음주와 흡연, 육류섭취, 운동의 관계

이미옥(Miok Lee),이광옥(Kwang Ok Lee),정명지(Myoungjee Jung) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2018 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.23 No.6

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between drinking, smoking, meat intake, and exercise. The participants were 1,060 males and females who voluntarily responded to the survey by visiting the health promotion booth at the H Festival held in C city in 2014. Research data were collected in interview form using questionnaires on alcohol use, smoking, exercise, and meat intake. The data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, cross tabulation analysis, multinominal logistic regression after stratification of gender using the SPSS 24 program. The results of the study are as follows: Smokers had a significantly higher frequency of drinking (x²=163.33, p<.001) than non-smokers. Meat intake was high when alcohol use was high (x²=35.13, p<.001). The risk rates for smoking, meat consumption, and exercise related to alcohol use are as follows. The smoking was higher as the frequency of drinking increased. For men, smoking OR(odd ratio) was 6.26 (p=.001) and for women, smoking risk OR was 16.82 (p=.002). Meats intake showed a higher OR as the alcohol use increased. The OR of almost daily ingestion of meat at frequent drinking days was 4.40 (p=.002) for males and 4.52(p=.009) for females. As the frequency of drinking increased, the OR of days of exercise tended to decrease. In men, the OR was 0.36 (p=.003), the lowest in the probability of exercising more than 5 days when drinking high. In the case of women drinking less than once a week, the OR was 0.43 (p=.027), which was the lowest for exercise for 5 days or more. In conclusion, the higher the frequency of drinking, the higher the smoking and meat intake, and the less exercise. If drinking, smoking, and meat intake are high but there is a lack of exercise, a chronic disease can occur and cause premature death unless there is a change in the new health behavior. The results of this study suggest researches to understand the motives related to alcohol abstinence, smoking cessation, dietary control and exercise, and to develop programs.

도시경관 향상을 위한 경관색채 평가항목의 상대적 중요도 연구

이미옥(Miok Lee),최주영(Joo-Young Choi),이임정(Lim-Jung Lee) 한국도시부동산학회(구.도시정책학회) 2023 도시부동산연구 Vol.14 No.2

어린이집에서 연령 간 교류 버디프로그램 운영을 위한 협력적 실행연구과정과 영유아의 경험

이미옥 ( Lee Miok ),성소영 ( Sung So-young ) 한국유아교육학회 2023 유아교육연구 Vol.43 No.3

본 연구는 협력적 실행연구로서 영유아의 사회성 증진을 목적으로 연령 간 교류 버디프로그램을 실행하고 문제점을 개선해 나가는 과정에서 나타난 영유아의 경험을 살펴보는 데 목적이 있다. 본 연구에는 경기도 S시의 H어린이집 만 1세부터 5세까지의 영유아 81명과 협력교사 8명이 참여였다. 참여 관찰, 면담, 협력교사 및 연구자 저널을 분석하여 결과를 도출하였다. 연구결과는 첫째, 1차 실행 중 영유아들은 버디에 대해서 알아가는 과정에서 초기에는 기대와는 다른 서로의 반응이 스트레스가 되기도 했지만, 친해지는 법을 하나씩 터득해 갔다. 마음을 열면서 버디의 새로운 모습을 발견하게 되었다. 2차 실행에서 유아들이 버디와 활동을 결정하기도 하며, 서로 다름을 알고 배려하고, 서로 믿고 더 의지하며, 도움을 주고받는 법도 배워나갔다. 3차 실행과정에서는 버디의 즐거움이 나의 즐거움이 되고, 상대 입장에서 배려하는 법을 배우고, 우연히 만나도 버디를 챙기며, 나이를 떠나 서로에게 배울 점이 있다는 것도 알아가고, 타인을 돕는 즐거움과 협동으로 자존감도 높아졌다. 본 연구는 유아교육 현장에서 연령 간 교류를 위한 버디프로그램을 활성화하는 데 기여할 수 있을 것이다. As a collaborative action research, this study aims to examine the experience of young children in the process of implementing a cross-aged transaction buddy program to promote the socialization of young children. Eighty-one young children aged 1 to 5 and eight cooperating teachers from H childcare center in S City, Gyeonggi-do, participated in this study. The results were obtained through participatory observation, interviews, and analysis of cooperating teachers' and researchers' journals. The results are as follows. In the first action, the young children became acquainted with their buddies and learned to get along with each other, even if their reactions were initially stressful. As they opened up, the children discovered new aspects of the buddy. In the second action, the children made decisions about activities with their buddies, and learned to recognize differences, trust on each other, and offer and receive help. In the third action, the children learned that their buddy's pleasure can become their own pleasure, and they learned to consider the other person's point of view, taking care of their buddy. They realized that they could learn from each other regardless of age, and their self-esteem increased through the pleasure of helping others and cooperation. This study is expected to contribute to the promotion of buddy programs for cross-age transaction in early childhood education.

