The prediction of the tooth size in the mixed dentition for Korean

Moon, Sung-Hwan,Kim, Seong-Oh,Yu, Hyung-Seong,Choi, Byung-Jai,Choi, Hyung-Jun,Lee, Jae-Ho 大韓小兒齒科學會 2006 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.33 No.2

이번 연구의 목적은 혼합치열기 아동에서 미맹출된 견치와 소구치의 크기를 예측하는데 있어서 한국인에 맞는 방정식을 만들기 위함이다. 미맹출 치아의 크기를 예측하는 것은 혼합치열기 교정 진단과 치료계획 수립에 있어서 매우 중요하다. 미맹출된 견치와 소구치 크기를 예측하는 방법은 몇가지가 있지만 그중에서도 가장 흔하게 쓰이는 것이 모이어의 예측표와 다나카와 존스턴의 방정식이 있다. 하지만 그것들은 백인을 위해서 제작된 것이고 치아 크기는 인종에 따라서 다르다고 알려져 있다. 이번 연구에서는 치아크기를 측정하여 하악 영구 절치의 크기 합과 견치 및 소구치의 크기 합 사이의 상관관계를 구하고 회귀방정식을 이용해서 한국인에 맞는 예측표를 만들었다. 연세대학교 치과대학에 재학중인 178명의 한국 학생(남 108명, 여 70명, 평균연령 21.63)을 대상으로 실험하였다. 영구치의 근원심 폭경을 석고모형상에서 calipers를 이용해서 측정하였다. 성별간의 치아 크기는 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). Correlation coefficient는 0.57에서 0.64의 범위였고, standard errors of the estimates 는 여성에서 0.6으로써 남성보다 우수하였다. r^(2)값은 0.27에서 0.41의 범위를 나타내었다. Estimating the size of unerupted teeth is an essential aspect of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning in the mixed dentition. Several methods were introduced and used for the prediction. The most common methods among these would be Moyers probability chart and Tanaka and Johnston equations. These are currently used widely, but they were developed for Caucasians. Because there are clear racial differences in teeth size, the objectives of this study were to produce correlation coefficients between the combined mesiodistal widths of the permanent mandibular incisors and those of the canines and premolars for each quadrant, and prediction tables with regression equations, specifically for Korean. 178 young adults (70 women, 108 men, mean age 21.63 years) were selected from the College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. The mesiodistal crown diameters of the permanent teeth were measured with calipers. Significant sexual dimorphism was found in tooth sizes. The correlation coefficients between the total mesiodistal width of the mandibular permanent incisors and those of the maxillary and mandibular canines and premolars were found to be between 0.52 and 0.64. The standard error of the estimatation was better (0.60) for women and the r^(2) values ranged from 0.27 to 0.41 for both sexes, Prediction tables were prepared for Korean. This study showed larger canine and premolar diameters than Tanaka and Johnston's and Moyers' studies which might be due to the racial differences. Further investigations with a larger sample size will be needed for more representative data on the Korean population.

