Microclimate Environmental Model using ENVI-met : Case study at Setia City Mall, Setia Alam, Malaysia

Alamah Misni,Siti Nor Afzan Buyadi,Siti Mazwin Kamaruddin,Puziah Ahmad,Marlyana Azyyati Marzukhi,Mimi Zaleha Abdul Ghani,Nur Fairuz Auni Hashim,Siti Alifah Abdul Wahab,Puteri Nurain Fatihah Sahadi,Wan 한국생태환경건축학회 2019 한국생태환경건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.19 No.2

The study aims to measure the microclimate by generating the environmental model using ENVI-met software. The microclimate area that has been selected is at Setia City Mall, Setia Alam, Malaysia, as a shopping complex located in a hot and humid tropical climate. This simulation module is used to understand and quantify the interactions between the human-made and natural environment, and the outdoor microclimate. The physical elements involved multi-story buildings, roads, paving, and open/green areas. The simulation model shows that the highest temperature recorded was 35˚C, at 16.00 hours. The relative humidity (RH) is around 64% while wind speed is 1.02m/s. This high temperature and RH occurs due to the limited shaded trees with water element around open spaces, made the area hot and humid, and uncomfortable to users.

Effect of Unsaturation on the Stability of C_18 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Vesicles Suspension in Aqueous Solution

Yin Yin Teo,Misni Misran,Kah Hin Low,Sharifuddin Md. Zain 대한화학회 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.1

Degree of unsaturation in fatty acid molecules plays an important role in the formation of vesicles. Vesicle formation from C18 fatty acids with different amount of double bonds such as oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid with the incorporation of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000](DPPE-PEG2000) have been examined by TEM. Critical vesicular concentrations (CVC) of the vesicle suspension are determined by turbidity and surface tension methods. The CVC of fatty acids increases when the amount of unsaturation in the alkyl chain increases. On the other hand, stability of vesicle suspension has been examined by using particle size and zeta potential at 30 ^oC. There was a dramatic decrease in particle size measurement from mono-unsaturation to tri-unsaturation which could be due to the effect of fluidity in the membrane bilayer caused by different degree of unsaturation. The values of zeta potential for vesicles that were formed without the incorporation of DPPE-PEG2000 were in the range of ‒70 mV to ‒100 mV. It has been observed that the incorporation of DPPEPEG2000to the vesicle reduces the magnitude of zeta potential. However, this phenomenon does not obviously seen in fatty acid vesicles formed by linoleate-linoleic acid and linolenate-linolenic acid. We therefore conclude that the addition of DPPE-PEG2000 does not effectively improve the stability of the linoleate-linoleic acid and linolenatelinolenic acid vesicle at pH 9.0 after the evaluation of their particle size and zeta potential over a period of 30 days. Although the vesicles formed were not stable for more than 10 days, they have displayed the potential in encapsulating the active ingredients such as vitamin E and calcein. The results show that the loading efficiencies of vitamin E are of encouraging value.

Effect of Unsaturation on the Stability of C₁₈ Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Vesicles Suspension in Aqueous Solution

Teo, Yin Yin,Misran, Misni,Low, Kah Hin,Zain, Sharifuddin Md. Korean Chemical Society 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.1

Degree of unsaturation in fatty acid molecules plays an important role in the formation of vesicles. Vesicle formation from C18 fatty acids with different amount of double bonds such as oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid with the incorporation of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DPPE-PEG2000) have been examined by TEM. Critical vesicular concentrations (CVC) of the vesicle suspension are determined by turbidity and surface tension methods. The CVC of fatty acids increases when the amount of unsaturation in the alkyl chain increases. On the other hand, stability of vesicle suspension has been examined by using particle size and zeta potential at $30^{\circ}C$. There was a dramatic decrease in particle size measurement from mono-unsaturation to tri-unsaturation which could be due to the effect of fluidity in the membrane bilayer caused by different degree of unsaturation. The values of zeta potential for vesicles that were formed without the incorporation of DPPE-PEG2000 were in the range of -70 mV to -100 mV. It has been observed that the incorporation of DPPEPEG2000 to the vesicle reduces the magnitude of zeta potential. However, this phenomenon does not obviously seen in fatty acid vesicles formed by linoleate-linoleic acid and linolenate-linolenic acid. We therefore conclude that the addition of DPPE-PEG2000 does not effectively improve the stability of the linoleate-linoleic acid and linolenatelinolenic acid vesicle at pH 9.0 after the evaluation of their particle size and zeta potential over a period of 30 days. Although the vesicles formed were not stable for more than 10 days, they have displayed the potential in encapsulating the active ingredients such as vitamin E and calcein. The results show that the loading efficiencies of vitamin E are of encouraging value.

