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Mary Stella Bhupanapadu Sunkesula,Muniswamyreddy Shankar Reddy 한국양봉학회 2022 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.37 No.2
Apis cerana most widely found bee species of southern parts of India is now at stress. Due to the increasing bee cultivation centres, these bees are under tremendous stress levels from both external and internal agents. External agents might be due to constant application of miticides and other chemical compounds. Wild varieties which are in a free setup, though infected by Varroa mites, could face little pressure. We designed to study the effect of the habitat settings (natural and captive) on the bee species. Natural ones are those which are seen in forests, trees and other house roofs. Captive are those seen among the bee keeping centres. Antioxidant and immune related gene members were studied for their expression levels between the natural and captive environments. As hypothesized, we found significant effects on the expression of the gene members. Bees kept in captivity showed over expression of both antioxidant and immune related genes when compared to the natural bees. Ribosomal protein (RP4) was used as housekeeping gene throughout the study. Among them 2 members, CYP6AS3 and CYP6AS10 showed contradictory results. Their expression was little more in natural bees when compared to the captive bees. This study could pave ways of how to effectively manage the bees among the cultivated centres so as to get more yields, keeping in view of the colony collapse disorder. This validation studies could also throw knowledge on the actual mechanism involved in the stress regulation among this sweet little bees.
Mary Stella Bhupanapadu Sunkesula,Muniswamyreddy Shankar Reddy 한국양봉학회 2022 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.37 No.2
Honeybees (Apis cerana) are the most common species of South India and are found in both natural and managed ecosystems. But since last two to three decades, bee depopulation and colony losses are strikingly increasing in these areas, due to pathogen infestation especially Varroa, loss or alterations within the ecosystem or agrochemical lands. These factors are creating a stressful environment within the bees, and as such some genetic predisposition among the genes which regulate such process. Pathogens, Acaricides, Fungicides, and Pesticides do affect the bee immune system and eventually their health. In the present study, we employed in silico methods to analyse the peptidoglycan recognition protein PGRPs gene comprehensively to investigate its regulatory activity. We predicted physico-chemical parameters and deduced that it does contain a signal peptide. PTM also are observed within the sequence, which could have damaged impact on this protein functioning. STRING is used to estimate the amount of protein interactions with the query protein. In conclusion, the information gathered or obtained could be used to understand the regulatory role of PGRPs so as it can provide a valuable source for the honeybee population-based studies.