concept of ethnography. This approach based on wholistic view of culture, cultural relativism, indigenous and analytic concept of behavior, and comparative view of culture. Ethnography has many research traditions as to the cultural view and specific method: wholistic ethnography, ethnoscience, ethnograpy of communication, or critical ethnography. Notwithstanding such differences, the ethnographic traditions do share many common features. They grounded in a commitment to the first-hand experience and exploration of a particular social or cultural setting on the basis of participant observation. During the inquiring process, an ethnographer create a research design, participate and discover the experiences of a people in the field, explain their experiences, and make text with the indigenous concept of native people and analytic concept of ethnographer. In many clinical field of nursing, whether it is consisted of diverse ethnic group or not, there are cultural differences between client and nurse. If this cultural difference or conflicts are not solved, the efficacy of nursing practice cant be secured. Ethnograpy can served to construct a bridge over the cultural gap between client and nurse.

수용범위 피드백이 배구의 언더핸드 서브학습에 미치는 효과

김명옥,김달영 公州大學校스포츠科學硏究所 1999 스포츠科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.13

The purpose of this study is to investigate of relative efficiency between every-trial knowledge of result and bandwidth knowledge of result on the learning of volleyball under-hand serve. This study used junior high school students of third grad who never had experience about volley ball. This study objects were divided three groups which had ten girls. The each groups were endowed by every-trial knowledge of result, by 2m bandwidth knowledge of result, and by 4m bandwidth knowledge of result. The result of this study are follows. First, in acquirement stage, to endow by every-trial knowledge of result isn't different from to endow by bandwidth knowledge of result. Second, in learning stage, it is more improved learning to endow by 4m bandwidth knowledge of result than to endow by every-trial knowledge of result, but it isn't different from to endow by 2m bandwidth knowledge of result.

호돈의 내러티브 테크닉 : 『주홍글자』에 나타난 현실과 공상의 중립적 영역 A Neutral Territory of the Actual and the Imaginary in The Scarlet Letter

김명옥 한국현대영어영문학회 2000 현대영어영문학 Vol.44 No.1

This paper aims at discussing how effectively and artistically Hawthorne expresses his theory of a Romance whose wold is a neutral territory of the Actual and Imaginary in his masterpiece, The Scarlet Letter. Hawthorne develops his view of mixture of the Actual and Imaginary in his fiction when he deliberately designs its setting and characters, and uses three main metaphors. In The Scarlet Letter the setting is bounded by both the actual and the imaginary. Hawthorne uses the history of the Puritan society, which gives its fiction a sense of reality. In the Puritan setting, the imaginary is basically built on the superstitious belief or fantasies of the Puritans. Puritans "real" world is mixed with their "really" imaginary belief. The characters like the setting, are bounded by the actual and the imaginary. Each of main characters is a human being in one sense but at the same time he or she is an allegorical type. Among characters, both Hester and Dimmesdale are more real than allegorical, on the other hand, both Chillingworth and Pearl are more allegorical than real. To convey the intermingling of the actual and the imaginary, Hawthorne employs the three metaphors of moonlight, the mirror, and the half-dream very effectively. The metaphor of moonlight, "making every object so minutely visible, yet so unlike a morning or noontide visibility," is "a medium the most suitable for a romance-writer to get acquainted with his illusive guest" as described in "The Custom House." The mirror reflects the physical reality and creates the semblance of the world. The third metaphor, half-dream, is effectively expressed in Hester's fantasy and in Dimmesdale's fantasy. The blending of the actual and the imaginary elicits the ambiguous responses to the work. Ambiguity is conveyed more effectively by the narrative strategy. The narrator plays an ambivalent role. Though the narrator is not a character who takes part in the events directly, he is an important figure throughout the work. Sometimes the narrator is deeply involved in the events of the work that he seems to ask us to feel sympathy for the characters; at other times, he maintains distance from them. Sometimes the narrator makes a direct address to the readers, but at the same time, he does not comment at all on even the crucial moments of the work. Instead he continues to say, "the reader may choose among these theories." After all, the technique of ambiguity presents us an opportunity for choosing one among more than two, though our choice is not easy. The whole vision is open to us. We can respond to the work with variety. It may be fruitful to understand our own ambiguous feelings about this work by placing them in the context of a Romance of a neutral territory of the actual and the imaginary and the ambivalent narrative voice.

