A.M.L. Porous-coated Cementless Hip Prosthesis를 사용한 고관절전치환술의 경험

문형석,윤승호 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1987 충남의대잡지 Vol.14 No.2

Total hip replacement for the hip arthropathy is going well in our country with the conception of fixing total hip prosthesis by bony ingrowth rather than by cement. It has evaluated in an attempt to decrease the incidence of loosening. Since 1984, we have been experienced with cementless total hip replacement with porous-coated femoral prosthesis and acetabular component, at the Dept. of Orthopaedic surgery of Chungnam National university Hospital, Taejeon Korea. The results were as follows: 1. A, total cases of 36 have been experienced with A.M.L. porous-coated femoral stem and acetabular component. 2. Clinically, before and after operation, each patient was evaluated using the method by d' Aubigne and Postel grading. 3. The operation time was shorter than other methods. 4. Post-operative complications were lower clinical rating but it was unassociated with the success of stem fixation methods. 5. For the further study, we will be assessment of the radiographic evaluation, especially loosening or stress shielding on the A. M. L. porous-coated prosthesis.

화농성 견관절염의 관절경적 처치

문영래,유재원,심형준,박준광 조선대학교 부설 의학연구소 2002 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.27 No.1

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of arthroscopic drainage in the management of septic arthritis of the shoulder. Materials and methods : The cases of nine septic glenohumeral joints were evaluated. Each patient was treated by arthroscopic irrigation and necrotic synovectomy, combined with parenteral antibiotics. Result In five of nine shoulders in which treatment was begun four weeks or less after symptoms appeared, a satisfactory functional outcome was obtained, while four patients who were treated after a delay of more than four weeks had poor results. Conclusion : The most significant factors leading to poor results of treatment were delay in instituting treatment, virulence of the infecting organism, and a serious process of underlying disease. Arthroscopic drainage is a valuable procedure for the treatment of the septic arthritis of shoulder. Arthroscopic drainage is a method that has proved effective, with minimal morbidity, in attempts to cure septic arthritis of the shoulder.

중국전통법제 속에 나타난 儒ㆍ法思想의 융합 과정에 관하여

文亨鎭 韓國外國語大學校 外國學綜合硏究센터 歷史文化硏究所 1999 역사문화연구 Vol.9 No.-

朝鮮初 婚俗변천에 따른 법적 영향에 대하여

문형진 한국외국어대학교 외국학종합연구센터 1997 국제지역연구 Vol.7 No.4

우리의 고유한 사회제도는 처가살이가 보편적으로 시행되고 아들과 딸에게 똑같이 상속이 행해지며, 혼인한 딸도 부모의 제사를 지냈다. 그런데 조선시대에 이르러 중국식 혼속이 도입되면서 여자가 남자집에 들어가서 시부모를 모시는 시집살이가 행해졌다. 남녀균분상속(男女均分相續)에서 아들 중심으로 상속이 되는가 하면, 제사권이 아들의 고유 권한으로 정착되면서 장자에게 보다 더 많은 재산이 상속되는 남성중심의 사회로 변화되었다. 우리가 흔히 떠올리는 여자의 지긋지긋한 시집살이와 남자의 첩살이는 불과 300여 년밖에 되지 않는 풍속이다. 본고는 조선초 혼속의 변천 과정을 살펴보면서 법적 諸규정과 법률적 처벌이 미친 영향에 대해 살펴보았다. People do not see much variety in their customs at changes that take place in governments and rulers in a sense that long-listing habits and practices are to be perpetuated in to their life and spirit, or people naturally try to avoid something that they are not familiar or comfortable with. In fact. the establishment of Chosun Dynasty had experienced a strong need for changes in nation's funeral rites and matrimonial customs. Burial was on the verge of replacing a buddhist cremation that required the dead body to be cleaned and burned to ashes. Contemporaries showed a strong disapproval against such a change; they would see such a new way as one to try to merely place their dead parents into an ice-cold ground, and to discharge their duties as sons and daughters by leaving the dead bodies decomposed and infested. Thus, the new way of burial needed quite a ling to be placed as a new tradition. Likewise, matrimonial customs also faced a need for changes, which actually were not to be accepted by those who had followed a traditional Humanities Study by Chu Hsi. According to the followers, a man would live in his wife's home to let his children inherit family traditions on their mother's side. And this is strongly against their ideological doctrines that promoted a male-dominated society. But, for those familiar with living in wife' house, a Chinese way of living in husband's house was one way that had to be avoided. So, in early Chosun Dynasty, King continued to point out such customs and advise otherwise only to be rejected even by their own government officers. Thus, the Chinese way of marriage was forced to begin from royal marriages, and later, followed by the officers. This study aims to note the legal influence of Ming Dynasty's statute on changing matrimonial customs of Chosun Dynasty. Here follows the results. Chu Hsi customs had to put people under restraint and pressure to be accepted by them, which made a contribution to a circulation of political ideas of Chu Hai. Without legal restraints and pressures, citizens could not have accepted the new customs, further resisting the process of making the new customs universal. This is the very reason for why the legal aspects of Ming Dynasty's statue, which was used as political means, are to be preceded in understanding Chosun Dynasty, not by simply emphasizing politics of Chu Hsi.

