高麗 明宗代의 정치와 內侍

金載名(Kim, Jae-Myoung) 한국사학회 2010 史學硏究 Vol.- No.99

武人政變으로 명종이 즉위하면서 내시 구성에도 큰 변화가 생겼다. 어느 때보다도 새로운 인물이 대거 내시로 등용되었기 때문이다. 하지만 왕과 교분이 두터운 側近 출신은 많지 않았으며, 무반으로 내시가 된 예도 거의 없었다. 대신 親武臣的인 성향의 文臣이 다수 내시로 선임되었다. 이런 가운데 명종 3년 일부 문반 출신의 내시가 反武臣亂인 金甫當의 亂에 가담한 사건이 발생했다. 이에 집권 무신은 이들을 대신해 문반 관직을 겸임한 무신을 내시로 등용하는 방안을 적극 모색하였다. 李義方의 아우인 李隣이 그 시초였다. 그러는 한편 학문이 뛰어난 문신의 등용도 계속하였다. 직무수행의 효율성을 위해서는 어쩔 수 없었다. 그 결과 내시의 수는 한때 정원을 초과할 정도로 크게 늘어났다. 그리고 이 무렵 왕은 통치력을 거의 상실했다. 兵權은 물론 人事權과 刑罰權도 제대로 행사하지 못했다. 심지어 왕을 近侍하는 내시의 임면조차 집권 무신의 뜻에 따라 행해지는 경우가 허다했다. 이에 따라 왕보다 權臣에게 충성하는 내시가 훨씬 많아졌다. 이런 현상은 慶大升執權期까지 계속되었다. 그러다 명종 14년 李義旼의 집권을 계기로 상황이 달라지기 시작하였다. 財政權과 人事權을 중심으로 왕의 통치력이 상당 수준 회복된 것이다.내시를 비롯한 측근과 宗親?小君, 그리고 일부 朝官의 지지와 도움이 컸다. 이에 따라 내시의 구성과 성격에도 변화가 일어났다. 親王的 內侍의 수가 크게 늘어났고, 내시 구성도 그간의 親武臣 위주의 틀에서 벗어나 양자가 균형을 이루었다. 명종 말에 崔忠獻이 무더기로 내시를 축출하고 국왕마저 폐위한 것은 바로 이런 이유에서였다. 내시를 비롯한 측근세력의 도움으로 명종의 통치력이 상당히 회복되었던 만큼 권력기반을 확고히 하기 위해서는 이의민뿐 아니라 이들 모두를 제거하지 않을 수 없었던 것이다. 이런 면에서 최충헌의 집권은 단순한 무인집정자의 교체가 아니라 복고되어 가던 왕정체제를 재차 붕괴시킨 또 하나의 武人政變이었다고 할 수 있다. The organization of Nasi changed a lot after king Myoung-jong came to the throne with military revolution. A lot of new officials were picked for Nasis than before. However, there were not lots of surroundings of the king, and it was rare for military officials to be Nasis. Meanwhile, civil officials who kept friendly relationship with military ones were nominated to Nasis. In the 3rd year of Myoung-jong, some Nasis from civil officials took part in Kim Bo-dang"s(金甫當) rebellion which was against military revolution. So military rulers actively drew up a plan of nominating military officials who could play a role of civil officials at the same time, instead of taking Nasis from civil officials. Lee Ryn(李隣), Lee E?i-bang"s(李義方) brother, was the first man whose brother was the most powerful ruler. On the other hand, the government continued to appoint competent civil officials to Nasis for a high degree of efficiency. As a result, the number of Nasis increased a lot enough to exceed the fixed number of people. By this time, king almost lost his ruling power; He couldn"t control properly the authority of human, and the power of punishment and amnesty as well as his military power. As well, he could not help following the military rulers" decision even when it comes to the matter of appointing Nasis who had to support him. So it happened that many Nasis were loyal to military rulers who had strong power, not to the king. It continued to the period of Gyoung Dae-seung"s(慶大升) military rule. Therefore, in the 14th year of Myoung-jong, the political situation began to change with Lee E?i-min"s(李義旼) military rule. King"s power was recoverd around finance and personnel administration significantly. The king"s surroundings including Nasis, Royal families, sons of King"s concubine, and some civil officials made it possible. And it caused to change the organization and political character of Nasis. The number of Nasis who kept friendly relationship with the king increased a lot. And the organization of Nasis started to keep new balance breaking the frame that was composed of members who were co-operative to military rulers. For this reason, Choi Chung-hyeon(崔忠獻) expelled a lot of Nasis who were close to the king and took the crown from the king. He had to remove not only the military ruler, Lee E?i-min, but also king Myoung-jong and the king"s helpers to confirm the basis of political power, because king Myoung-jong had already recovered his ruling power a lot with the help of Nasis. From this point of view, we can say Choi Chung-hyeon"s rule the second military revolution that collapsed again the restoration of the royal regime, not simple military ruler"s exchange.

