Involvement of opioid receptors in antinociceptive activity of semi purified fraction and β-amyrin isolated from Ricinus communis Linn. leaves in mice

Vaishali Murade,Keshav Deshmukh,Rupali Murade,Dipak Raut,Machindra Chavan,Dinesh Hase 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2017 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.17 No.4

The antinociceptive effect of chloroform extract (RCLC), semi-purified fraction (RC2) and isolated pentacyclic triterpenoid β-amyrin (BA) from the leaves of Ricinus communis in acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, formalin-induced paw licking and hot-plate test was conducted in mice. The GC-MS study revealed that the RC2 showed the dominance of diterpenes, triterpenes, fatty acids, sterol and higher alkanes. No obvious behavioral changes, allergic reactions and mortality were observed in acute toxicity studies. Acute administration of the diazepam (1 mg/kg), RC2 (50 mg/kg) and BA (10 mg/kg) displayed mild sedation in open field test while RCLC (100 mg/kg) showed potent sedative properties. No motor incoordination and neurotoxicity was observed in rota-rod test. RCLC (100 mg/kg), RC2 (25 and 50 mg/kg) and BA (5 and 10 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the number of abdominal writhing induced by acetic acid and formalin-induced paw licking response. The central and peripheral antinociceptive effects for RCLC and RC2 in hot-plate were comparable to morphine. The administration of naloxone reversed the antinociceptive effect of morphine, RCLC and RC2 indicating the involvement of opioid receptors while BA principally showed peripheral antinociceptive effects which may be modulated via peripheral opioid receptors or protein kinase.

ON STRONGLY θ-e-CONTINUOUS FUNCTIONS

Murad Özkoc,Gülhan Aslim 대한수학회 2010 대한수학회보 Vol.47 No.5

A new class of generalized open sets in a topological space,called e-open sets, is introduced and some properties are obtained by Ekici [6]. This class is contained in the class of δ-semi-preopen (or δ-β-open) sets and weaker than both δ-semiopen sets and δ-preopen sets. In order to investigate some different properties we introduce two strong form of e-open sets called e-regular sets and e-θ-open sets. By means of e-θ-open sets we also introduce a new class of functions called strongly θ-e-continuous functions which is a generalization of θ-precontinuous functions. Some characterizations concerning strongly θ-e-continuous functions are obtained.

Portosystemic collateral pathways and interventions in portal hypertension

Murad Feroz Bandali,Anirudh Mirakhur 소화기인터벤션의학회 2018 International journal of gastrointestinal interven Vol.7 No.1

Pathologic increase in portal pressure can be caused by increased resistance to blood flow at the level of the portal vein (pre-hepatic), hepatic sinusoids (hepatic) or hepatovenous outflow (post-hepatic). This results in recruitment and dilatation of tiny portosystemic collateral pathways, diverting portal venous blood flow to low pressure systemic veins. Based on the location of the causative factor of portal venous resistance, different collateral pathways and shunts may develop, resulting in unique syndromes of portal hypertension and in-turn requiring unique treatment options. Knowledge of the common and less-common portosystemic collateral pathways have important implication for clinicians and interventionalists. The objective of this pictorial review is to illustrate the various collateral pathways using diagrammatic and conventional non-invasive and invasive radiologic examples. Additionally, we will briefly address minimally invasive interventional techniques used to treat the sequelae of portal hypertension.

Do Defense Styles of Ego Relate to Volumes of Orbito-Frontal Cortex in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?

Murad Atmaca,Hanefi Yildirim,Mustafa Koc,Sevda Korkmaz,Sinan Ozler,Zehra Erenkus 대한신경정신의학회 2011 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.8 No.2

Objective Although the importance of orbito-frontal cortex (OFC) is established in the pathogenesis of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), no study have evaluated its relation to the traditional psychodynamic perspective. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between the defense styles consisting of mature, immature and neurotic defenses and OFC volumes of patients with OCD. Methods Subjects were selected among those of our previous study, and so eighteen patients with OCD and same number of healthy controls were took into the study. The patients and controls had underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In addition, the Defense Style Questionnaire-40 was administered to obtain defense styles of patients and controls. Results No significant relationship was found between the right OFC volumes of both the patient and control groups and their scores of mature, neurotic, or immature defense mechanisms. As for the left OFC volumes, the only significant relationship for the scores of immature defense mechanism was found in the patient group. Conclusion The results of the present study indicated that there was no significant relationship between OFC volumes of the patient group and their scores of mature, neurotic, or immature defense mechanisms, except a significant relation with the scores of immature defense mechanisms. Objective Although the importance of orbito-frontal cortex (OFC) is established in the pathogenesis of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), no study have evaluated its relation to the traditional psychodynamic perspective. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between the defense styles consisting of mature, immature and neurotic defenses and OFC volumes of patients with OCD. Methods Subjects were selected among those of our previous study, and so eighteen patients with OCD and same number of healthy controls were took into the study. The patients and controls had underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In addition, the Defense Style Questionnaire-40 was administered to obtain defense styles of patients and controls. Results No significant relationship was found between the right OFC volumes of both the patient and control groups and their scores of mature, neurotic, or immature defense mechanisms. As for the left OFC volumes, the only significant relationship for the scores of immature defense mechanism was found in the patient group. Conclusion The results of the present study indicated that there was no significant relationship between OFC volumes of the patient group and their scores of mature, neurotic, or immature defense mechanisms, except a significant relation with the scores of immature defense mechanisms.

