Validation of Gene Silencing Using RNA Interference in Buffalo Granulosa Cells

Monga, Rachna,Datta, Tirtha Kumar,Singh, Dheer Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2011 Animal Bioscience Vol.24 No.11

Silencing of a specific gene using RNAi (RNA interference) is a valuable tool for functional analysis of a target gene. However, information on RNAi for analysis of gene function in farm animals is relatively nil. In the present study, we have validated the interfering effects of siRNA (small interfering RNA) using both quantitative and qualitative gene silencing in buffalo granulosa cells. Qualitative gene knockdown was validated using a fluorescent vector, enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) and fluorescently labeled siRNA (Cy3) duplex. While quantitatively, siRNA targeted against the luciferase and CYP19 mRNA was used to validate the technique. CYP19 gene, a candidate fertility gene, was selected as a model to demonstrate the technique optimization. However, to sustain the expression of CYP19 gene in culture conditions using serum is difficult because granulosa cells have the tendency to luteinize in presence of serum. Therefore, serum free culture conditions were optimized for transfection and were found to be more suitable for the maintenance of CYP19 gene transcripts in comparison to culture conditions with serum. Decline in fluorescence intensity of green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was observed following co-transfection with plasmid generating siRNA targeted against EGFP gene. Quantitative decrease in luminescence was seen when co-transfected with siRNA against the luciferase gene. A significant suppressive effect on the mRNA levels of CYP19 gene at 100 nM siRNA concentration was observed. Also, measurement of estradiol levels using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) showed a significant decline in comparison to control. In conclusion, the present study validated gene silencing using RNAi in cultured buffalo granulosa cells which can be used as an effective tool for functional analysis of target genes.

Antifungal Activity of Chitosan against Trichophyton rubrum

( Sanjay Monga ),( Thi Xoan Hoang ),( Jae Kweon Park ),( Jae Young Kim ) 한국키틴키토산학회 2020 한국키틴키토산학회지 Vol.25 No.4

In the present study, we examined antifungal activity of chitosan against Trichophyton rubrum (T. rubrum), which is a dermatophytic fungus and colonizes the upper layer of dead skin and causes athlete’s foot. Water-soluble chitosan oligosaccharide (AS-WSC), which had been prepared by the hydrolysis of high molecular weight water-soluble chitosan, was used in this study. The results upon screening, the AS-WSC inhibited T. rubrum, with zones of inhibition of 2% and 0.2% AS-WSC were 22 and 6 mm, respectively, while that of fluconazole was 30 mm. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of AS-WSC was 1.25 mg/ml, while fluconazole showed MIC value of 2 μg/ml. Inhibition percentages of radial growth by 2% and 0.2% AS-WSC were 61% and 38%, respectively, while that of fluconazole was 73%. Two% and 0.2% AS-WSC treatment resulted in reduction of mycelium dry weights by 77% and 56%, respectively, while fluconazole reducing that by 84%. Our results suggest that ASWSC can be a potential antifungal agent to treat infection by T. rubrum.

I-LEACH Protocol For Wireless Sensor Networks

Gurjot Singh Gaba,Himanshu Monga,Lavish Kansal,Rajan Miglani 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.11 No.8

Wireless Sensors Networks (WSN) have gained a lot of significance because of potential applications such as Marine engineering, Human body tissue study and animal life study. The scope of WSN is limited to some extent due to tiny battery inside the node, thus limiting the scope of applicability where replacing a battery is infeasible. A research to solve this issue has been proposed in this paper. The motivation behind this work is the LEACH protocol which is considered as the oldest technique for Energy Conservation in WSN. But with the advancement in the fabrication of nodes, this protocol needs to be altered to cater the needs. Analysis proved that Intelligent LEACH (I-LEACH) is better than MOD-LEACH approach (A variation to LEACH) in terms of increased lifetime. Results depict 54% increase in the lifetime of the network as compared to MOD-LEACH, which ensures longer connectivity and reliability.

