The expression patterns of RANKL and OPG in murine tooth eruption

Hwang, Kyung-Mun,Kim, Eun-Jung,Kim, Hyun-Jung,,Kim, Young-Jin,Nam, Soon-Hyeun 大韓小兒齒科學會 2006 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.33 No.2

치아의 맹출은 치아기 (dental organ)와 치조골의 세포와 연관된 매우 복잡한 과정이다. 우선 치아 맹출이 일어나기 전에 파골세포가 치낭으로 집결하게 된다. 이러한 치낭의 역할은 파골세포와 조골세포의 상호작용으로 이루어 지는 골개조와 밀접한 관련이 있는데, 이는 치아 맹출과 연관된 많은 유전자들이 치낭에서 발현되기 때문이다. RANKL는 TNF ligand family로써 조골세포에 존재하며 파골세포의 형성 및 전구세포로 부터의 활성화를 유도한다. 이러한 RANKL은 OPG에 의해 그 작용이 억제되며 RANKL와 OPG의 상대적인 비율이 파골세포의 형성에 영향을 미친다. 또한 Runx2유전자의 변이는 조골세포의 분화와 활성에 차질을 가져오고 결국 RANKL/OPG pathway를 통해 파골세포 형성에 영향을 줄 수 있다. 치아의 발육 및 맹출에 미치는 RANKL 및 OPG의 영향을 알아보고 Runx2와의 연관성을 알아보기 위해 in situ hybridization 방법으로 태생 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11일된 쥐의 하악 및 제1대구치를 사용하여 실험을 실시한 결과 RANKL, OPG, Runx2의 mRNA가 태생 1일부터 11일까지 치낭 및 치아주위조직에 특성있게 나타났다. 이중 태생 5일에서 9일 사이에 RANKL 및 Runx2는 치아의 교합면측과 하방 치조골 부위의 발현이 강하게 나타난 반면 OPG는 약한 발현을 보였다. 이는 또한 파골세포의 활성부위를 알아보기 위해 TRAP염색을 실시하여 태생 5일에서 9일 사이에 최대의 활성화를 나타낸 결과와 연광성 있게 나타났다. RANKL, OPG, Runx2의 특성있는 발현양상들을 종합해 볼 때, 치아 맹출은 치낭, 치아기, 치조골 사이의 상호 작용을 통해 이루어 지며, 이는 치낭이 치아 맹출에 있어서 매우 중요하다는 것을 의미한다. 또한, 이러한 유전자들 (RANKL, OPG, Runx2) 이 치아의 맹출에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 사료된다. Tooth eruption is a complex and tightly regulated process that involves cells of the tooth organ and the surrounding alveolus. Osteoclast precursors must be recruited into the dental follicle prior to the onset of eruption. This function of dental follicle may be regarded as the ability of bone remodeling characterized by the interaction of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. This is because tooth eruption is a localized event in which many of the genes required for eruption are expressed in the dental follicle. RANKL is a membrane-bound protein that is a member of the TNF ligand family, which is present on bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts, and induces osteoclast formation and activation from precursor cell. The biologic effect of RANKL is inhibited by OPG and, in bone, the relative ratio of RANKL and OPG modulates osteoclastogenesis. To evaluate the roles of RANKL and OPG in tooth eruption and the relations with the expression pattern of Runx2, in situ hybridization was performed with mandibles of mice at postnatal stage 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11. mRNA of RANKL, OPG, and Runx2 are expressed in dental follicle and surrounding tissue from P1 to 11. To determine the sites of osteoclastic activity duing tooth eruption, mandibles were dissected. Peak osteoclastic activity in alveolar bone along the occlusal and basal regions was observed from P5 to 9, with osteoclasts in these regions being large and strongly TRAP-positive. The specific spatic-temporal expression patterns of RANKL, OPG and Runx2 in our study suggest that tooth eruption could be progressed through the interactions of molecular signaling among dental follicle, dental organ and alveolar bone, furthermore it means that dental follicle is quite important in tooth eruption. In addition, it indicates that these genes (RANKL, OPG, and Runx2) play critical roles in tooth eruption.