노인돌봄 행위의 전승에 관한 문화기술적 연구

조명옥 노인간호학회 1999 노인간호학회지 Vol.1 No.1

Culture is the patterns of and for human behaviors, and defined norms and rules for the society. Caring behaviors are based on social rules, and they are a cultural phenomenon. Culture has several characteristics, that are learned by socialization, shared with member of society, passed on from era to era. Culture is a dynamic process, that is changing by diffusion of other cultural traits, invention or discovery of new cultural traits, and abandonment of inadequate traits and replacement by more suitable ones. Caring, as a cultural trait, is also changing along with these process. The purpose of this cultural process is social equilibrium and human survival. Nursing is a caring. So, caring as a culture, is an essential component of human life and nursing practice. Caring is composed of two systems, which are folk and professional caring. The quality of nursing care depends on the harmonious relationship of these two systems. This study is aimed at making a description of the regulating rules for succession of folk caring behaviors for the elderly. Ethnographic fieldwork was conducted in a agricultural clan in Namwon city, from Jan. 1990 to Feb. 1997. The key informants were 12 elderly individuals. Research data were composed of sociocultural context, research information, and basic data. These data were collected using participation as observer techniques and ethnographic interviews of Spradley. The data were analysed by use of the taxonomic technique, flow and decision, and proxemics. Caring behaviors for the elderly are learned and passed on by several rules and reinforcement techniques. The desirable behaviors were reinforced by the acknowledgement of caring behaviors and personal or familial dignity using praise and award. The undesirable caring behaviors were controlled with social pressure, cynical expression, extending social and physical distance, excluding person from the village community life, severing kinship, and expelling the family from the village. These rewards and punishments were carried out collectively by all of residents, and the effects were extended from actor to his family, ancestors and descendents. The basic ideas which ruled out these behaviors were : reciprocal retribution, hierarchial, cohesiveness. Results of this study could be a basis for culture-care practice and theory for gerontological nursing. Comparative ethnographic research in the modern urban community would be made more useful knowledge for gerontological nursing.

Marie de France의 lais에 나타난 여성의 역할

김명옥 한국중세영문학회 1998 중세영문학 Vol.6 No.-

The Role of Women in Marie de France's laisMarie de France's lais mostly deal with the life of ordinary people coping with the problems, unhappy marriage between young wife and old posessive husband, and inadquate reward for services. Marie is concerned with the inequal relationship between an and woman in the limitations of people and society. Marie explores the roles and behaviors of man and woman in the male-dominated courtly culture. Marie's woman, in particular, are suffered from the double myth of female inferiority and male superiority.Marie's women are beings exiled from the male- dorminated public society, and at the same time they know suffering in their persoal and private lives. They, however, find outlets for the suffering in thier love or imagination. Marie's women in her lais help another females, cure the wounded men, satisfy men's physical and emotional needs, or love men discarded from the public society. The women's world is that of caring and love, which is contrary to the posessive and violent world of men.Marie shows the double gender structure of the courtly culture. but simultaneously she revises its structure. This paper studies the role of women in Gigemar, Lanval and Yoned in which Marie explores the gender anxieties. In Gigemar, Gigemar is a unnaturally perfect person in masculinity. He has no concern about love. When Gigemar is hurt by rebounded arrow, his physical wound and emotional imbalance have been healed by a woman who discovered him. The woman helps Gigemar, cures his wound, feeds him, and supplies feminine love lacking in his life. The woman, however, suffers for him and is exiled from the society. In Lanval, we are told that Lanval is known for his valor generosity, bravery, but that most of men and even King Arthur are jealous of these traits of his. He is a socially isolated person from his courtly culture. The woman from other world, Avalun, not only loves him, But treats his emotional wound. She helps him to restore the public identity he lost, supplying his material needs. The woman's role in Lanval is very similar to that in Gigemar, even if Lanval's woman does not undergo the suffering that Gigemar's woman does. Marie criticizes a male gaze watching a woman's body when she describes the woman's beautiful body. She cuts a male gaze, revising the traditional descriptive style.The woman in Yonec is isolated from the human society, trapped in a miserable marrage. She has been physically decayed from her living death. Her situation is much more desperate than that of Gigemar's woman. The young woman imagines aventures in order to find outlets from her life. Both in literary imagination and in reality, her lover flies to her as a hawk-knight and offers the healing love. Marie revises the double gender structure through the hawk knight's sexual transformation. the woman's wound is cured by the healing love he offers. The lovers suffer for thier love. but thier love comes to have a creative power. Love gives birth to both their son, Yonec and the lai, Yonec. The role of women in these three lais is to heal man's physical and emotional wound. Marie may give messages to women audience in order for them to recognize the inequal gender structure inherent in their culture through the role of her women. Mary also may try to cure this inequality in society through her words, as if her female characters might cure their lovers' wound through their love.