일반 논문 : 최인훈의『광장』에 나타난 분단현실 인식과 의미 연구

김명준 ( Myoung Jun Kim ) 단국대학교 한국문화기술연구소 2008 한국문화기술 Vol.6 No.-

This research is purposed to observe the character of ideology and the symbolic meaning of space in Kwang Jang. In addition, it presents how a writer recognized the reality of divided country and signified such facts with focusing on the writer’s reaction. Yi, Myoung-jun, the protagonist of Kwang Jang got furious and disillusioned at the dark side of ideology through experiencing three cases: ‘violence case at S police station’,‘self-accusation at Labor Herald’and‘a conflict with released hostage in the process of a neutral power’. In this novel,‘S police station’is judged as ritual place to resurrection and ‘a cave’is symbolized for the space of union and birth. It means that the writer switched external social despairs to internal love affairs. Yi, Myoung-jun, lived as a watcher between reality and ideal, finally did not overcome the conflict world and fell into the situation because of the rules of reality. His ideal dream revealed just a day-dream that cannot come true in reality. Eventually, he realized a neutral power, which he believed in a slim chance of new life, was merely‘an island in fantasy’, and then this seemed to be a natural conclusion of an ideologist. The writer, Choi, In-hun’s descriptive recognition basically leans on individual sense of western modern. He presents external society to come true and internal love to keep relation ship through a character. Furthermore, the writer symbolizes these two worlds for open square and closed room, and also hope for reconcile both. In order to do this, he has a descriptive strategy to show a conflict such as different ideology and hypocrisy power through figuring out a problematic individual.

Distal Femoral Medial Opening Wedge Osteotomy for Post-Traumatic, Distal Femoral Varus Deformity

Myoung­Soo Cha,송시영,Koo-Hyun Jung,Young-­Jin Seo 대한슬관절학회 2019 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.31 No.1

Restoration of neutral mechanical alignment of the lower limb is an important factor in the treatment of unicompartmental arthrosis. Traditionally, medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy has been widely performed to correct varus malalignment with unicompartmental arthrosis. However, an ideal indication for the high tibial osteotomy is the knee with metaphyseal tibial varus malalignment. The basic principle of corrective osteotomy is performing an osteotomy at the center of the deformity to prevent abnormal joint line obliquity. If pathologic distal femoral varus deformity is the cause of genu varum, the osteotomy should be performed in the distal femur. Reports of medial opening wedge distal femoral osteotomy (DFO) to correct varus malalignment are rare. We present a case of this very rare and challenging condition in a 47­year­old male, which was successfully treated by medial opening wedge DFO.

