Lack of Protective Effect of D-003, a Mixture of High-Molecular-Weight Primary Acids from Sugar Cane Wax, on Liver Damage Induced by Galactosamine in Rats

Miriam Noa,Sarah Mendoza,Rosa Mas,Nilda Mendoza 한국식품영양과학회 2005 Journal of medicinal food Vol.8 No.3

D-003 is a mixture of very-high-molecular-weight aliphatic primary acids purified from sugar cane wax, whereinoctacosanoic acid is the most abundant. Experimental and clinical studies have shown that D-003 lowers cholesterol and pre-vents plasma lipoprotein peroxidation (LP). D-003 has protected against the histological changes characteristic of CCl4- andparacetamol-induced hepatic injury in rats, in which LP plays a pivotal role for explaining the resulting hepatotoxicity. Galac-tosamine induces hepatotoxicity associated with depressed RNA and protein synthesis, not with LP. The aim of this studywas to evaluate whether D-003 could prevent hepatoxicity induced by mechanisms others than increased LP. We investigatedthe effects on galactosamine hepatotoxicity in rats distributed into five groups: a negative control group, a positive controlgroup, and three groups treated with galactosamine and D-003 (5, 25, and 100 mg/kg). To induce liver damage, galactosamine(800 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 30 minutes after dosing with vehicle or D-003. Twenty-four hours later, rats weresacrificed, and livers were immediately removed for histopathological studies. Livers from positive controls showed the char-acteristic pattern of galactosamine-induced damage. Galactosamine significantly reduced the percentage of normal hepato-cytes, increasing both necrotic or lipid-rich hepatocytes compared with negative controls. D-003, however, did not increasethe percentage of normal hepatocytes compared with positive controls, indicating that treatment was not effective for pre-venting the hepatic injury induced with galactosamine. Likewise, D-003 failed to change the content of necrotic and lipid-rich hepatocytes relative to positive controls. It is concluded that D-003 did not protect against the histological changes ofgalactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity.

Recoupment Patent

( Miriam Marcowitz-Bitton ) 고려대학교 법학연구원 2018 The Asian Business Lawyer Vol.22 No.-

The patent system aims to encourage innovation while keeping its own administrative costs to a minimum. Considering the centrality of innovation to 21^st century economic activity, patent law is widely viewed as a crucial element of our legal system. And yet by any standard our patent system is broken. At present it encourages the filing of a plethora of low-quality patents that have no true innovative value, is plagued by opportunistic patent trolls, and produces endless amounts of costly litigation. This article demonstrates how these phenomena are due to central design flaws in the current system. First, although the patent system is designed to encourage investment in innovation, it lacks a mechanism for directly examining an inventor’s level of investment. This major flaw systematically ignores the single most important factor the patent system seeks to promote. Second, the current system offers one-sizefits- all protection, granting the same 20-year monopoly to any and all inventions. This inflexible legal standard is outdated and inappropriate, given the wide variety of inventions it addresses and the immense differences between them. The core of this article proposes structural reform designed to remedy these fundamental flaws. First, we suggest that the patent system must explicitly consider the investment made in each specific invention when deciding what level of legal protection each invention merits. Second, we advocate departure from the current onesize- fits-all model in favor of a more tailored approach, offering different periods of protection for different inventions. These two elements would produce a system in which inventions are granted protection for a duration that depends on the level of investment each invention requires. We call this model a “recoupment patent” and highlight its advantages over the current system. Under the new model, filing for patent protection will require documentation of investment in the invention, which will serve as the basis for determining duration of protection. Protection will expire once the investment is recouped and a fixed percentage of profit is earned. Filing and renewal fees will also be calculated based on documented investment. Additionally, investment will serve as a basis for calculating royalties (or damages in subsequent litigation). In either case, the patentee bears the burden of demonstrating the level of investment in the invention. This regime is more accurately tailored to incentivize innovation while avoiding the excessive protection that results from the current one-size-fits-all system. This new regime also incorporates mechanisms to prevent inventors from misstating their investment. Throughout the paper, we address the challenges created by our proposal and highlight its advantages over the existing system and over other reform proposals. We also discuss extensions and possible refinements to the basic conception outlined above.

Affinity chromatography and capillary electrophoresis for analysis of the yeast ribosomal proteins

( Miriam S. Goyder ),( Keith R. Willison ),( David R. Klug ),( Andrew J. Demello ),( Oscar Ces ) 생화학분자생물학회 (구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2012 BMB Reports Vol.45 No.4

We present a top down separation platform for yeast ribosomal proteins using affinity chromatography and capillary electrophoresis which is designed to allow deposition of proteins onto a substrate. FLAG tagged ribosomes were affinity purified, and rRNA acid precipitation was performed on the ribosomes followed by capillary electrophoresis to separate the ribosomal proteins. Over 26 peaks were detected with excellent reproducibility ( 0.5% RSD migration time). This is the first reported separation of eukaryotic ribosomal proteins using capillary electrophoresis. The two stages in this workflow, affinity chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, share the advantages that they are fast, flexible and have small sample requirements in comparison to more commonly used techniques. This method is a remarkably quick route from cell to separation that has the potential to be coupled to high throughput readout platforms for studies of the ribosomal proteome. [BMB reports 2012; 45(4): 233-238]

The Linguistics and Poetics of Russian Proverbs

Miriam Shrager 한국슬라브어학회 2011 슬라브어연구 Vol.16 No.1

The analysis above shows that Russian proverbs include vivid poetic elements, which promote the utterance to fulfill the poetic function in a speech act, and thus they can be classified as a subcategory of poetics. However, the poetic elements in proverbs are always strongly interrelated with other functions, the referential and the conative. These two latter functions are usually both present in proverbs, but have different hierarchical rankings, depending on the semantics and the aim of the whole proverbial utterance. The interrelation of the three functions -- the poetic, the referential, and the conative -- are essential to the formation and the characterization of Russian proverbs.

