Comparison of Beef Color Stability during Display of Two Muscles between Japanese Shorthorn Steers and Japanese Black Steers

Muramoto, T.,Higashiyama, M.,Kondo, T. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.9

The beef color stability during display of two muscles, m. longissimus thoracis and m. semitendinosus, of Japanese Shorthorn steers (n=14) was compared with that of Japanese Black steers (n=14). The beef color of each carcass was evaluated according to the Japanese Grading Standards at 24 h post mortem. Steak samples from muscles were over-wrapped with PVC film and displayed under fluorescent lights at $4^{\circ}C$ for 9 days. Metmyoglobin percentages of steak samples were determined at days 0, 3, 6 and 9. The overall grade of beef color of the carcasses of Japanese Shorthorn steers was significantly (p<0.05) lower than that of Japanese Black steers. The metmyoglobin percentages during the display of two muscles of Japanese Shorthorn steers were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those of Japanese Black steers. These results suggested that though beef color evaluation of the carcasses of Japanese Shorthorn steers was lower than that of Japanese Black steers, the beef color stability during the display of the muscle of Japanese Shorthorn steers was higher than that of Japanese Black steers.

Effect of Slaughter Age on Beef Color Stability during Display of Four Muscles from Japanese Black Steers

Muramoto, T.,Shibata, M.,Nakanishi, N. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.9

Effect of slaughter age (24, 28 and 38 months of age) on beef color stability during display of m. serratus ventralis, m. psoas major, m. semitendinosus and m. longissimus thoracis from Japanese Black steers was studied. Steak samples from muscles were over-wrapped with PVC film and displayed under fluorescent lights at $4^{\circ}C$ for 12 days. Percentages of metmyoglobin of steak samples were determined at days 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12. The percentage of metmyoglobin of m. psoas major at day 3 of display in the 24 months group was lower (p<0.05) than that in the 38 months group. The percentage of metmyoglobin of m. semitendinosus at day 6 of display in the 38 months group was higher (p<0.05) than that in the other groups. The percentage of metmyoglobin of m. longissimus thoracis at day 3 of display in the 24 months group was lower (p<0.01) than that in the other groups. The percentage of metmyoglobin of m. longissimus thoracis at day 6 (p<0.01), 9 (p<0.01) and 12 (p<0.05) of display in the 38 months group were higher than those in the other groups. Crude fat concentration in m. longissimus thoracis increased (p<0.05) after 28 months of age. $\alpha$-Tocopherol concentration in m. serratus ventralis in the 38 months group was higher (p<0.001) than that in the other groups. In m. psoas major the $\alpha$-tocopherol concentration in the 38 months group was higher (p<0.05) than that in the 24 months group. The $\alpha$-tocopherol concentration in m. longissimus thoracis increased (p<0.001) with age. These results suggested that in spite of increase in both the crude fat and the $\alpha$-tocopherol concentrations in m. longissimus thoracis, the beef color stability during display became short with age.

ToF-SIMS Analysis of Adsorbed Proteins: Principal Component Analysis of the Primary Ion Species Effect on the Protein Fragmentation Patterns

Muramoto, Shin,Graham, Daniel J.,Wagner, Matthew S.,Lee, Tae Geol,Moon, Dae Won,Castner, David G. American Chemical Society 2011 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C - Vol.115 No.49