소문으로 구성된 김명순의 삶과 문학

최명표 ( Myoung Pyo Choi ) 현대문학이론학회 2007 現代文學理論硏究 Vol.0 No.30

배선기구의 접촉불량으로 인한 전기화재 위험성에 관한 연구

한명수,신명호 서울산업대학교 2005 논문집 Vol.54 No.3

각종 화재원인 중에서 차단기 및 터미널 등의 배선기구의 접촉불량으로 인한 전기화재가 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 본 논문에서는 매년 증가 추세에 있는 접촉불량으로 인한 전기화재 위험성에 관해 발생현황을 살펴보고, 저기화재 판별의 주요한 원인인 아산화동의 증식 발열현상에 대해서 살펴본다. 아산화동의 증식발열이 전기화재의 원인임을 밝히기 위하여 출화된 차단기의 단자에서 빼낸 전선을 확대경으로 관찰하여 아산화동에서만 발견되는 특징을 제시한다. 또한 접촉불량으로 인한 전기화재를 예방하기 위한 예방대책을 제시한다. Electrical fires due to the weakness of the electrical contact is being increased. In this paper, the various electrical fires due to the weakness of the electrical contact are investigated. In addition, the characteristics of Cu20 which is main cause of electrical fire are investigated. Further, the methods to prevent the electrical fires due to the weakness of the electrical contact are proposed.

경골골절환자의 통계적 고찰 : 치료기간과 관절운동범위에 대하여 Correlation between R.O.M. and duration of Treatment

김명훈 광주보건대학 1989 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

One hundred and forty three patient with a fracture of tibia1 shaft has been treated and managed in the Depatment of Physical Therapy, (Chosun Universial Hospital, Hyou Sung Hospital, Cho Se Hyun Hospital, Kwangju Christian Hospial, Moon Myoung Ho Hospital) from January 1 , 1987 t o December 31, 1988. The resdts were as follows: 1. The sex ratio between male and female was 5. 5 : 1. 2. In age distribution, the most predorninent age group was over 31 -41 years(32.9%) . 3. Cause of fracture was traffic accident alrnostiy(77.6%). 4. In the shape of fracture, comunuted fracture, transverse fracture, oblique fracture were common in order. 5. Among the 143 cases, 33.5% was treated for 2- 3 monthe. 6. There was worked increasing range of month in 74.8% but not improved in 11.2%.

컴퓨터에 의한 디바이드 스커트 제도에 관한 연구

安明子,朴明愛 대구산업정보대학 1991 논문집 Vol.5 No.-

The use of the apparel computer system is growing very rapidly. So must be developed program of every clothing to use apparel computer system efficiently. The purpose of the study was to develop a computer program for pattern making of divided skirt. IBM PC 80386 Computer and Auto CAD Release 10, Auto LISP, Roland DPX Plotter 3500 were used in this study. The results were as follows; 1. Basic points which could be connected to depict basic patterns were represented with the numerical expression. 2. The patterns of divided skirt were automatically depicted by inputting the standard size. Body measurements for pattern ; waist girth, middle hip girth, hip girth, skirt length, stature. 3. Grading of ready-made size was accomplished by using same method. 4. The patterns of divided skirt by inputting indivisual body measurements was depicted automatically.

스트레스와 면역반응에 대한 국내 논문분석

채영란,김금순,최명애,안경애,김명애,서순림,홍해숙,정재심,박금화,이성희 대한기초간호자연과학회 2002 Journal of korean biological nursing science Vol.4 No.2

This study was aimed to analyze the variables measuring stress and imnnune responses, to identify the relationship between stress and imnnune responses, and to find out the effect of nursing interventions associated with stress and immune responses by reviewing thirty-four published articles since 1970 in Korea. The articles were selected in the field of nursing, stress management, and masters or doctoral dissertations and limited to human subject. Among these, the thirty-one articles were published since 1996 and mainly distributed in nursing(44.1%) and medicine(44.1%). The prevailing research design was nonequivalent control pre-post experimental design (41.1%). The research subjects were 55.9% for patients and 44.1% for healthy general persons including 20.6% of university students. To evaluate stress, both physiologic and psychosocial measures were adapted together in 35.3% of the articles. The most frequent two variables measuring stress and immune response were cortisol leve1(15.9%) and number or activity of natural killer ce11(25.9%). The relation between stress and immune responses was positive in 4 articles, negative in 9 cases, and none in 12 cases. Decreased stress and enhanced immune function have been found when massage, abdominal breathing, exercise, relaxation, and touch were provided as nursing interventions. The articles to investigate the relationship between stress and immune function were limited and the tested variables were diverse. Also there was no consistent evidence to correlate the stress and immune function at present. Further studies are needed to construct a valid research design and to investigate the relationship between stress and immune responses. Nursing interventions to decrease stress should be developed to result in the increased immune function and the effect of these interventions would be verified.