奸淫罪 諸法 규정과 그 처벌 실태

문형진 한국외국어대학교 외국학종합연구센터 중국연구소 2006 中國硏究 Vol.37 No.-

Traditional Confucianism had great influences on the way of thinking of the East Asians. The value system that one loves one's family members and his relatives based on self-love is at the heart of the academic principles of Confucianism. The rules of etiquette vary according to the degree of intimacy of relatives and these differences eventually affected the enactment of the laws regarding the related matters. The scope of relatives in traditional China was based on both paternal and maternal lines. They considered as relatives up to nine generations going back to one's great-great- grandfather. They also demarcated to include lineal and collateral relatives in their current generation corresponding to the above criterion applied to their ancestors. The dress code in mourning for the deceased indicated intimacy between the living and the dead. If the dead were one's intimate relatives, one spent a long time in mourning dress which was coarser. On the other hand, if the dead were one's distant relatives, one spent a relatively short time in mourning dress which was close to one's ordinary clothes. The degree of kinship between assaulter and victim also affected the constitution of a crime and the extent of punishment. The criminal law system of traditional China was based on kinship. The present study, therefore, focused on crimes of rape when it examined the criminal law system of traditional China.

『大明律』과『經國大典』 編纂의 法制史的 의의

문형진 韓國外國語大學校 外國學綜合硏究센터 中國硏究所 2004 中國硏究 Vol.34 No.-

I choose this topic because Chinese lows exerted tremendous influence on the peninsula of Chao Sun, however Korea only pays attention to the original code……"Jing Guo Code", but not its mother law……" the Law of Ming Dynasty" in China. "Implication"("綠坐"), the representative idea of Legalists in Qin Dynasty became an article of low. In Xi Han Dynasty, "Chun Qiu Jue Yu"("春秋決獄") and "Jing Yi jue Yu"("經義決獄")etc., which are the idea of "virtue first but penalty second" became the main aspect of law. "The system of remission which eight kinds of people could get"("八義制度") in Cao Wei Dynasty and "the noble men could use their ranks to compensate their crimes"("官當制度") in Nan Chen Dynasty(557-589) became article. In the law of Hou Jin Danasty(317-420), there was an article "准五服制罪", which means to punish according to a relative system of China, while in Bei qi Dynasty(550-557), there was an article called "the ten most serious criminal"("重罪十條"). Till then, the Confucianization of law almost had formed a system. In Sui Tang Dynasty, the confucianization of law went on developing. According to "etiquette is the only standard", the concept of "etiquette is superior to law" was set up. The general and disordered articles became more concreat. In Ming and Qing Dynasty, the legislative spirit of "the Law of Tang Dynasty" was passed on and they tried to formulate a pithier law of universal significance. In order to achieve that, "the law of Ming Dynasty" had been changed four times in the year of Wu Yuan(1364), the seventh year of Hong Wu(1374), the 22nd year of Hong Wu(1399), and the 30th year of Hong Wu(1397). The revised law of Ming Dynasty became a general criminal law in the following 550 years. The first emperor of Ming Dynasty(Ming Tai Zu) took part in the revision work himself and tried to mix his own idea of "the combined using of etiquette and law"("禮法幷用"), "the law should fit for the situation("當適時宜''), and "a good law should be pithy""("法貴簡當") etc. Were reflected in "the law of Ming Dynasty". His ruling idea of paying arrention to propagating law contributed to the popularization of law.