<P>In time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), the choice of the primary ion used for analysis can influence the resulting mass spectrum. This is because different primary ion types can produce different fragmentation pathways. In this study, analysis of single-component protein monolayers were performed using monatomic, triatomic, and polyatomic primary ion sources. Eight primary ions (Cs<SUP>+</SUP>, Au<SUP>+</SUP>, Au<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>+</SUP>, Bi<SUP>+</SUP>, Bi<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>+</SUP>, Bi<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>++</SUP>, C<SUB>60</SUB><SUP>+</SUP>, and C<SUB>60</SUB><SUP>++</SUP>) were used to examine the low mass (<I>m</I>/<I>z</I> < 200) fragmentation patterns from five different proteins (bovine serum albumin, bovine serum fibrinogen, bovine immunoglobulin G, and chicken egg white lysozyme) adsorbed onto mica surfaces. Principal component analysis (PCA) processing of the ToF-SIMS data showed that variation in peak intensity caused by the primary ions was greater than differences in protein composition. The spectra generated by Cs<SUP>+</SUP>, Au<SUP>+</SUP>, and Bi<SUP>+</SUP> primary ions were similar, but the spectra generated by monatomic, triatomic, and polyatomic primary ions varied significantly. C<SUB>60</SUB> primary ions increased fragmentation of the adsorbed proteins in the <I>m</I>/<I>z</I> < 200 region, resulting in more intense low <I>m</I>/<I>z</I> peaks. Thus, comparison of data obtained by one primary ion species with that obtained by another primary ion species should be done with caution. However, for the spectra generated using a given primary ion beam, discrimination between the spectra of different proteins followed similar trends. Therefore, a PCA model of proteins created with a given ion source should only be applied to data sets obtained using the same ion source. The type of information obtained from PCA depended on the peak set used. When only amino acid peaks were used, PCA was able to identify the relationship between proteins by their amino acid composition. When all peaks from <I>m</I>/<I>z</I> 12–200 were used, PCA separated proteins based on a ratio of C<SUB>4</SUB>H<SUB>8</SUB>N<SUP>+</SUP> to K<SUP>+</SUP> peak intensities. This ratio correlated with the thickness of the protein films, and Bi<SUB>1</SUB><SUP>+</SUP> primary ions produced the most surface sensitive spectra.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2011/jpccck.2011.115.issue-49/jp208035x/production/images/medium/jp-2011-08035x_0002.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp208035x'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Effect of Pasture Finishing on Beef Quality of Japanese Shorthorn Steers

Muramoto, T.,Higashiyama, M.,Kondo, T. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.3

Effect of pasture finishing on $\alpha$-tocopherol and $\beta$-carotene concentrations, drip loss, cooking loss, Warner-Bratzler shear force, fatty acid composition, meat color and metmyoglobin percentage of m. longissimus thoracis of Japanese Shorthorn steers was studied. Japanese Shorthorn steers (n=8), fattened indoors with a concentrate-based diet until they were 19 months of age were divided into two groups of four steers. Steers of the concentrate-fed group were fattened indoors with a concentrate-based diet until they were slaughtered. Steers of the pasture-fed group were fattened on pasture until they were slaughtered. The $\alpha$-tocopherol and $\beta$-carotene concentrations in the muscle of the pasture-fed group were higher (p<0.05) than those of the concentrate-fed group. The drip loss of the muscle of the pasture-fed group was lower (p<0.05) than that of the concentrate-fed group. Compared with the concentrate-fed group, the concentration of peroxidisable lipids (fatty acids with three or more unsaturated bonds) in the muscle of the pasture-fed group was high (p<0.05). The metmyoglobin percentage during display of the muscle of the pasture-fed group was higher (p<0.05) than that of the concentrate-fed group. These results suggested that pasture finishing decreased drip loss of the beef but lowered meat color stability.

Relationships between Muscle α-Tocopherol Concentrations and Metmyoglobin Percentages during Display of Six Muscles of Japanese Black Steers

Muramoto, T.,Shibata, M.,Nakanishi, N. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.7

Relationships between muscle $\alpha$-tocopherol oncentrations and metmyoglobin percentages during display of six muscles, m. serratus ventralis (SV), m. psoas major (PM), m. gluteus medius (GM), m. semimembranosus (SM), m. semitendinosus (ST) and m. longissimus lumborum (LL), of Japanese Black steers slaughtered at 28 months of age were studied. Steers were supplemented with 0, 2,000 and 4,000 mg $\alpha$-tocopheryl acetate/head/day for 28 days prior to slaughter in the VE 0, the VE 2,000 and the VE 4,000 groups, respectively. $\alpha$-Tocopherol concentrations in PM, GM, SM, ST and LL of the VE 2,000 and the VE 4,000 groups were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of the VE 0 group. There were no significant (p>0.05) differences in $\alpha$-tocopherol concentrations in all muscles between the VE 2,000 group and the VE 4,000 group. The muscle $\alpha$-tocopherol concentrations ($\ell$/g meat) which can retard metmyoglobin formation in muscles were estimated to be 5.3 for SV, 4.5 for PM, 4.2 for GM, 4.0 for SM, 3.6 for ST and 3.5 for LL. The equation to predict color-shelf-life of each muscle from the $\alpha$-tocopherol concentration in each muscle could be obtained.