설측 복합레진 색상이 치아 순측 색상에 미치는 영향

문승희,박수정,조현구,황윤찬,오원만,황인남 大韓齒科保存學會 2009 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.34 No.4

본 연구는 순면 잔존 치질의 두께와 후방 복합레진의 색상이 최종 수복된 치아표면의 색상에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 시행하였다. 배경판으로 사용될 복합레진은 Filtek Supreme (3M ESPE, St. Paul, U.S,A.)의 Al, A2, A6D, Bl, B2, B3,C1, C2 C6D를 선택하였다. 배경판으로 사용될 복합레진 시편은 직경 10 mm, 두께 4.5 mm로 각 shade당 한 개씩 제작하였다. 순면 잔존 치질은 상악 중절치 치관의 순면을 제외한 나머지 부위를 아크릴릭 레진을 이용하여 매몰 후 저속의 Diamond Wheel Saw (Isomet ; Buehler Ltd, Lake Bluff, U.S.A.)를 이용하여 주수 하에 순면으로부터 2.5 mm 두께로 절단하였다. 절단된 상아질측 표면을 2000번 사포로 연마하여 2.2 mm 두께의 시편을 얻었다. 분광광도계 Spectrolino^(Ⓡ) (Serial No. 3257-18522, GretagMacbeth, Regensdorf, Switzerland)를 이용하여 치아시편을 9개의 복합레진 시편위에 접촉면에 수분이 있는 상태로 위치시켜 치아 순면색상을 측정하였다. 그 후, 치아시편의 상아질 측면을 1.0 mm까지 0.3 mm 간격으로 연마하면서 복합레진 시편위에 위치시켜 동일한 방법으로 색상을 측정하였다. 모든 시편에서 L^(*)값과 b^(*)값은 배경색에 무관하게 치아시편의 두께가 두꺼워질수록 증가하는 양상을 보였으나(p <0.05), a^(*)값은 배경색에 무관하게 두께에 따른 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. In this study we evaluated the influence of both the thickness of residual enamel and the color of the composite resins applied to lingual surface on the labial surface color. Background plates were made by randomly (Al, A2, A6D, Bl, B2, B3, Cl, C2, C6D) selected colors of Filtek Supreme (3M ESPE, St. Paul, U.S.A.) composite resin. Crown portion of 9 maxillary central incisors were cut off and embedded with acrylic resin except labial surface. Samples of average thickness of 2.2 mm were obtained after cutting it in a thickness of 2.5 mm from the labial surface and sandpaper polish. The shade of composite resin background was measured using Spectrophotometer (Spectrolino^(Ⓡ), GretagMacbeth, Regensdorf, Switzerland). And CIE L^(*)a^(*)b^(*) value of 2.2 mm thickness tooth samples were measured on the 9 composite resin backgrounds. And then, the cutting side of tooth samples was ground to the extent of 1.9 mm, 1.6 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.0 mm and placed on composite resin backgrounds and measured L^(*)a^(*)b^(*) values with the same method. In all samples, L^(*) value and b^(*) value seemed to have a tendency of decreasing as thickness of tooth sample becomes thinner regardless of background colors (p < 0.05). But, a^(*) value didn't show the significant differences depending on the thickness.

GPS를 이용한 안드로이드 폰 자동 설정 어플리케이션 (U need Utility)

배현직;박정길;윤상문;이기주;김흥식 인제대학교 2012 仁濟論叢 Vol.27 No.1

Since the Apple's iPhone was released in Korea, many users use any smartphone. Since smartphones launch in Korea, many users change the previous feature phone to smartphone, and its users continue to increase. One of the advantages of smart phones is that user can install a wanted application like the computer, so the demand of applications has been increasing gradually. We are intended to study the development of smartphone application with location information by GPS. Instead of making the result of current location information by informing current position to users or approved third parties by them, we process their information which needs to be used internally them. And we study the application which changes the status of smartphone automatically by position information.

정적 연소기의 단면형상 변화에 따른 플라즈마 제트 점화의 연소특성

김문헌,박정서,류현욱 崇實大學校 2000 論文集 Vol.30 No.1

In this paper, combustion characteristics ignited by single-hole and multi-hole plasma jet igniter and conventional spark plug have been studied by means of schlieren photography and pressure measuring in the Wedge type, Pent-roof type and Toroidal bowl type constant volume vessel which is typical 4-valve SI engine combustion chamber. It is represented that combustion characteristics ignited by conventional spark plug ignition are hardly influenced by configurations of combustion chamber. I contrast in case of plasma jet ignition combustion duration and combustion enhancement rates are effected than spark plug ignition. Consequently, it is important to avoid plasma jet impingement against combustion chamber wall , and to let flame front move toward wide place in the combustion chamber at early stage of combustion.