河川에서 質量 分散 Model의 有限差分 解析

文亨夫 여수대학교 1989 論文集 Vol.3 No.-

The design of waste treatment facility and the establishment of environmentally-acceptable effluent standards for rivers require that the dilution attributable to natural turbulence be estimated for particular river and particular disposal sites. Dilution of natural-buoyant liquid wastes is achieved by an interaction between turbulent diffusion and differential convection ; the overall process is referred to as dispersion. The objective of this research is to develop an efficient computational model for the prediction of time-dependent mass dispersion in natural streams. The computational model developed in this study is based on a finite-difference solution to the depth-averaged dispersion equation ; the model may be used to predict depth-averaged concentrations resulting from a pollutant source of arbitrary time and space configuration in a stream of arbitrary geometry and nonuniform but steady flow. Problems of numerical instability and damping in the convective stage of the computation are avoided through the use of a half-implicit and half explicit second order differencing scheme for the space derivative ; numerical dispersion cannot be eliminated, but may be minimized by judicious choice of time and distance steps.

7개 대학 병원에서 조사한 지역사회 폐렴의 원인균

정문현,김성민,강문원,최희정,정희진,이경원,한성우,송재훈,신형식,김의종,최강원,김민자,박승철,배현주,정윤섭,김준명,백경란,신완식,이규만,김양리 대한감염학회 1997 감염 Vol.29 No.5