Influence of Oxidative Etching of Au Nanostructures by KMnO4 on its Surface Morphology, Electro-kinetic Properties and Improved Catalytic Activity

Bonamali Pal,Anila Monga 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.31 No.-

This paper reports the impact of oxidative etching of Au nanospheres and nanorods by KMnO4 on theirsurface morphology, electro-kinetic properties and catalytic activity. A significant blue-shift of thesurface plasmon bands for Au nanospheres (536 to 527 nm) and Au nanorods (679 to 532 nm) wereobserved, due to their size and shape alterations after oxidative dissolution. TEM analysis also revealedthe formation of various irregular Au nano-morphologies such as spheres ( 4-7 nm), low aspect ratiorods (2.6) and spheroids ( 13 nm) of narrow size distribution after KMnO4 etching. As a result, thehydrodynamic diameter of Au nanospheres ( 41 nm) and Au nanorods ( 109 nm) were reduced to4 nm and 34 nm, respectively. The oxidative dissolution of Au0 by KMnO4 occurred via its oxidation toAu3+ ions as confirmed by the measured electrode potential, E0(Au0/Au3+) = -0.90 V by cyclic voltammetrywith significant increase in the zeta potential and conductance values. The etched Au nanoparticlesbeing smaller in size and of higher surface to volume ratio resulted in 2 fold higher catalytic activitiesfor the reduction of p-nitrophenol and p-nitrobenzoic acid as compared to bare unetched Aunanostructures.

Medical and Dietary Therapy for Kidney Stone Prevention

Zeynep Gul,Manoj Monga 대한비뇨의학회 2014 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.55 No.12

The prevalence of kidney stone disease is increasing, and newer research is finding thatstones are associated with several serious morbidities. These facts suggest that emphasisneeds to be placed not only on stone treatment but also stone prevention. However, there is a relative dearth of information on dietary and medical therapiesto treat and avoid nephrolithiasis. In addition, studies have shown that there are manymisconceptions among both the general community and physicians about how stonesshould be managed. This article is meant to serve as a review of the current literatureon dietary and drug therapies for stone prevention.

A Maximum <i>a Posteriori</i> Estimation Framework for Robust High Dynamic Range Video Synthesis

Li, Yuelong,Lee, Chul,Monga, Vishal IEEE 2017 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING - Vol.26 No.3

<P>High dynamic range (HDR) image synthesis from multiple low dynamic range exposures continues to be actively researched. The extension to HDR video synthesis is a topic of significant current interest due to potential cost benefits. For HDR video, a stiff practical challenge presents itself in the form of accurate correspondence estimation of objects between video frames. In particular, loss of data resulting from poor exposures and varying intensity makes conventional optical flow methods highly inaccurate. We avoid exact correspondence estimation by proposing a statistical approach via maximum a posterior estimation, and under appropriate statistical assumptions and choice of priors and models, we reduce it to an optimization problem of solving for the foreground and background of the target frame. We obtain the background through rank minimization and estimate the foreground via a novel multiscale adaptive kernel regression technique, which implicitly captures local structure and temporal motion by solving an unconstrained optimization problem. Extensive experimental results on both real and synthetic data sets demonstrate that our algorithm is more capable of delivering high-quality HDR videos than current state-of-the-art methods, under both subjective and objective assessments. Furthermore, a thorough complexity analysis reveals that our algorithm achieves better complexity-performance tradeoff than conventional methods.</P>

A Comprehensive Review on Routing in VANET

Sandeep Kumar Arora,Himanshu Monga 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Grid and Distributed Comp Vol.9 No.10

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) have emerged as new technology with an aim of providing safety and security for the persons sitting in the vehicles. Consequently, wide variety of research contributions have been presented for VANET intrinsic characteristics. This paper provides comprehensive details of various types of routing protocol which is used to route the packets amongst various vehicles in high mobility scenarios. A detailed categorization of various routing techniques is provided in this paper with respect to the advantages, disadvantages and their various applications. The routing techniques have been compared to make the Intelligent Transportation System.

