증여의 네 번째 의무

정헌목(Jung, Heon?mok) 서울대학교 비교문화연구소 2018 비교문화연구 Vol.24 No.2

『증여론』에서 선물교환에 관해 모스(Mauss)가 전개한 논의에는 고들리에(Godelier)가 ‘네 번째 의무’라 지칭한 또 다른 주제가 존재한다. 모스 자신이 “신과 자연을 위해서 인간에게 행하는 증여의 문제”라 부른 이 주제는 바로 신과 자연, 조상의 영에게 행하는 증여에 관한 문제이다. 인간들 사이에 존재하는 주고, 받고, 답례하는 세 가지 의무 외에 신을 비롯한 신성한 존재에 대한 증여가 선물교환의 네 번째 의무로 자리하고 있다는 것이다. 본고에서는 여기에 주목하여 『증여론』에서의 선물교환 원리와 희생제의에 관한 이론을 연결하여 모스의 논의를 검토한다. 이를 통해 희생제의의 원리와 모스가 설명하는 선물의 논리 간의 연관성을 바탕으로 한 분석이 현대사회에서 어떤 시사점을 갖는지, 나아가 사회 혹은 공동체의 형성과 어떤 관련을 갖는지 분석한다. 특히 신성한 존재에 대한 증여가 사람들 간의 호혜적 의무와 동일한 층위에서 작동할 수 없다는 사실을 바탕으로, 증여의 ‘네 번째 의무’에 의해 구성된 위계적 세계를 공동체 형성의 차원에서 이해하는 논의를 고찰한다. This article explores the forgotten theme of “the fourth obligation” called by Maurice Godelier in the discussion of Marcel Mauss about the gift exchange. Mauss explained this theme as that of the gift made to men in the sight of gods or nature. It includes the sacrificing rites to the gods and spirits as the fourth obligation of gift exchange, beyond reciprocal relationships among humans based on three obligations to give, receive, and repay. Focusing on the similarity between discussions about sacrifice and gift exchange, I examine that the “total prestation” system of Mauss and the formation of society or community are closely linked. In particular, discussions about hierarchical worlds constituted by “the fourth obligation” are essential, because gift to the divine beings cannot be compatible with reciprocal relationships among humans. Based on reviews about this kind of discussions, I argue an obligation to give towards the divinities can contribute to the formation of communities on another level.

중국 불법행위법의 제정 논의와 그 특징에 관한 일고

李在睦(Lee, Jae-Mok) 중앙대학교 법학연구원 2009 法學論文集 Vol.33 No.2

This article is explained content and characteristics of the latest version of the tort law draft and is looked at the prospect of legislation. According to their legislation intention, China established the contract law and the real right law and currently tort law is codified to be legislation. On the judicial system history which will have significant implications. These are the individual laws are integrated into codification of the Chinese civil law, China's unique political and economic ideology whether it will effectively supported early yet to predict. Currently, China is drafting its tort law and is scheduled to be promulgate the National people's Congress it by March 2010. November 6, 2009, on National people's Congress website is shown a view of tort law draft of People's Republic of China that begin in the opinions of various fields are that disprove these estimate. A permissible range of punitive damages and the maximum of damages, whether or not the recognition of professional responsibility, etc. are still the subject of issues and which is a matter of concern in us.

300V DC Feed System for Internet Data Center

Du-Hwan Kim,Taesik Yu,Hyosung Kim,Hyungsoo Mok,Kyung-Seok Park 전력전자학회 2011 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2011 No.5

Internet Data Centers (IDC), as essential facilities for modern IT industry, typically have scores of ㎿ of concentrated electric loads. Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS) are necessary for the power feed system of IDCs because of stable power requirement. Thus, conventional AC power feed systems of IDCs have three cascaded power conversion stages such as (AC-DC), (DCAC), and (AC-DC), which results in very low conversion efficiency. On the contrary, DC power feed systems need just a single power conversion stage (AC-DC) supplying AC mains power to DC server loads, which gives comparatively high conversion efficiency and reliability [5]. This paper compares the efficiencies between 220V AC power feed system and 300V DC power feed system on equal load conditions which were established in Mok-Dong IDC of Korea Telecom Co. Ltd. (KT). Experimental results show that the total operation efficiency of the 300V DC power feed system is around 15% higher than that of the 220V AC power feed system.