목 적 : 폐렴은 많이 발생하면서 사망률이 크게 줄지 않는 질환이며, 이를 적절히 치료하기 위해서는 원인균의 상대적 빈도, 기저 질환에 따른 변화, 항균제 내성률, 사망에 관련된 인자들을 알아야 한다. 원인균의 빈도는 지역마다 차이가 있고 국내에서는 항균제 내성률이 높아 지역사회에서 발생한 폐렴을 치료하기 위한 경험적 항균제 선택에 도움이 되기 위해 서울 소재 6개 대학 병원과 천안의 1개 대학 병원이 참여하여 위의 사항들에 대해 조사를 하였다. 방 법 : 1995년에 내과에 입원했던 16세 이상 환자를 대상으로 했다. 퇴원 진단명이 폐렴 또는 폐결핵인 병록지을 찾았고, 이중에서 병원 감염을 제외하였다. 특이도를 높이기 위해, 이들 중에서 호흡기 증상이 있고 발열이나 저체온이 있으면서 흉부 X-선에서 이상 음영이 있는 환자만을 대상으로 했다. 폐결핵은 위의 기준에 입원 초기에 항균제 치료를 하고 입원 7일 이후에야 항결핵제가 투여된 경우만을 폐렴의 원인균으로 하였다. 혈액 배양에서 양성, 객담에서 항상균이나 M. tuberculosis가 증명된 경우, 혈청학적으로 항체가가 4배 이상 증가된 경우, 조직에서 원인균이 진단된 경우는 확정(definitive) 원인균으로 하였고, 객담에서 배양된 균이 그람 도말과 일치할때, 항결액제에 대한 반응으로 진단한 폐결핵, 단일 항체가 양성이고 이에 대해 항균제를 사용했을 때는 가능(probable) 원인균으로 정의하였다. 다세균 감염균은 각각 다 른 원인균으로 처리하였다. 임상 조사와 함께 임상병리과에서 S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, mycoplasma, 항상균에 대해 검사 의뢰 건수, 배양 양성수, 항균제 감수성 결과를 조사하였다. 결 과 : 폐렴의 증례 정의에 부합하지 않은 135명과 폐결핵의 정의에 해당하지 않는 230명을 제외하고 남은 246명의 평균 나이는 58.2세이고 남성이 142명(58.2%) 이었고, 71%의 환자에서 기저 질환이 있었다. 진단 방법의 시행 횟수는 혈액 배양 77.6%, 혈청 검사 18.3%, 기관지경 검사는 4.1%였고, 세균의 항원 검사를 한 예는 없었다. 원인균이 밝혀진 예는 77명(31.3%)이었다. 다세균 감염이 4명에서 있었고, 원인균의 상대적 빈도는 결핵 20명(확정 17, 가능 3: 6개 병원 자료), 폐렴구균 18(확정8 가능 10)명과 폐렴구균이 아닌 Streptococcus 3명 (모두 확정), H. influenzae 11명(모두 가능), 그람음성간균 11명(확정 7, 가능 4) (K. pneumoniae 8건), Mycoplasma 5명(확정 1, 가능 4), S. aureus 4명(확정 2, 가능 2), mucormycosis 1명(확정)이었다. 평균 입원 기간은 19일이고, 중환자실 입원률과 인공 호흡기 사용율은 각각 18%와 9.3%였다. 사망률은 13.8%였고 사망까지 평균 기간은 14.6일 이었다. 다변량 분석에서 사망을 예측할 수 있는 인자는 저체온과 빈호흡이었다. 임상병리과에서 배양되었던 모든 폐렴구균의 Penicillin 내성률은 서울 3개 병원에서 82-88%, 천안에서 72%였다. 폐렴 환자의 혈액에서 배양된 7주는 모두 Penicillin에 감수성이 있었다. K. pneumoniae 8주 모두 cefotaxime과 gentamicin에 감수성을 보였다. 결 론 : 후향적 조사이고 병원마다 원인균 진단에 차이가 있지만, 원인이 밝혀진 경우에는 결핵과 폐렴균이 흔하였고, 무균 부위에서 배양된 폐렴구균의 항균제 내성률은 낮았다. 원인이 밝혀지지 않은 경우가 많고, 혈청검사로 진단되는 원인균이 드물며, 분리균주가 적어 항균제 내성 정도를 추정하기 어려워, 이를 밝히기 위한 전향적 조사가 필요하다. Background : Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity, but its management is still challenging. The limitation of diagnostic methods to identify etiologic agents rapidly make it necessary to use empiric antibiotics in almost all patients, and furthermore the discovery of new respiratory pathogens and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant organisms pose difficulties to the selection of an empiric regimen. To clarify the factors necessary for the optimal choice of empirical antibiotics, such as the frequency of etiologic agents, the attributable rates to death and antimicrobial resistance rates in the community, six university hospitals in Seoul and one university hospital in Cheonan were participating in this study. Methods : medical records of adults (>15 years of age) hospitalized for CAP or pulmonary tuberculosis between April 1995 and March 1996, were reviewed. Patients who satisfied all of the following criteria were included in the study: (1) fever or hypothermia; (2) respiratory symptoms; and (3) pulmonary infiltrates on chest roentgenogram. To exclude cases of pulmonary tuberculosis whose roentgenographic features were so typical that it could be easily differentiated from conventional pneumonia, two additional criteria were required for inclusion: antibiotic treatment during the first week of hospital admission and initiation of anti-tuberculosis medications thereafter. Organisms isolated from sterile body sites, acid-fast bacilli or Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from sputum, pathogens diagnosed by a 4-fold rising titer of antibodies to “atypical”pathogens, or pathogens revealed by histopathology were defined as definitive cause of pneumonia; isolates from sputum withcompatible Gram stain, pathogens diagnosed by a single diagnostic titer plus use of a specific antimicrobial agent, or tuberculosis diagnosed by clinucal response to anti- tuberculosis medications were considered probable cause of pneumonia. The records of the clinical microbiology were reviewed for isolates of S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, Mycobacterium or acid-fast bacilli, and Mycoplasma. Then the frequency of these agents, antimicrobial resistance rates of resiratory pathogens from all body sites, and their clinical significance were evaluated. Results: After excluding 365 patients (230 with pulmonary tuberculosis and 135 with CAP) who were screened for inclusion but did not meet the inclusion criteria,246 persons were enrolled in this study. Their mean age was 58.2 years old with slight male predominance (58.2%), and 171(71%) patients had underlying illnesses. Blood cultures were performed on 191 (77.6%) patients and serologic tests on 44(18.3%) patients. The etiologic agents were identified in 31.3%, and the list of individual agents, in decreasing order, was pulmonary tuberculosis (17 definite and 3 probable: data of six hospitals), S. pneumoniae (8 definite and 10 probable), non-pneumococci (3 definite), aerobic gram-negative bacilli (7 definite and 4 probable), Haemophilus spp. (11 probable), mycoplasma (1 definite and 4 probable), polymicrobial infections (2 definite and 2 probable: E. coli and S. agalactiae, M. tuberculosis and S. aureus, S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae and A. baumannii and K. pneumonias), S. aureus (2 definite and 2 probable) , and mucormycosis (1 definite). Among gram-negative bacilli, K. pneumoniae was the most common agent (8isolates). therates of admission to the intensive care unitand of using assisted ventilation were 18% and 9.3%, respectively. The mortality was 13.8% and logistic regression analysis showed that hypothermia and tachypnea were associated with death. Hospital stay averaged 19 days. Susceptible rates of S. pneumoniae isolated from all body sites to penicillin ranged from 8% to 28% but seven isolated from blood of patients with pneumonia were susceptible to penicillin. Also all 8 isolated of k> pneumoniae from patients with pneumonia were susceptible to cefotaxime and gentamicin. Conclusion: In Korea, in addition to S. pneumoniae, M. tuberculosis is an important agent causing community-acquired pneumonia. The low incidence of etiologic diagnosis is probably related to infrequent requesting of test "atypical" pathogens and does not represent the true incidence of infections by "atypical" pathogens, which well be answered by a prospective study. The antimicrobial resistance rates of major respiratory pathogens from sterile body sites are low, however, because of a small number of the isolates this result needs confirmation by a nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial resistance.