통합적 림프부종 간호중재 개발 연구

조명옥,정향미,전점이,손수경,우영자,노미영,박순옥 성인간호학회 2003 성인간호학회지 Vol.15 No.2

The purpose of this study was the development of a comprehensive nursing intervention program for the client with acute lymph stasis and stage I lymphedema. Method: The Quasi-experimental design using a non-equivalent control group was used. The subjects were 22 stroke patients with lymph stasis in the control group and 23 patients in the experimental group. The complex physical therapy of Casley-Smith was carried out to the control group for 0 hours, and comprehensive nursing intervention for the experimental group was carried out for 60 minutes. The data for this study was gathered from Feb. 2002 until June 2002 and pertains knowledge about lymphedema, self-care for managing lymphedema, and circumferences of affected limbs. Data was analyzed by mean, standard deviation, x^2-test. And t-test. Result: The changes in knowledge about lymphedema, self-care practices, and circumference of affected limbs after nursing intervention did not show significant differences between control group and experiment group. Conclusion : It can be concluded that comprehensive nursing intervention had more efficiency than complex physical therapy in the treatment of edema for stroke patients because of it’s simplicity and time saving. Thereby, the comprehensive nursing intervention program developed in this study would be a useful therapy for the clients with lymph stasis and early stage lymphedema.

림프부종 환자의 자가관리에 관한 실태 조사

조명옥,정향미,전점이,손수경,우영자,노미영,박순옥 성인간호학회 2003 성인간호학회지 Vol.15 No.3

Purpose : The purpose of this descriptive study was to gain basic data to develop a self-care protocol for the lymphedema patients. Method : The subjects of this study consisted of 115 patients with lymphedema from 8 hospitals and two community health and welfare centers in Busan and Seoul. The data was collected with questionnaire by self reporting of patients between March 2001 and December 2001. Data was analyzed by mean and percentage. Result : For self-care activities in daily life, compliance of 'use skin care preparations', 'use heat and cold', 'protect from local compression on affected limbs', 'protect from insect biting', 'use aids to protect affected limbs', 'take diuretics and take protein diet' did not reach to 50%. For self-care activities related to complex physical therapy, 28.7% of subjects complied with compression garment, 14.8% with manual lymph drainage and 13.0% with exercise, 20.0% of subjects tried to treat with acupuncture and 13.9% with heat therapy. Conclusion : From this study, it is suggested that patients need to get a self-care education with correct information about self care activities and health care professionals need to develop more convenience self-care techniques of massage and exercise.

투기, 구기, 라켓경기 선수의 피하지방 두께와 근질량 비교분석

최명진,안세옥 경희대학교 사회체육연구소 1996 體育科學論叢 Vol.- No.9

The purpose of this study was to discriminate the characteristics of muscle mass and skinfold thickness in made cdlesiate athletes 120 athletes from three parts of sport events who were 20∼22 years old (mean 21 age years). with ape of 21 years ANOVA. swbjects were 120 1. The maximal upper arm girth means corrected for the tricep skinfold thickness were ranged from 26.05 for the taekwondo to 31.41 for the judo. Judo was one of the greatest maximal upper arm girth means corrected for the tricep skinfold thickness in all sports (rugby, table tennis, handball, badminton, taekwondo). By scheffe test, judo and rugby is different from other sports. 2. The maximal forearm girth means were ranged from 26.13 for the taekwondo to 29.28 for the judo. Judo was one of the greatest maximal forearm arm girth means corrected for the tricep skinfold thickness in all sports (rugby, table tennis, handball, badminton, taekwondo). By scheffe test, rugby was different from taekwondo, Judo was different from taekwondo, handball, badminton, table tennis. 3. The mid thigh girth means corrected for the front thigh skinfold thickness were ranged from 50.75 for the table tennis to 57.09 for the rugby. Rugby was one of the greatest maximal mid thigh girth means corrected for the tricep skinfold thickness in all sports (rugby, table tennis, handball, badminton, taekwondo). By scheffe test, judo was different from table tennis. Rugby was different from taekwondo, handball, badminton, table tennis. 4. The maximal calf girth means corrected for the calf skinfold thickness were ranged from 34.69 for the Table tennis to 39.61 for the rugby, Rugby was one of the greatest maximal calf girth means corrected for the tricep skinfold thickness in all sports (rugby, table tennis, handball, badminton, taekwondo). By scheffe test, rugby was different from badminton. judo different from taekwondo, handball, badminton, table tennis. 5. The muscle mass were ranged from 41.88 for the table tennis to 53.07 for the rugby. Rugby had significantly greater muscle mass than other sports (judo, handball, taekwondo, badminton, table tennis). By scheffe test, rugby was different from taekwondo and judo was different from other sports (handball, taekwondo, badminton, table tennis). 6. The percentage of body mass was ranged from 61.29 for the Judo to 64.34 or the handball. Handball had significantly greater a percentage of body mass than other sports (badminton, taekwondo, rugby, table tennis, judo). By scheffe test, fudo is only different from handball. 7. The sum of skinfold thickness was ranged from 24.9mm for the taekwondo to 36.9mm for the judo. Judo had significantly greater the sum of skinfold thickness than other sports (rugby, badminton, table tennis, handball, taekwondo). By scheffe test, Judo is different from taekwondo and handball.