On the bounds of the eigenvalues of matrix polynomials

Wali Mohammad Shah,Zahid Bashir Monga 강원경기수학회 2023 한국수학논문집 Vol.31 No.2

Let $P(z):=\displaystyle{\sum\limits_{j=0}^n} A_jz^j,~A_j\in \mathbb{C}^{m\times m}, 0\leq j\leq n$ be a matrix polynomial of degree $n,$ such that $$A_n\geq A_{n-1}\geq \ldots \geq A_0\geq 0,~A_n>0.$$ Then the eigenvalues of $P(z)$ lie in the closed unit disk. This theorem proved by Dirr and Wimmer [IEEE Trans. Automat. Control \textbf{52}(2007), 2151-2153 ] is infact a matrix extension of a famous and elegant result on the distribution of zeros of polynomials known as Enestr\"om-Kakeya theorem. In this paper, we prove a more general result which inter alia includes the above result as a special case. We also prove an improvement of a result due to L\^{e}, Du, Nguy\^{e}n [Oper. Matrices, \textbf{13}(2019), 937-954] besides a matrix extention of a result proved by Mohammad [Amer. Math. Monthly, vol.74, No.3, March 1967].

The Moisture Response of Soil Microorganisms: Old Topic, Present Challenges and New Approaches

Claire Chenu,Fernando Moyano,Naoise Nunan,Ruth Falconer,Patricia Garnier,Olivier Monga,Wilfred Otten,Valerie Pot,Xavier Raynaud 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Immunohistochemical Analysis of the Expression of Cytokeratins in Acquired Cholesteatoma and Its Clinico-Radiological Correlation

Kanodia Anupam,Kakkar Aanchal,Verma Yash,Roy Diya,Verma Hitesh,Singh Chirom Amit,Monga Rabia,Jain Deepali,Thakar Alok,Sikka Kapil 대한청각학회 2023 Journal of Audiology & Otology Vol.27 No.2

Background and Objectives: Cholesteatomatous chronic otitis media acquires epithelial proliferation and differentiation characteristics, which render it able to erode the underlying bone and cause complications. We attempt to characterize the cholesteatoma epithelium by observing the expression of cytokeratins (such as 34ße12, CK17, and CK13) and Ki67 among patients with cholesteatoma with different aggressiveness as compared to disease-free controls.Subjects and Methods: In this prospective study (2017-2021), we enrolled all consenting consecutive patients with cholesteatomatous chronic otitis media. They were staged in accordance with the staging guidelines of the European Academy of Otology and Neurotology and the Japanese Otological Society. Bony external auditory canal (EAC) skin specimens of the patients undergoing tympanoplasty were chosen as controls. We did an immunohistochemical analysis of the cholesteatoma specimens and normal bony EAC controls by observing the expression of 34ße12, CK17, CK13, and Ki67 across the layers of the epithelium. Fisher’s exact test and chi-square test were used to evaluate any statistical significance between the cases and the controls, and the subgroups were made based on the clinical stage.Results: An increased expression of CK17 (<i>p</i><0.001), CK13 (<i>p</i><0.03), and Ki67 (<i>p</i><0.001) was observed in cholesteatoma specimens when compared to normal bony EAC controls. Also, there was a loss of expression of 34ße12 in a subset of cholesteatoma specimens, all of which showed full-thickness expression of CK13. There was no difference in the expression of cytokeratin among specimens from patients belonging to different subgroups based on clinical stage, age, sex, duration of ear symptoms, or type of hearing loss (conductive vs. sensorineural).Conclusions: The majority of cholesteatoma specimens significantly overexpressed CK17, CK13, and Ki67 when compared to normal bony EAC skin controls, while a subset showed loss of expression of 34ße12, which provides some insight into its pathogenesis.