日韓接触場面における二者と三者の初対面会話の話題開始と情報交換の分析 - 会話データ分析の手法を学ぶ教材開発をめざして -

大場美和子 ( Ohba¸ Miwako ) 한국일어교육학회 2021 일본어교육연구 Vol.- No.55

本研究の目的は、日韓接触場面における二者と三者の初対面会話を対象に、話題開始と情報交換の方法の特徴を明らかにし、会話データ分析の初学者対象の教材開発へつなげる観点を考察することである。調査では、日本の大学の留学生1名(韓国語母語話者)を基軸に、20分程度の初対面二者·三者の会話データを収集した。分析では、全会話の話題区分を行い、参加者別に、(1)話題開始の頻度と方法、(2)情報提供数、(3)情報交換の型の集計を行った。分析の結果、(1)は、二者と三者会話で学習者の話題開始の頻度に違いがあり、特に三者会話では参加者間で頻度の不均衡さが観察された。ただし、話題開始の方法は、二者と三者会話でともに情報要求による話題開始が多い傾向が観察された。(2)は、二者·三者会話ともに参加者間で比較的均衡に情報提供が行われる傾向が観察された。(3)は、二者と三者会話でともに、話題を導入する情報要求とそれに対する応答で情報交換が行われる点は共通していた。しかし、三者会話では、2人の母語話者の異なる情報交換の型が観察された。(1)-(3)より、話話題開始や情報交換の型に多様性が見られるものの、参加者間の情報提供数は二者と三者で比較的均等であったと考えられる。さらに、会話後に、各参加者に個別に行ったフォローアップ·インタビューでは、他の参加者と情報交換ができた点などを肯定的に評価する報告を行った。以上をふまえ、会話データ分析の手法を指導する教材開発の観点として3つの提案を行った。 The purpose of this research is to consider and clarify the characteristics of the method of starting a topic and exchanging information in a first meeting conversation between two and three parties in a Japanese-Korean contact situation, with a view to developing teaching materials for beginners of conversation data analysis. In the survey, the author collected the conversation data of two or three people who met for the first time for about twenty minutes, which centered on one international student (a native speaker of Korean) from a Japanese university. In the analysis, the topics of all conversations were classified as : (1) the frequency and method of starting the topic, (2) the amount of information provided, and (3) the types of information exchange which were then tabulated for each participant. The result of the analysis clearly shows that the amount of information provided among the participants was relatively equal even though the number of participants was different. However, diversity was observed in the types of topic initiation and information exchange. Based on the above characteristics, the author made three proposals that will lead to the development of teaching materials from the perspective of teaching conversational data analysis methods.

初級クラスのインタビュー活動報告

MIWAKO SHIGENOBU 한국일본어교육학회 2024 日本語敎育 Vol.- No.107

本稿は、韓国の大学で行った「活動型日本語授業」の実践報告である。筆者は2018年から2020年に渡ってインタビューを取り入れた日本語の活動型授業を行った。クラスでテーマを決め、インタビュー相手を決定し、インタビューを行ってその成果を教室で発表するという活動をグループで行った。学生たちの日本語は大部分が初級の段階であったが、活動後の学生の感想では、本活動が「日本語学習の動機付け」となり、「学生間のつながり」をもたらし、「自己成長」が実感できたなどの声が集まった。 語学の授業はテキストに準拠する場合が多いが、練習を繰り返していても「自分のことば」を話す実感には辿り着けない。学生自らの体験に基づいた動機から活動のテーマを創出し、学生自身の「自分のことば」につなげるためにも、バーチャルではないリアルな活動をする必要がある。 教師が大学の「ことば」の教室で行うことは、学生たちが将来役に立つ日本語の構造を教えることではなく、目の前にいる学生が、思考を深め、他者と関わりながら豊かに生きて行くための支援をすることである。そのためにどのような言語活動をしたらいいか、言語教育に携わる教師はそれを問われている。 This article is a practical report on an ``active Japanese class'' conducted at a university in South Korea. The author conducted Japanese activity-based classes that incorporated interviews from 2018 to 2020. Although most of the students' Japanese was at an elementary level, we decided to allow interviews to be conducted in Korean and to conduct presentations in Japanese. Students' comments after the activity included comments such as the activity provided ``motivation to study Japanese,'' created ``connections among students,'' and allowed them to experience ``self-growth.'' Language classes are often based on textbooks, but even if you practice repeatedly, you won't be able to get the feeling of speaking ``your own language.'' In order to connect students to their own words, it is necessary to engage in real, not virtual, activities. What teachers do in the language classroom is to help the students in front of them deepen their thinking and live a rich life while interacting with others. Teachers involved in language education are being asked what kind of language activities they should carry out to achieve this goal.