Arabic Gum Grafted PEGDMA Hydrogels: Synthesis, Physico-Chemical Characterization and In-vitro Release of Hydrophobic Drug

Sani Mamman Ibrahim,Teo Yin Yin,Misni Misran 한국고분자학회 2020 Macromolecular Research Vol.28 No.13

Hydrogel development using natural and synthetic polymers for biomedical applications have shown promising properties for drug delivery due to virtuous stimuli response and improvement in mechanical strength. Biomaterial hydrogel was synthesized using combination of arabic gum (AG), a natural polymer and polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), a synthetic polymer. The synthesis process follows chemical cross linking by free radical polymerization. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to characterize the hydrogels. Product yield, gel content and gelation time depends solely on the variable reacting concentrations and the mechanical properties of hydrogel depends on its compositions. Swelling studies reveal high swelling ratio in buffer solution pH 1.2 compare to buffer solution pH 7.4, and deionized water at pH 6.7. Swelling ratio raises with increase in PEGDMA concentration, but the presences of salt/ions solutions decreases the swelling ratio significantly and it depends on the charge of the ions. The kinetics of the swelling follows a second order non-linear rate equation. The rate of degradation revealed significant degradation in acidic medium and insignificant degradation was observed in basic medium. The encapsulation efficiency of quercetin introduced directly in the hydrogels during synthesis was found in the range of 85-94%. The release profile indicates the dependence of arabic gum grafted PEGDMA hydrogels on pH and compositions. The characteristic properties exhibited by the formulated hydrogels suggest the suitability of them to be applied as drug carriers.

User Awareness And Practice Of The “One Stop Centre (OSC) Online 3.0 System. Case Study : Municipal Council Of Subang Jaya, Selangor Malaysia OSC Online 3.0 System

Siti Mazwin Kamaruddin,Rozdiana Mohd Rosmi,Alamah Misni,Puziah Ahmad,Marlyana Azyyati Marzukhi,Mimi Zaleha Abdul Ghani 한국생태환경건축학회 2019 한국생태환경건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.19 No.2

Using the case of a local authority’s implementation of the system and its stakeholders’ opinions this study provides an insight to the good governance approach at the planning stage to enhance the municipality delivery system of submission. The overall findings indicate that almost half of the users find the system is successful while there is still room for improvement. The resulting knowledge from this study could help to improve e-government implementation in Malaysia and could benefit other local authorities towards digital e submission of plans on line.

The Potential of 3-D Visualisation and GIS for Decision Making

Mimi Zaleha Abdul Ghani,Yazid Sarkom,Siti Mazwin Kamaruddin,Alamah Misni,Marlyana Azyyati Marzukhi,Puziah Ahmad 한국생태환경건축학회 2019 한국생태환경건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.19 No.2

Decision making is one of the critical issues in the Malaysian planning system. The study explored the potential of 3-D visualisation and GIS as a planning tool for decision making in Malaysian planning process. The study involved qualitative interviews with decision makers to identify critical issues in the development planning process involving interest and knowledge, awareness, manual system and finally, support. A quantitative analysis was subsequently carried out amongst decision makers involved in the development planning process to measure the potential and effectiveness of 3-D visualisation and GIS in decision making.