칸트 도덕철학의 관점에서 본 현행 인성교육의 문제점

문성학 새한철학회 2001 哲學論叢 Vol.23 No.1

최근 우리 교육계의 화두는 인성교육이다. 인간을 인간답게 만드는 것이 중요하다는 것이다. 그러나 과연 인간을 인간답게 만드는 기계적인 교육방법이 있는가 하는 것이 근본적인 의문으로 떠오른다. 칸트는 인간의 인간됨을 인격성이라 불렀으며, 이 인격성의 핵심은 도덕성이며, 도덕성의 핵심은 자유라고 말했다. 자유 없는 인격 없다. 그럼에도 불구하고 최근 우리 사회에서 광범위하게 실시되고 있는 '점수 따기 봉사활동'은 도덕성의 핵심인 자유를 부정하는 바탕 위에서 실시되고 있다는 근본적인 문제점을 갖고 있다. 이런 점에서 본다면 인간의 인격성과 도덕성의 핵심인 자유를 파괴하는 방식으로 인간을 인간답게 만들려는 봉사활동은 자기모순적 교육활동이라 하겠다. 또한 인성교육론자들은 인간다운 인간을 육성하기 위해서는 주당 1~2 시간씩 실시되는 정규 도덕교과를 통한 교육으로는 불가능하기 때문에, 전교과를 통해 인성교육이 실시되어야 한다고 주장하다. 이는 언뜻 듣기에 그럴듯한 말이지만, 이 주장 역시 인간을 길들여야 할 대상으로 간주하며 자유의 주체로 보지 않는다는 근본적인 문제점을 갖고 있다. 칸트는 인간이 인간답게 되는 것은 길들여짐에 의해서라기보다 근본적으로 사고의 혁명을 통한 자유의 각성에 의해서라고 생각한다. Recent slogan of educational field in our society is In-sung education, which should be taken to mean not 'character education' but 'humanity education' or 'personhood education'. Of course it is very important educational task to make a socialized person out of a biological man. However, it is highly questionable to find any mechanical process which enables us to make a person out of a man. There can be no such mechanical process. In the center of humanity there is morality and in the center of morality there is freedom of will. Therefore we can say that without freedom there can be no humanity. To speak otherwise, the essence of humanity is freedom. It is the essential teachings of Kantian moral philosophy. If we enquire into current educational movement named In-sung education from a viewpoint of Kantian moral philosophy, we can find some fatal defaults. The first of which is it's disregard of the freedom of moral agency. In-sung education do not prompt the freedom of moral agency rather demolish it. Second fatal default of In-sung education is that it lays too much emphasis on living etiquette. Not to mention, to make a courteous person of a pupil is not to be neglected. But it may not be the core part of moral education. In-sung education focused living etiquette unavoidably leads to taming education based on behaviorism. By the way, behaviorism, its representatives are J. B. Waston and B.F. Skinner, denies the free will of man. But if man can not show voluntary moral act, it will be an empty rhetoric to speak that man is the lord of all creation.

한우의 반추위내에서 요소 및 암모니아처리 볏짚과 황산병용처리 볏짚의 In situ 유기물 분해율

문승식,정현승,박성진,유성오 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 1997 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.10 No.-

본 시험은 볏짚의 수분함량을 30%로 조절하여 농업용 요소 6%를 수용액상태로 처리한 요소처리 볏짚과 암모니아가스 3%를 처리한 암모니아처리 볏짚을 밀봉상태로 45일간 보관한후 개봉하여 이들 처리볏짚의 1/2에 해당하는 양에 농황산 2.2%를 처리하여 요소-황산병용처리 및 암모니아-황산병용처리 볏짚을 제조하여 화학적 조성을 분석하고, 한우의 의해 in situ 유기물 분해율을 측정하였으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 볏짚의 유기물 소실율은 암모니아-황산병용처리>암모니아처리>요소-황산병용처리>요소처리 볏짚순으로 높았다. 2. 유기물의 잠재적 소화율은 타처리에 비하여 암모니아처리 볏짚에서 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 3. 볏짚의 유기물분해율(P)은 암모니아-황산병용처리>암모니아처리>요소-황산병용처리>요소처리 볏짚순으로 높았다. 4. 사료섭취량에 따른 한우의 반추위내 통과율이 시간당 6%일 때 72시간 발효시 예상유기물 분해율(ED)은 요소처리, 암모니아처리, 요소-황산병용처리 및 암모니아-황산병용처리 볏짚이 각각 18.97, 21.63, 24.66 및 29.09%이였다. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of two phase treatments of urea-sulfuric acid and ammonia-sulfuric acid combination on in situ organic matter degradability of rice straw as ruminant feedstuff. Rice straw were treated with 6% urea (W/DM) or 3% ammonia (W/DM) for at least 45 days and further with sulfuric acid for overnight to complete the combination treatments. The treated rice straws were then sun-dried, and the chemical composition of the treated rice straws were analyzed. Also, Four Korean native bulls (550±30.5kg) were used to determine the in situ organic matter degradability in rumen. The treatments included urea-treated, ammonia-treated, urea·H_2SO_4 combination-treated and ammonia·H_2SO_4 combination-treated rice straws. In situ disappearance of organic matter (OM) in the rumen was significantly (P<0.05) higher in ammonia·H_2SO_4 combination-treated rice straw than those of other treatments. Potential digestibility of OM were slightly higher in ammonia-treated rice straw than those of other treatments. Organic matter degradabilities (P) in the rumen was high in ammonia·H_2SO_4 combination-treated with following by ammonia-treated, urea·H_2SO_4 combination-treated and urea-treated rice straw. When passage rate of 6% in rumen of korean native bulls was applied, effective degradabilities (ED) of OM of urea-treated, ammonia-treated, urea·H_2SO_4 combination-treated and ammonia·H_2SO_4 combination-treated rice straw were 18.97, 21.63, 24.66 and 29.09% after incubation for 72 hrs time, respectively.