Mirtazapine Augmentation for Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor-Induced Sexual Dysfunction: A Retropective Investigation

Murad Atmaca,Sevda Korkmaz,Mehtap Topuz,Osman Mermi 대한신경정신의학회 2011 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.8 No.1

The aim of the present study was to retrospectively identify sexual dysfunction changes in the patients under mirtazapine-augmented serotonin reuptake inhibito (SSRI) treatment. The study comprised medical records of 20 outpatients, under mirtazapine-augmented SSRI treatment for their major depressive disorder, who had been selected among the patients that had developed sexual dysfunction to previous treatment as monotherapy, with SSRI for at least six weeks. These drugs were maintained and mirtazapine were added (15-45 mg/day). There was a significant difference in scores between baseline and week 4 or week 8 on the both Hamilton Depression Rating and Arizona Sexual Experience Scale. According to Clinical Global Impression-Improvement, 68.4% of the patients were responders. The use of low-dose mirtazapine as an add-on treatment to SSRIs appears to be an effective and well-tolerated augmenttaion for sexual dysfunction caused by SSRIs.

Neuroprotective effect of chlorogenic acid in cerebral cortex of stroke animal model

Murad-Ali Shah,Dong-Ju Park,Ju-Bin Kang,Phil-Ok Koh 한국실험동물학회 2020 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2020 No.7

Effect of resveratrol on the expression of proteins related to synaptic plasticity in MCAO model

Murad Ali Shah,Dong-Ju Park,Se-Yeon Kim,Phil-Ok Koh 한국실험동물학회 2018 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.1

A context-Aware Smart Home Control System based on ZigBee Sensor Network

( Murad Khan ),( Bhagya Nathali Silva ),( Changsu Jung ),( Kijun Han ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2017 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.11 No.2

The applications of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are progressively adopting for various smart home services such as home automation, controlling smart home household appliances, constrained application services in a smart home, etc. However, enabling a seamless and ubiquitous WSN communication between the smart home appliances is still a challenging job. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a smart home control system using an Actuator based ZigBee networking (AZNET). The working of the proposed system is further divided into three phases, 1) an interference avoidance system is adopted to mitigate the effect of interference caused due to the co-existence of IEEE 802.11x based wireless local area networks (WLAN) and WSN, 2) a sensor-based smart light control system is used to fulfill the light requirement in the smart home using the sunlight with light source, and 3) an autonomous home management system is used to regulate the usage time of the electronic appliances in the smart home. The smart is tested in real time environment to use the sunlight with light sources in a various time of the day. Similarly, the performance of the proposed smart home is verified through simulation using C# programming language. The results and analysis revealed that the proposed smart home is less affected by the interference and efficient in reducing the energy consumption of the appliances available in the smart home scenario.

Baicalin protects adults mouse brain against LPS-induced oxidative stress-mediated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration

Murad Ali Shah,Dong-Ju Park,Phil-Ok Koh 한국실험동물학회 2018 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.7

Orbito-Frontal Cortex Volumes in Panic Disorder

Murad Atmaca,Hanefi Yildirim,M. Gurkan Gurok,Muammer Akyol 대한신경정신의학회 2012 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.9 No.4

Objective Given the association between the pathophysiology of panic disorder and prefrontal cortex function, we aimed to perform a volumetric MRI study in patients with panic disorder and healthy controls focusing on the in vivo neuroanatomy of the OFC. Methods Twenty right-handed patients with panic disorder and 20 right-handed healthy control subjects were studied. The volumes of whole brain, total white and gray matters, and OFC were measured by using T1-weighted coronal MRI images, with 1.5-mm-thick slices, at 1.5T. In addition, for psychological valuation, Hamilton Depression Rating (HDRS) and Panic Agoraphobia Scales (PAS) were administered. ResultsaaUnadjusted mean volumes of the whole brain volume, total white and gray matter were not different between the patients and healthy controls while the patient group had significantly smaller left (t=-6.70, p<0.0001) and right (t=-5.86, p<0.0001) OFC volumes compared with healthy controls. Conclusion Our findings indicate an alteration of OFC morphology in the panic disorder and suggest that OFC abnormalities may be involved in the pathophysiology of panic disorder. Objective Given the association between the pathophysiology of panic disorder and prefrontal cortex function, we aimed to perform a volumetric MRI study in patients with panic disorder and healthy controls focusing on the in vivo neuroanatomy of the OFC. Methods Twenty right-handed patients with panic disorder and 20 right-handed healthy control subjects were studied. The volumes of whole brain, total white and gray matters, and OFC were measured by using T1-weighted coronal MRI images, with 1.5-mm-thick slices, at 1.5T. In addition, for psychological valuation, Hamilton Depression Rating (HDRS) and Panic Agoraphobia Scales (PAS) were administered. ResultsaaUnadjusted mean volumes of the whole brain volume, total white and gray matter were not different between the patients and healthy controls while the patient group had significantly smaller left (t=-6.70, p<0.0001) and right (t=-5.86, p<0.0001) OFC volumes compared with healthy controls. Conclusion Our findings indicate an alteration of OFC morphology in the panic disorder and suggest that OFC abnormalities may be involved in the pathophysiology of panic disorder.