Urban Green Space and Human Settlement Morphology

Puziah Ahmad,Muhammad Sharifullah Hashim,Nur Hakimiah Asnawi,Alamah Misni,Siti Mazwin Kamaruddin,Marlyana Azzyati Marzukhi,Mimi Zaleha Abdul Ghani 한국생태환경건축학회 2019 한국생태환경건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.19 No.2

The paper looks into the issues of green space particularly in the urban areas. Two case studies were chosen to depict the situation. Case study 1 is a review of green space requirement in Malaysian Planning Standards for selected sectors. A scale assessment (1-4) was used to measure the performance of implementation of green space requirement according to the standards. Case study 2 was a method of change detection of land cover in Petaling District, Selangor through satellite image interpretation using remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) application. A compliance of green space standard is a policy that had to be adhered, however its variations of compliance may subject to different interpretations. The change of land cover was detected with a significant decrease in green spaces and a significant increase in built up area. Green space component is a natural part of human settlement morphology that adds human’s well-being. This requires preservation and enhancement of strategies and policies.

Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Copper, Nickel, and Zinc Using 1-(2-Thiazolylazo)-2-Naphthol in the Presence of Triton X-100 Using Chemometric Methods

Low, Kah Hin,Zain, Sharifuddin Md.,Abas, Mhd. Radzi,Misran, Misni,Mohd, Mustafa Ali Korean Chemical Society 2009 대한화학회지 Vol.53 No.6

Triton X-100이 함유된 상태에서 정색시약인 1-(2-thiazolylazo)-2-naphthol이 첨가된 물에서 구리 (II), 니켈(II)과 아연(II)의 동시 분광광도법적 정량을 위한 다변량 모델들이 개발되었다. 분광학적 간섭의 단점을 극복하기 위해서, 주성분회귀분석법(PCR)과 부분최소자승법(PLS) 다변량 분석법적 접근이 적용되었다. 다양한 시험 세트를 사용하여 본 방법의 수행이 입증되었고 그 결과들이 비교되었다. 일반적으로 PLS와 PCR 모델들 사이에 분석적 수행에서의 심각한 차이가 없었다. $Cu^{2+}$, $Ni^{2+}$ and $Zn^{2+}$ 의 세 성분들을 사용한 예측의 제곱근 평균 제곱 오차(RMSEP)들은 각각 0.018, 0.010, 0.011 ppm이었다. 또한 감도, 분석감도, 검출한계(LOD)와 같은 가치들의 측면들이 평가되었다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 과정이 화합물 혼합용액과 수돗물 속의 $Cu^{2+}$, $Ni^{2+}$ and $Zn^{2+}$의 동시 검출에 적용되었을 때에 높은 신뢰도가 성취되었다. Multivariate models were developed for the simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of copper (II), nickel (II) and zinc (II) in water with 1-(2-thiazolylazo)-2-naphthol as chromogenic reagent in the presence of Triton X-100. To overcome the drawback of spectral interferences, principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square (PLS) multivariate calibration approaches were applied. Performances were validated with several test sets, and their results were then compared. In general, no significant difference in analytical performance between PLS and PCR models. The root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) using three components for $Cu^{2+}$, $Ni^{2+}$ and $Zn^{2+}$ were 0.018, 0.010, 0.011 ppm, respectively. Figures of merit such as sensitivity, analytical sensitivity, limit of detection (LOD) were also estimated. High reliability was achieved when the proposed procedure was applied to simultaneous determination of $Cu^{2+}$, $Ni^{2+}$ and $Zn^{2+}$ in synthetic mixture and tap water.

The Influence of Urban Physical Environment on Mental Health : A Theoretical Framework

Marlyana Azyyati Marzukhi,Nur Masyitah Ghazali,Oliver Ling Hoon Leh,Siti Mazwin Kamaruddin,Puziah Ahmad,Alamah Misni,Mimi Zaleha Abdul Ghani 한국생태환경건축학회 2019 한국생태환경건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.19 No.2

This paper examines the influence of the urban physical environment on mental health. A scoping review of reviews and a search of keywords from the international literature from 1985 to 2019 is conducted. The information from 45 articles in the relevant database is synthesized. The relationship is developed in the form of a theoretical framework for the local context. It is anticipated that this research will improve the environmental planning quality towards a healthier urban environment for the public. Further, the framework can be beneficial to the urban planning decision-makers to plan healthier and more sustainable Malaysian cities.