경구면역을 통한 항원 특이적 IgA 항체 합성에 있어 Cholera Toxin과 Alginate-Microsphere의 효과

송민형,유진수,권명상,성승룡,김용희,권익찬,정서영,양재명,김평현 大韓免疫學會 1996 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.18 No.3

Secretory (S-IgA) isotype antibody (Ab) is known to play an essential role in the primary defense against various infectious agents in mucosal tissue. However, it has been mostly unsuccessful in the induction of antigen (Ag)-specific IgA Ab response in this site by peroral vaccination. In the present study, we investigated the effect of cholera toxin (CI) as a mucosal adjuvant and alginates-microspheres as a carrier on BSA-specific IgA Ab response in gut-associated lymphoid tissue`(GALT). Peroral immunization of BSA plus CT conferred a great BSA-specific IgA response but IgG response on intestinal fluid (IF). In contrast, intraperitoneal immunization of BSA with Freund's adjuvant readily induced BSA-specific IgG response but IgA response in IF. Further, number of CT specific IgA-secreting cells was substantially increased in mesenteric lymph node when CT-encapsulated-VI alginates-microspheres was administered perorally. Taken together, these results indicate that peroral immunization of soluble antigen in combination of CT or microspheres significantly enhances antigen-specific IgA response in GALT.

밀폐장내 실리카겔의 습도조절 효과 연구

김명남,유혜선 국립중앙박물관 2000 박물관보존과학 Vol.2 No.-

본 실험은 국립박물관을 비롯한 현재 국내외 박물관 및 미술관에서 주로 사용하고 있는 습도조절제(ART-SORB)의 효능을 측정하여 미소환경 조절시 보다 효과적으로 사용할 수 있는 기초자료를 축적하는데 그 목적이 있다. 실험은 외기의 영향을 배제시키고 습도조절제만의 효과를 측정하고자 밀폐조건하에서 수행하였다. 보관장 크기를 고려한 일정량의 ART-SORB 및 카세트(cassette) 형태의 ART-SORB를 투여하여 습도조절 능력을 측정하였다. 실험결과 체적당 정량을 사용한 실험에선 10~17시간 후 목표습도에 도달하였고, 카세트 단위의 과량의 ART-SORB 사용시에는 5~6시간 시간 내에 목표습도에 도달하였으며, 50〜70% RH 범위내에서 습도 조절이 가능함을 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한 ART-SORB는 저습조건에서 습도를 상승시키는데 탁월한 효과가 있었으며, 고습조건에서는 습도조절 능력이 미약했다. 그러므로 ART-SORB는 높은 습도조건이 요구되는 유물 (목기, 칠기류,서화류 등)의 미소환경관리에 보다 효과적인 완충재임을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 본 실험은 밀폐성이 우수한 보관장에서의 실험이므로 실제진열장에 그대로 적용된다고 보기는 어렵다. 따라서 밀폐성이 보장되는 진열장이 우선 마련되어야 습도조절제의 효과가 크게 발휘될 수 있다. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of ART-SORB which is commonly used in museums and galleries at home and abroad including National Museum of Korea, so as to collect useful information to control micro-environment. Experiment was conducted in air-tight condition in order to eval-uate only the effect of ART-SORB excluding any influence from outside factors. A certain amount of ART SORB considering the case size and ART-SORB in cassette type were used to evaluate the humidity con trolling capability. The result showed that target humidity was reached in 10~17 hours in case of using corresponding amount of ART-SORB to the cubic volume and in 5~6 hours in case of excessive use of cassette type ART-SORB. And it also showed that humidity can be controlled in the range of RH 50-70%. In addition, ART-SORB was excellent at raising humidity at low humidity and poor at high humidity. There-fore, ART-SORB turned out to be an effective humidity buffer for controlling micro-environment of such artifacts as wooden ware, lacquer ware and paintings, which require high humidity. However, unfortunately, there are some difficulties in applying this result to real condition, given the fact that this study was conducted under firm air-tight case. Therefore, ART-SORB can be fully effective only in firm air-tight case.