The New Era of Viewing the World War Ⅱ in the Czech Republic - Skvorecky’s “The Cowards” -

Miriam Lowensteinova 아시아중동부유럽학회 2007 동유럽발칸학 Vol.9 No.1

The first part of this essay tries to show the reality in the Czech society and the literature after World War II in the Czechoslovak Republic. Special attention is given to the trends in the depicting of World War II after the Communist takeover in 1948 and main aims and goals of the Czech literature of 1950s. The phenomena of ideology and the Communist Party censorship approach towards the history are also mentioned. The second and the main part of the article deals with the kvoreck’s novel “The Cowards” that was real shock in the Czech literary scene in the late 1950s. It was thus confiscated and served as an example of the decadency; a pretext for keeping publication of the following years under control. The novel is observed mainly from the historical point of view as it contains very new portrayals of Germans and Russians, the so-called “revolution” in a small town and its protagonists, young and middle age generations. Then the questions of ideology, human failures and cowardice are also discussed. The final part concerns the clash of generations as the novel has been often interpreted in that way. However, we evaluate it above all as an iconoclastic treatment of the war theme and the drawbacks of the Czech character. The third part of the essay intends to answer the question should the today’s reader understand kvoreck’s novel or, it is really only an old-fashioned trace of the dissident literature? “체코공화국에서의 제 2차 세계대전”에 대한 새로운 시각-슈끄보레쯔끼(kvoreck)의 “겁쟁이들”-

플랫폼 노동자에 대한 법적 보호 : 미국 캘리포니아주 AB 5법

Miriam A. Cherry 한국노동연구원 2020 국제노동브리프 Vol.18 No.5

Grice in Translation: The Case of Hrabal

Miriam Margala 세종대학교 언어연구소 2009 Journal of Universal Language Vol.10 No.2

This paper analyzes Gricean conversational principles and their relevance to translation. The central claim is that the Gricean framework illuminates some of the most frustrating challenges in literary translation, and is especially useful with regard to translating finely nuanced constructions and semantically richly layered and complex expressions that constitute essential elements of the narrative. Specific examples of English translations of literary works of Bohumil Hrabal, a Czech author known for his highly idiosyncratic style and innovative expressive methods, are analyzed in accordance with Gricean principles. Recognition of implicatures in the text is shown to be absolutely essential for an effective translation. The detailed examination undertaken in the paper highlights both the great challenge to translators presented by the underlying complexity and semantic richness of Hrabal’s writing, and the possibility of gleaning more of the nuances of the author’s intention through understanding, in light of Grice’s communicative principles, how he achieves his ends. A comparison of translations also demonstrates that failing to recognize and identify implicatures in the original may lead to ineffective, one-dimensional translations that lack the richness and expressiveness of the source text.

미국 프랜차이즈 산업의 노동 및 고용 현안

Miriam A. Cherry 한국노동연구원 2018 국제노동브리프 Vol.16 No.10

The Philippine State and Civil Society Discourse and Praxis

Miriam Coronel Ferrer 한국학술연구원 2004 Korea Observer Vol.35 No.3

Cerebrovascular Function in Migraine Patients during, their Interictal Period, Compared to Normal Healthy Controls

Miriam Louise Conway,Irene Ctori 대한신경초음파학회 2022 Journal of neurosonology and neuroimaging Vol.14 No.2

Background: Migraine is a debilitating neurovascular disorder which primarily impacts the working age population. The aim of the study was to determine if transient hemodynamic alterations during each migraine attack translates into cerebrovascular alterations, during migraineurs interictal period. A secondary hypothesis was to determine if there was any relationship between vascular hemodynamics and either the severity or frequency of migraine attacks. Methods: We recruited 29 volunteers: 13 migraineurs (mean age 28±8.8 years; 12 female and 1 male) and 16 age-matched controls (mean age 26.6±6.9; 9 female and 7 male). Volunteers were classified as migraine sufferer or not (control group). All individuals underwent a detailed ophthalmic examination by a qualified optometrist and a Migraine Disability Assessment. Cerebral blood velocity measurements for the Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) and Vertebral Artery (VA) were obtained using Colour Doppler Imaging using the Hitachi Aloka Noblus ultrasound system. The investigators were blind to the migraine diagnosis. Results: During their interictal period migraineurs appear to have no significant difference in any hemodynamic parameter, for either their MCA and VA, when compared to normal healthy controls. Neither was a significant relationship between Migraine Disability Assessment Scores and any vascular parameter reported. Conclusion: This study found nil cerebrovascular alterations which could be measured in migraineurs compared to normal healthy controls, during their interictal period.