獨逸에서의 環境保護 : 기본법 제20a조를 중심으로 Article 20a of the German Basic Law

高文炫 한국공법학회 2003 公法硏究 Vol.32 No.1

Rapid environmental degradation, due to near-sighted development, is now becoming a global concern. Protection of the environment is at the point of being a fateful task of modern states including Germany and Korea. There have been a lot of discussions over providing the protection of the environment among German scholars and politicians during the past 20 years and they provided that the protection of the environment is one of the purposes or goals of the state in article 20a of the German Basic Law of 1994. This article was amended with the insertion of protection of 'animals' in the 2002 revision of the German Basic Law. In this study we came to the conclusion that we cannot derive any kind of fundamental right from article 20a of the German Basic Law. This point is the most conspicuous difference compared to the form of environment fundamental right. Furthermore, making allowances for systematic conformity to article 1 section 3(The following basic rights are binding on the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary as a direct valid law) of the German Basic Law, lawmakers came to provide protection of the environment through providing that protecting the environment is one of the purposes or goals of the state in article 20a of the German Basic Law. Because abundant cases have not been accumulated on article 20a, so far, it remains to be seen what effect article 20a of the German Basic Law will bring about and how we can balance competing interests. But it is unequivocally true that article 20a of the German Basic Law will play a great role in making laws more ecological and environment-friendly.

대학생의 인라인 스케이팅 참여동기와 참여효과 분석

정문현 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.6

This research is to analyze the motives to make college students participate in inline-skating and their effects. For this analysis, 220 students, at discretion, who are in the Taejeon Inline-Skating Association answered the questionnaires. Among the data, unacceptable or insufficient answers were excluded and the rest 192 were analyzed ; 138 were from males and 54 from females. These data were analyzed statistically, using SPSS/PC(ver. 10.0) program. To be concrete, the subjects' characteristics were analyzed population- sociologically, using percentage. The subjects' motives and effects concerned with taking part in inline skating were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, The relation between the motives and effects of inline skating was analyzed by using correlation analysis. And the conclusions are like these; First, the students who took part in inline skating partly showed some differences according to population-sociological characteristics. Second, the students partly showed some differences in participating effects according to population-sociological characteristics. Third, there was partial relation between the motives and the effects of participating in inline skating. And those who took part in inline-skating to increase their health condition didn't get much effect from skating. Those who took part in inline-skating for self-development got little effect from skating. Also, those who took part in inline-skating to increase their sociability didn't get much effect from skating. And it was statistically p<.05 degree.

경북 최초의 신장이식 1례

이중현,김용섭,이정호,이창우,김상욱,이문섭,오민구,하달봉,이경섭 동국대학교 의학연구소 2000 東國醫學 Vol.7 No.-

신장이식은 환자의 삶의 질을 높이고 거의 정상적인 사회생활을 가능하게 함으로써 말기신부전 환자의 3가지 신대체 요법(혈액투석, 복막투석, 신장이식) 중에 가장 효과적이고 각광받는 치료법이라 할 수 있다. 최근 들어 의료기술과 의학의 발달로 신장이식의 성공률은 과거에 비해 비약적으로 높아지고 있으며 국내에서도 점차 신장이식수술을 받는 환자가 증가하고 있으나 서울이나 다른 대도시에 비해 의료환경이 열악한 중소도시나 지방의 병원에서는 아직도 시행하지 못하고 있는 형편이다. 이에 저자들은 경북 최초로 자체 의료진에 의해 고혈압과 말기 신부전으로 동국대 포항병원에서 혈액투석을 받고 있던 32세의 남자환자에게 부인으로부터 신장을 제공받아 신장이식을 성공적으로 시행하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하고자 한다. Kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment modality for many patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), because it offers improved quality of life over both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Patients who do well after transplantation generally report improvement in vitality and freedom to return to the style of life that they experienced before their progression to ESRD. Recently, the success rate of kidney transplantation is greatly being increased as the surgical technique and immunosuppressive drugs are developed. Kidney transplantation is also popular in Korea which has good result. But, until now the general hospitals which are located at small city can't try the kidney transplantation because they don't have proper facilities and experts. We firstly experienced a case of kidney transplantation in a 32 years old man with hypertension and chronic renal failure at KyoungBuk province. So we report this case with references.

출생후 성장발육에 따른 흰쥐 유곽유두의 CGRP 면역양성 신경분포변화

김현정,이재문,배용철,김영진 大韓小兒齒科學會 1997 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.24 No.2