공간뷰 재작성을 위한 점진적 변경 알고리즘의 성능평가

문상호 부산 외국어 대학교 2004 外大論叢 Vol.28 No.-

It is necessary to adapt a materialized spatial view when its definition is redefined according to the change of user's perspective views. To do this, it is required to recompute the defining query of a redefined spatial view or to update incrementally on the existing materialized view objects. In this paper, we perform experimental tests on each spatial view redefined according to redefinition types in order to evaluate execution times between incremental update algorithms and recomputation algorithms. This demonstrates the incremental update algorithms are faster than the recomputation algorithms. The experimental results also show that incremental update algorithms are more efficient than recomputation algorithms if materialized view objects are increased.

자기주도 교수법의 학습효과와 성취동기의 관계

문성철 인하대학교 스포츠과학연구소 2000 論文集 Vol.12 No.-

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of self teaching method program on learners of high jump in consideration of their achievement motive. This study was conducted on 59 college students who major in department of physical education. For this study, achievement motive of subjects was measured as a background variable. Hence, understanding of high jump movements, performance of individual movements(form, exactness, speed and adaptability), and performance of movements(expression, sequence and composition) were measured as dependent variables. The inference and statistical verification of the research assumptions were made with the SPSS program, and the following conclusions have been reached after a comparative study between the verification result and antecedent study results: 1.Learning effects(205.055%) in the understanding of high jump movements were measured at the end of the first week. And learning effects in terms of performances of individual movements and movements(14.658 ~ 38.621%) measured at the ends, thus, the learning effects under self teaching method program in the whole 16 weeks course were confirmed. 2.Relationship between learning effects and achivement motive of learners was no significant in representing ability. 3.Performances of individual movements in eight weeks through sixteen weeks of learning turned out to be affected evenly by achievement motive(-), and peformances of movements in four weeks of learning were affected evenly by achievement motive(+) but there was no significant relationship in eight weeks.

UN 國際物品複合運送條約下에서의 保險費用에 관한 硏究

成文基 昌原大學校 産業經濟硏究所 1992 産經硏究 Vol.9 No.-

칸트에 있어서 형이상학의 새로운 길 : 참된 칸트상의 복원을 위하여

문성학 영남철학회 1997 哲學論叢 Vol.13 No.-

孤雲의 道敎思想考

문상기 慶星大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.19 No.2

This paper discusses the following points: First, it deals with Koun's status in the Taoist History of Korea. He inherited the Taoist tradition of Hwan-In as well as that of mediation-training imported from tang Dynasty in China. Moreover, he created a new Taoist tradition from unique Korean and imported Tang ones, and passed it down through Koryo Dynasty to Yi Dynasty. Second, he offers a discussion about Taoism. His view on Taoism has two aspects of religion and philosophy. Here, he rather concentrated on the philosophical aspect than on the religious one.

Primary Structure의 Homology로부터의 고찰

성문희 한국생화학분자생물학회 1991 생화학분자생물학회 소식 Vol.11 No.1

A database of 118 amino acid sequence of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLPI-dependent enzyme was compiled. The aminotransferases with a total of 30 amino acid sequence of 7 different enzymes constitute the largest group among them. These 7 aminotransferases could be classified in to three families of the basis of sequence similarity. Aspartate aminotransferase family (family Ⅰ) comprises aspartate, aromatic amino acid, and tyrosine aminotransferases; o-amino acid aminotransferase family (family Ⅱ) o-amino acid: pyruvate aminotransferase and ornithine 6-aminotransferase; D-amino aminotransferase family (family Ⅲ) D-amino acid aminotransferase and L-branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase. Comparison of the amino acid sequence with those of family I from other organisms revealed very low overall similarities (13%). Several amino aciresidues conserved in all the compared sequence include those that have been reported to participate in binding of the coenzyme in three-dimensional structures of the vertebrate and E. coli enzymes. In family I and Ⅱ the sequence identity after alignment was 35% and 31%, respectively.

한국 수출기업의 인터넷 활용실태

문희철,심상렬,송우용 한국통상정보학회 1999 통상정보연구 Vol.1 No.1

인터넷 및 전자상거래의 확산과 함께 국내에서도 인터넷을 이용한 수출에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 인터넷 전자상거래에 관한 문헌연구와 다수의 수출기업들을 대상으로 이들의 인터넷 전자상거래의 도입 및 활용실태에 관한 실증분석을 통해 인터넷을 이용한 수출을 촉진하기 위한 방안에 대해 검토한다.