English Phoneme Discrimination Acquisition for Speech Production: Focusing on Repetitive Phoneme Sounds

( Miwako Mamijo ),( Takayuki Shimotomai ),( Takashi Omori ) 국민대학교 어문학연구소 2014 語文學論叢 Vol.33 No.-

X-ray and Neutron Diffraction Studies of New Ternary Ordered Structures in CuMPt6 (M=3d elements) Alloys (초)

Miwako Takahashi,Ken Ichi Ohshima 대한금속ㆍ재료학회 2009 대한금속재료학회 학술대회 개요집 Vol.2009 No.1

Causal Model Structure Analysis of Emotional Unrest in First Time Mothers Faced with Persistent Infant Crying 6–7 Weeks Postpartum

Miwako Okamoto,Megumi Matsuoka 한국간호과학회 2009 Asian Nursing Research Vol.3 No.1

Aim First time mothers faced with a continuously crying infant, who do not know how to stop their child from crying, are at risk of developing anxiety and other types of Emotional Unrest. Because continuous Emotional Unrest may lead to an emotional crisis, it is important for healthcare providers to understand causal factors associated with Emotional Unrest among first time mothers faced with a persistently crying infant 6–7 weeks postpartum. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out on a study population of 217 first time mothers with infants aged 6–7 weeks. A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure Emotional Unrest, Neighborhood Social Organization, Effective Parenting Support, Understanding of Crying and the Effect of Information Available on Crying, Current Parenting Environment and Characteristics of the Mother and Child. Potential causal factors for Emotional Unrest were explored using structural equation modeling. Results One hundred and thirty two (60.8%) of the mothers experienced persistent crying in the period 6–7 weeks after the birth of their child and 108 (49.7%) mothers experienced Emotional Unrest. Factor analysis revealed five important constructs to be causal factors of Emotional Unrest: Effective Parenting Support, Effective Assistance with Regard to Crying, Confused by Information, Neighborhood Social Organization and Feelings of Fatigue and Anxiety. Structural equation modeling indicated that Effective Parenting Support, Effective Assistance with Regard to Crying, Confused by Information and Neighborhood Social Organization affect Feelings of Fatigue and Anxiety, which then leads to Emotional Unrest. Conclusion This study demonstrated that it will be necessary in future for health-care workers to provide early intervention, such as accurate information about crying as well as concrete and appropriate response measures for dealing with crying. Furthermore, in motherhood/parenting classes and the discharge guidance conducted at birthing centers, it will be necessary to provide guidance on what kind of effective support and local area resources are available to parents following the birth of their child. Aim First time mothers faced with a continuously crying infant, who do not know how to stop their child from crying, are at risk of developing anxiety and other types of Emotional Unrest. Because continuous Emotional Unrest may lead to an emotional crisis, it is important for healthcare providers to understand causal factors associated with Emotional Unrest among first time mothers faced with a persistently crying infant 6–7 weeks postpartum. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out on a study population of 217 first time mothers with infants aged 6–7 weeks. A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure Emotional Unrest, Neighborhood Social Organization, Effective Parenting Support, Understanding of Crying and the Effect of Information Available on Crying, Current Parenting Environment and Characteristics of the Mother and Child. Potential causal factors for Emotional Unrest were explored using structural equation modeling. Results One hundred and thirty two (60.8%) of the mothers experienced persistent crying in the period 6–7 weeks after the birth of their child and 108 (49.7%) mothers experienced Emotional Unrest. Factor analysis revealed five important constructs to be causal factors of Emotional Unrest: Effective Parenting Support, Effective Assistance with Regard to Crying, Confused by Information, Neighborhood Social Organization and Feelings of Fatigue and Anxiety. Structural equation modeling indicated that Effective Parenting Support, Effective Assistance with Regard to Crying, Confused by Information and Neighborhood Social Organization affect Feelings of Fatigue and Anxiety, which then leads to Emotional Unrest. Conclusion This study demonstrated that it will be necessary in future for health-care workers to provide early intervention, such as accurate information about crying as well as concrete and appropriate response measures for dealing with crying. Furthermore, in motherhood/parenting classes and the discharge guidance conducted at birthing centers, it will be necessary to provide guidance on what kind of effective support and local area resources are available to parents following the birth of their child.

Training English Phoneme Discrimination Ability

Miwako Kamijo 미래영어영문학회 2012 미래영어영문학회 학술대회 자료집 Vol.2012 No.12

This study focuses on a possible English Phoneme Discrimination Ability input and output training method for learners of English as a foreign language that can be developed and practiced very easily. First of all, the input training was practiced with sixteen Japanese monolingual students of age six to eleven. And two approaches of evaluations followed; which are i) multiple choice listening test and ii) brain wave recording. By this, the training development strategy had proved to be compatible and so further output training had been studied. The training aim and method had been studied and focused over three surveys; i) English phoneme discrimination test, ii) comparative study on English listening test and reading lap time, iii) brain wave recording. Training had followed with thirty-six Japanese monolingual students of age eighteen to nineteen. As a result, 72% of the students had felt that they accomplished the task of discriminating the English Phoneme of the words, and most of all, enjoyed the training very much.