출생 후 성장 발육에 따른 흰쥐 유곽유두의 신경분포 및 변화를 관찰하기 위하여 생후 1,5,10,15,20,25,35일 및 완전히 성장한 흰쥐를 개상으로 calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)를 이용한 면역조직화학적 방법으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. CGRP-면역양성 신경섬유들이 혀의 양측에서부터 유두 내로 진입하여 성장발육에 따라 그 분포밀도가 중가하다가 10일군부터는 상피의 직하방에 특히 풍부하게 분포하여 subepithelial plexus를 형성하고 있었다. 1일군에서는 CGRP-면역양성 신경섬유의 특징적인 양상인 염주알 모양이 명확히 관찰되었으나 그 이후로는 염주알 모양은 다소 감소하였고 하나의 선으로 보이는 경우도 있었다. 상피 내로 진입하는 CGRP-면역양성 신경섬유들은 5일군에서 드물게 관찰되었으며 taste pore를 가진 성숙한 미뢰가 처음으로 관찰되는 10일군에서 그 수가 증가하여 출생 후 15일군에서는 상피 전반에 걸쳐 풍부하게 관찰되었다. 그러나 그 이후 20일군부터는 미뢰가 존재하는 trench wall의 하방 2/3부위의 CGRP-면역양성 신경섬유는 감소하고 유두의 top surface와 trench wall의 상방 1/3에 CGRP-면역양성 신경섬유가 제한적으로 관찰되었다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of nerves in the rat circumvallate papilla by each developing stage. The distribution of nerves in the rat circumvallate papilla were investigated by means of immunohistochemistry for detection of calcitonin gene-realted peptide(CGRP). The results were as follows: CGRP-immunoreactive(IR) nerve fibers entered the base of the papilla laterally to form a subepithelial plexus. On the 1st postnatal day, the bead-like appearance, typical appearance of CGRP-IR nerve fiber, was seen, but from the 5th postnatal day the bead-like appearance was seen less clearly and nerve fibers looking like a line were often observed. Mature taste buds having taste pores were first seen at the 10th postnatal day and then, increased markedly after this stage. CGRP-IR nerve fibers entering the epithelium were rarely seen on the 5th postnatal day but they increased in number on the 10th postnatal day when mature taste buds having taste pores were firstly observed and then on the 15th postnatal day, they were observed abundantly throughout entire epithelium. But from the 20th postnatal day, the nerve fibers in the lower two-third of the trench wall in which taste buds exist decreased but on the top surface and upper one-third of the trench wall the nerve fibers were obsered limitedly.

역행성 유도선을 이용한 굴곡성 기관지경을 통한 이중관 기관내관 삽관한 경험

조현석,김문철 인제대학교 2008 仁濟醫學 Vol.29 No.-

The use of a retrograde guidewire technique to assist in the management of the difficult airway was first reported in 1981. Since then, modifications of this technique have included the use of the fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB) to permit tracheal intubation under direct visual control. We report here on the case of a 54-year-old female who was scheduled for an operation for esophageal diverticulectomy and she could not be intubated with double-lumen endotracheal tube. The cause was an esophageal bougie at the oral cavity, which made visualization of the glottis impossible. We perfomed alternative technique by passing a guidewire in a retrograde manner from the trachea to the mouth and then passing a fiberoptic bronchoscope within an endotracheal tube over the wire. No further complication occurred and surgery was finished satisfactory.

관람스포츠의 소비자 구매 행동 분석

정문현,진윤수 忠南大學校體育科學硏究所 1998 體育科學硏究誌 Vol.16 No.1

To examine an analysis of consumer purchasing behavior of sports inspection we investigated 2,612 people-students and their parents of middle schools, high schools and universities in Taejon and in Chungnam by sport consumer segmentation scale. And we drew conclusions like these. 1. People of big middle cities thought of the main obstacle cause, the effectiveness of direct inspection and the reason of inspection as more important than those of fishing and farming villages did. 2. Men thought the effectiveness of inspection and that of advertising were more important than women did. 3. People from seventeen years old to nineteen years old thought of the main obstacle cause. the reason of direct inspection and the effectiveness of advertising as important. People from twenty years to thirty-five years thought the effectiveness of inspection was most important. But those from fourteen years to sixteen years thought of the main obstacle cause and effectiveness of inspection were least important. 4. People whose families earn more than 4 Million won a month thought of the main obstacle cause as important. Those families earn from 2 million won to 2.99 million won regarded the effectiveness of inspection and the reason of inspection as important. And those who earn less than 2 million a month thought of the main obstacle cause. the effectiveness of inspection and the reason of inspection as least important 5. People who had a postgraduate school education thought of the main obstacle cause as important. Those who had graduated from universities thought the effectiveness of inspection and the reason of inspection were most imprtant. Those who had got a middle school education or less education thought of the obstacle cause and the effectiveness of ins 11 years thought that the effectiveness of inspection, the reason of inspection and the effectiveness of advertising were most important. Those who had exercised for 6 or 10 years regarded the effectiveness of inspection, the reason of inspection and the effectiveness of advertising as being least important.