Synthesis of pyrazine via chemoselective reduction of β-keto-α-oximino ester using baker's yeast

Mo, K.,Park, J.H.,Kang, S.B.,Kim, Y.,Lee, Y.S.,Lee, J.W.,Keum, G. Elsevier 2016 Journal of molecular catalysis Enzymatic Vol.123 No.-

<P>The synthesis of pyrazines by the baker's yeast-mediated reaction of beta-keto-alpha-oximino esters and amides is described. Baker's yeast reduced oximes selectively over ketones of beta-keto-alpha-oximino esters to give the corresponding beta-keto-alpha-amino ester intermediates, which underwent spontaneous dimerization followed by air-induced aromatization to yield pyrazines. The chemoselective reduction of beta-keto-alpha-oximino amides using baker's yeast also afforded the corresponding pyrazines. Interestingly, both hydroximes and alkoximes gave the pyrazines by the baker's yeast-mediated reduction via the corresponding amino ketones, the known precursors of pyrazines. The reaction was strongly dependent upon pH of reaction medium, and gave optimum yields at pH 5. These results demonstrate that pyrazines were synthesized efficiently and eco-friendly using a whole-cell biocatalytic system as an alternative to chemical reduction. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

초음파 영상에서 제한회절빔의 적용에 관한 연구

정목근 대진대학교 1996 大眞論叢 Vol.4 No.-

We simulate the field response of pulsed mode diffraction-limited beam combined with receive dynamic focusing in linear array transducer. The results show that diffraction limited beam is applicable in tissue characterization in terms of lateral resolution and on axis intensity within depth of field in ultrasound imaging.

비절차적 프로그래밍 명세의 자동프로그래밍

정목동 부산 외국어 대학교 1990 外大論叢 Vol.8 No.1

Nonprofessional programmers found it very difficult to program using very high level languages such as V, REFINE, GIST, and SETL, because the semantic primitives of these languages are very abstract. Even professional programmers may find a lot of difficulties when they write a relatively long program in these languages. In this paper, a method is suggested for reducing such difficulties by programming with declarative, and aggregate constructs. We design a program specification language, called KAPL, which is implemented on the knowledge-based automatic programming system KAPS, and show the mehtod of automatic programming from a specification in KAPL into C code.

FGCS에서 Data Machine과 Knowledge Base Machine의 Architecture에 관한 연구

정목동,이광우 釜山 外國語 大學校 1986 外大論叢 Vol.4 No.1

Japan's FGCS(Fifth Generation Computer System)project was establshed to build a prototype of KIPS(Knowledge Information Processing System) capable of efficiently performing knowledge-based problem-solving and inference. There are there basic functions in FGCS machine as follows. 1) problem-solving and inference machine 2) knowledge base machine 3) intelligent interface machine Among them, this paper descirbes the architecture of the Delta machine which is a relational data base machine in FGCS, and that of knowledge base machine. Especially we'll discuss the Delta machine and the knowledge base machine.

초고속 정보통신망에 바탕을 둔 원격 교육 시스템

정목동 釜慶大學校 1996 釜慶大學校 論文集 Vol.1 No.2

In this paper, we design and implement a prototype of the distant ITS (Intelligent Tutoring System): English Tutor which is running on the Information Superhighway. It is designed for the purpose of teaching the English conversation effectively to the students whose mother tongues are not English. And this system is based on the hypermedia interface and thus provide efficient student interfaces to the students compared with the existing ITSs. The Tutor could choose appropriate tutoring strategies and teach the students effectively according to the contents of the student model which represents the learning status of the students. And also it is based on the Remote Data Management Client/Server model and is implemented on SPARCstation using Oracle 7.3 and PowerBuilder5.0.

초음파 영상시스템에서의 측방향 최대해상도의 한계

정목근 대진대학교 1997 大眞論叢 Vol.5 No.-

This paper is represented the limitation of maximum lateral resolution in ultrasonic imaging system. In ideal case where the aperture is infinite, the maximum lateral resolution is limited by center frequency of ultrasound and width of the first null of mainlobe is about λ.

컴퓨터 활용을 통한 수학 수업에서의 기대효과

염목화,안영준 朝鮮大學校 統計硏究所 2006 統計硏究所論文誌 Vol.8 No.1

The purpose of this study is to investigate the expected effect of teaching-learning through the usage of computer, one of the methods to learn mathematics. Based on the survey on the effect from experimental class students who have studied using the GrafEq (Korean version), we conclude the following: Experimental class students have more positive attitude in learning mathematics compared to comparative class students. In addition, students who had lessons through the aid of computers responded that they preferred to continue such method of lesson in the future. However more researches on using computers teachers' efforts, and government supports will be needed.