Structural evidence of <b>α</b>‐aminoacylated lipoproteins of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>

Asanuma, Miwako,Kurokawa, Kenji,Ichikawa, Rie,Ryu, Kyoung‐,Hwa,Chae, Jun‐,Ho,Dohmae, Naoshi,Lee, Bok Luel,Nakayama, Hiroshi Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 FEBS JOURNAL Vol.278 No.5

<P>Bacterial lipoproteins are known to be diacylated or triacylated and activate mammalian immune cells via Toll‐like receptor 2/6 or 2/1 heterodimer. Because the genomes of low G+C content Gram‐positive bacteria, such as <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I>, do not contain <I>Escherichia coli</I>‐type apolipoprotein <I>N</I>‐acyltransferase, an enzyme converting diacylated lipoproteins into triacylated forms, it has been widely believed that native lipoproteins of <I>S. aureus</I> are diacylated. However, we recently demonstrated that one lipoprotein SitC purified from <I>S. aureus</I> RN4220 strain was triacylated. Almost simultaneously, another group reported that another lipoprotein SA2202 purified from <I>S. aureus</I> SA113 strain was diacylated. The determination of exact lipidated structures of <I>S. aureus</I> lipoproteins is thus crucial for elucidating the molecular basis of host–microorganism interactions. Toward this purpose, we intensively used MS‐based analyses. Here, we demonstrate that SitC lipoprotein of <I>S. aureus</I> RN4220 strain has two lipoprotein lipase‐labile <I>O</I>‐esterified fatty acids and one lipoprotein lipase‐resistant fatty acid. Further MS/MS analysis of the lipoprotein lipase digest revealed that the lipoprotein lipase‐resistant fatty acid was acylated to α‐amino group of the N‐terminal cysteine residue of SitC. Triacylated forms of SitC with various length fatty acids were also confirmed in cell lysate of the RN4220 and Triton X‐114 phase in three other <I>S. aureus</I> strains, including SA113 strain and one <I>Staphylococcus epidermidis</I> strain. Moreover, four other major lipoproteins including SA2202 in <I>S. aureus</I> strains were identified as <I>N</I>‐acylated. These results strongly suggest that lipoproteins of <I>S. aureus</I> are mainly in the <I>N</I>‐acylated triacyl form.</P>

Factors Affecting Breast Cancer Screening Behavior in Japan - Assessment using the Health Belief Model and Conjoint Analysis

Tsunematsu, Miwako,Kawasaki, Hiromi,Masuoka, Yuko,Kakehashi, Masayuki Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.10

Background: Japanese women in their 40s or older have been encouraged to attend breast cancer screening. However, the breast cancer screening rate in Japan is not as high as in Europe and the United States. The aim of this study was to identify psychological and personal characteristics of women concerning their participation in breast cancer screening using the Health Belief Model (HBM). In addition, the attributes of screening more easily accepted by participants were analyzed by conjoint analysis. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study of 3,200 age 20-69 women, data were collected by an anonymous questionnaire. Questions were based on HBM and personal characteristics, and included attitudes on hypothetical screening attributes. Data of women aged 40-69 were analyzed by logistic regression and conjoint analysis to clarify the factors affecting their participation in breast cancer screening. Results: Among responses collected from 1,280 women of age 20-69, the replies of 993 women of age 40-69 were used in the analysis. Regarding the psychological characteristics based on HBM, the odds ratios were significantly higher in "importance of cancer screening" (95%CI: 1.21-2.47) and "benefits of cancer screening" (95%CI: 1.09-2.49), whereas the odds ratio was significantly lower in "barriers to participation before cancer screening" (95%CI: 0.27-0.51). Conjoint analysis revealed that the respondents, overall, preferred screening to be low cost and by female staff members. Furthermore, it was also clarified that attributes of screening dominant in decision-making were influenced by the employment status and the type of medical insurance of the women. Conclusions: In order to increase participation in breast cancer screening, it is necessary to disseminate accurate knowledge on cancer screening and to reduce barriers to participation. In addition, the attributes of screening more easily accepted were inexpensive, provided by female staff, executed in a hospital and finished in a short time.

Interactive Questionnaire for Education through Web Media

Takayuki Shimotomai,Miwako Kamijo 영상영어교육학회 2014 영상영어교육 (STEM journal) Vol.15 No.2

The use of media in English language education has become widespread in the past couple of decades. The teaching materials available have a wide variation utilizing all broadcast media. Information which used to be collected from radio, newspaper, TV and books, also seems to be shifting to Internet information. Now, we are challenged to use the cloud and network in the latest media usage for teaching. In this paper, we aim to introduce a user friendly application, Google form in order to practice in various education contexts. The study is based on practical usage of this application but will also suggest usage by "script writing" for wider individual use. This paper introduces the basic steps and system of Google form use, and will elaborate the procedures in detail. As a branch test, we showed a structured questionnaire example. The items that can be used for this form are limited in use, but it can be customized by additional 'script usage.' However, too much customization can result in the application losing its user friendliness application. Therefore, this paper will suggest "script" examples that can be used very easily.

Interactive effect of cognitive function and intervention on the walking independence of stroke patients: a retrospective cohort study

Takuya Umehara,Miwako Tsunematsu,Katsunori Sugihara,Kaori Yata,Masayuki Kakehashi 한국운동재활학회 2020 JER Vol.16 No.3