비행체 탑재 빔 조향 안테나

함형석,문상만,우종명 충남대학교 산업기술연구소 2005 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.20 No.1

This paper presents the Beam steering antenna on aircraft. An proposed and advanced printed type monopole antenna which overcomes drawbacks of conventional monopole antennas. On the front part, it has parasitic elements as a reflector to increase directivity gain in one direction. The Beam Steering antenna proposed in this paper has pin diode attached between two parasitic elements and ground, enabling control of beam directivity by the diode switch. The proposed antenna on aircraft shows the characteristics of the back directivity antenna with the gain of 1.5dBd and F.B. ratio 8.8dB, which leads us to conclude that the antenna has advantages in improving the gain and F.B. ratio.

유가 신관의 종교교육학적 지평

崔文馨 韓國宗敎敎育學會 2003 宗敎敎育學硏究 Vol.16 No.-

종교교육의 구체적 내용은 각 종교의 신념과 교의에 따라 다를 수 있지만 그 공통적 함의는 성스러움에의 지향이라고 하겠으며 이것은 선진 유가의 신관에 잘 드러나 있다. 공자 신개념의 사상적 출발은 고대 상제신앙에서 비롯되어 주대의 정치적 천명사상을 거쳤다. 공자는 전래돼 오던 신앙의 대상으로서 인격적 천신의 요소를 긍정하면서도 천의 절대적 권위를 개인의 윤리적 자각의 촉구하는 내재적 의미의 천개념으로 전향시켰다. 공자의 신관은 초월적인 면을 무시하지 않으면서도 인간의 자각적 노력 또한 경시하지 않았다. 즉 초월성과 내재성, 자율성과 타율성의 융합적 성격을 갖는다. 공자는 인간 주체의 선과 덕성의 잠재적 가능성에 대한 신념을 강조했다. 맹자의 신관은 외적 측면과 내적 측면의 두 가지로 나타난다. 외적인 정치적 측면으로는 『시』·『서』를 중심으로 주대의 천명 정치사상을 민본과 혁명의 근거로 통치자에게 왕도정치(인정)를 제시했다. 또 내적인 윤리적 측면에서는 인간 심성의 내면을 추구하여 인간본성의 선함을 천에 근원시키고 있다. 천명은 인성의 내적 근거가 되며, 성선은 천명에 기초한 인정(仁政)과 혁명의 명분을 제공한다. 이러한 유가의 신관은 인간 개개인의 종교적 완성과 연결된다. 이는 선천적 도덕의 가능성으로 시작하여 인격의 완성을 지향처로 하는 자발적 감수성으로 발전했으며 이러한 종교교육적 함의가 바로 동양의 신관에 함축되어 있다. In this essay, we will discuss the concept of God in Ancient China and its religious functions. We find that Confucius turned the absolute dignity of Heaven to the idea that Heaven is the immanent being and urged individuals to be morally aware, as well as affirming the factor of the personal Heavenly God as the object of faith. This Confucian concept of God shows that the personal God (Lord-on-High) in ancient China was depersonalized, and came down to the human world. The God in Confucianism takes part in the human society and the worldly order, however limited. In other words, it can work with 'jen 仁', the order of human inside, and 'Li 禮', the consideration of the outside. It is characterized as the adaptation with no tension between Man and God, and between Man and society. It shows that Confucianism which communicates with something focuses on this worldliness and rationalism as its features.