Novel Phase States in Highly Charged Colloidal Suspensions

Y. Terada,K. Muramoto,M. Tokuyama 한국전산유체공학회 2003 한국전산유체공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2003 No.10

Variety of the Wave Change in Compound Muscle Action Potential in an Animal Model

Zenya Ito,Shiro Imagama,Kei Ando,Akio Muramoto,Kazuyoshi Kobayashi,Tetsuro Hida,Kenyu Ito,Yoshimoto Ishikawa,Mikito Tsushima,Akiyuki Matsumoto,Satoshi Tanaka,Masayoshi Morozumi,Yukihiro Matsuyama,Naok 대한척추외과학회 2015 Asian Spine Journal Vol.9 No.6

Study Design: Animal study. Purpose: To review the present warning point criteria of the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and investigate new criteria for spinal surgery safety using an animal model. Overview of Literature: Little is known about correlation palesis and amplitude of spinal cord monitoring. Methods: After laminectomy of the tenth thoracic spinal lamina, 2–140 g force was delivered to the spinal cord with a tension gage to create a bilateral contusion injury. The study morphology change of the CMAP wave and locomotor scale were evaluated for one month. Results: Four different types of wave morphology changes were observed: no change, amplitude decrease only, morphology change only, and amplitude and morphology change. Amplitude and morphology changed simultaneously and significantly as the injury force increased (p <0.05) Locomotor scale in the amplitude and morphology group worsened more than the other groups. Conclusions: Amplitude and morphology change of the CMAP wave exists and could be the key of the alarm point in CMAP.

Shape classification of snow particle into snowflake and graupel using image processing

M. Kubo,K. Seto,K. Muramoto,Y. Fujiyoshi,T. Shinoda,T. Ohigashi 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8

Classification of snowflakes is important in the investigation of the growth process of snow particles and radar meteorology, etc. This paper proposes an automatic image processing method for classification of falling snow particles. A side view of natural falling snow particles was photographed by IEEE1394 camera (1280 × 960 pixel) with a shutter speed of 1/10000 s. To obtain shape parameters, both a binary and a gray-level image of each particle were recorded continuously. Each particle was classified into a graupel or a snowflake by statistical classification procedure using image features. The proposed method has been successfully tested in snowfall, obtaining the percentages of snowflakes and graupels at 1 min interval.

Visualization of water vapor distribution in the lower atmosphere using two lidars

M. Kubo,K. Nakamura,K. Muramoto,T. Ohigashi,T. Shinoda,Y.Fujiyoshi 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8

Water vapor distribution in the lower atmosphere was observed using two optical lidars (ceilometer) set up at the distance of 3.1 km. Range height indicator (RHI) display was constructed from two time series data measured by each lidar. The instruments were also included small vertical radar and snowfall gauge. All the data were displayed on the same coordinate system to compare the profiles with time synchronization. To examine horizontal distribution of water vapor (cloud) widely, conventional weather radar was also used. Combination of all these instruments and methods will be potent system for understanding lower atmospheric structure.

Z - R relation for snowfall using small Doppler radar and high sensitive snow gauges

M. Kubo,A. Sougen,K. Muramoto,Y. Fujiyoshi 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8

Snowfall data was simultaneously recorded by a weather radar, two high sensitive snow gauges and an imaging system with high accuracy at short time intervals. The snowfall rate R was measured with two gauges and radar reflectivity factor Z was measured using a small bistatic X-band Doppler radar. The images of falling snow particles were used to obtain size and related parameters. Since all the measurements were located in a small area, it can be said that the obtained reference data corresponds well to radar data, and it is possible to analyze snowfall rate variations in sufficient detail for practical purposes. Snowfall was observed in Kanazawa, Japan, in the winter of 2009. A total of 22 snowfall events was extracted for type of snowflake or graupel, varying in duration from 4 to 31 minutes. These were then treated separately to calculate the coefficients of Z - R relation. The observations suggest that parameters of snow particle properties are useful to understand radar measurement.