비폭력의사소통 프로그램이 간호사의 의사소통능력, 대인관계 및 분노에 미치는 효과

이미옥(Miok Lee),이상복(Sang-Bok Lee) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2016 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.21 No.10

This study investigated the effects of nonviolent communication(NVC) program consisted of communication competency, relationship and anger in 48 nurses. Data were collected by Choe(2004)‘s Communication Competency Scale, Ju(2005)"s Relationship Scale and anger of Visual Analogue Scale. Statistic analysis consisted of average, standard deviation, minimum and maximum, paired t-test using SPSS 21 program were done. After NVC program, nurses"s communication competency(p=.000) and relation (p=.000) were improved. Nurse"s anger was lowered(p=.000). The results will provide the basic data to develop the Mini-NVC programs for various work fields as like ER, ICU nurses and will provide the evidences for safe and non-violent work environment and more related studies.

인지공학적 시각정보시스템 연구

이미옥(Lee Miok) 한국옥외광고학회 2007 OOH광고학연구 Vol.4 No.2

인간과 환경적 관계에서의 도시환경은 인간의 지각 및 형태를 유발하는 복잡한 시스템으로 파악할 수 있고, 인간의 환경인식은 실체화된 물질 구조이상의 의미로서 받아들여진다. 따라서 환경적 정보 조절적 관점에서의 도시환경은 그 질적인 향상이 더욱 필연적으로 요구된다고 하겠다. 교통사인 시스템은 시간과 공간안에서 자극-반응 관계에서 볼 때 운전자와 그 대상인 교통사인과의 관계로 교통체계에 대한 적절한 반응효과를 유도하여 고유의 기능을 수행하는 체계적인 시스템이라 할 수 있다. 이는 본래의 예시(Orientation)의 기능과 더불어 인간의 도시생활을 영위하는데 있어 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있다고 볼 수 있다. A comprehensive program which covers the traffic sign systems that can convey street informations properly and traffic which also can make contributions to the qualitative improvement of traffic improvement has been searched for in this study within the scope or range of street signs through following processes: In consecution with traffic signs, street, environment and image were analyzed on the basis of the so-called theory of human visual cognition and responsive structure. Upon the basis of the extracted design standard, problem of the current traffic sign designing. Form the contents analyzed, a target design was extracted. A trial application of the extracted design was made onto the recated environment, and cipated effects were looked into. The urbon environment in a relationship beet ween man and his surrounding can be grasped as a complicated system that causes parts of the human perceptual process and behavior pattern, it is sure to be esteemed something more meaningful than merely substantiated material sruucture. The traffic sign system, when viewed from a perspective environment impact and response interrelationship within time and space, lies in a relationship between a driver and a traffic sign as an object, and can be thought of further as a formulated system than plays its peculiar role by inducing him to respond to it appropriately. And this function of it can be easily shown as playing an important role in man's managing his public or private urban life together with its primary function of orientation.

국제공항의 사인 커뮤니케이션 연구

이미옥(Lee Miok) 한국옥외광고학회 2008 OOH광고학연구 Vol.5 No.1

사람들이 출국을 하거나 입국을 할 때 꼭 만나야 하는 것이 있다면 그것은 공항의 공공사인 시스템이다. 외국인들의 입장에서 볼 때 공공사인 시스템은 우리나라에 방문한 그들이 만나는 첫 번째 안내자인 샘이다. 그런 공공사인 시스템이 기능적인 측면뿐만 아니라 이용객에게 편리하고 쾌적한 시설물이 되어야 함은 누구나 인지하고 있는 사실이다. 하지만 현재 국내 국제공항인 인천 · 김해 · 제주국제공항은 가장 최근에 개항한 인천국제공항을 제외하고는 사인 시스템을 무시하고 오래전에 설치된 사인을 지금까지 사용하면서, 필요에 따라 사인 시스템은 생각하지 않고 사인을 반복적으로 추가 · 수정 해온 것이 국내 국제공항의 장애요소로 나타나고 있다는 것을 본 연구를 진행하면서 알 수 있었다. 국내 국채공항의 사인은 관광객이 우리나라에 방문했을 때 맨 처음 접하는 한국의 얼굴로서 체계적인 공간구성을 이루어야 만 한다. 비교 · 분석한 내용을 토대로 낸 해결방안으로는 (1) 사인을 개선시키고 수정 할 것이나 변경할 것이 생길 때마다 신속하게 대처 할 수 있는 부서를 만들 것, (2) 사인의 배치계획을 다시 해 정확한 위치에 사인을 배치 할 것, (3) 식별성과 가독성을 고려해 사인 전용서체를 만들 것, (4) 픽토그램과 문자 쌍방이 서로 보완되도록 사용할 것, (5) 사인의 색채는 일관성 있게 사용하고 사인에 다양한 색채를 사용하지 말 것 등이다. 앞으로 본 연구내용과 관련하여 인천 · 김해 · 제주 국제공항의 공공 사인 시스템이 국내관광객 및 국외 관광객에게 그 역할을 다 할 수 있도록 보다 체계적인 연구와 정책지원이 이루어져하겠다. Lately, with the Inchon International Airport opened, the aviation industry of Korea has recorded an astonishing growth within a relatively short period of time. Nominally and virtually, Korea may well be called one of the aviation powers. In terms of air transportation performances only, Korea has already been ranked top 10 in the world, which may prove a remarkable quantitative growth of her aviation industry. In fact, however, few basic studies have been conducted on the qualitative aspects of the aviation industry in Korea. Since the airport passenger terminal is characterized by a complex with a variety of facilities, it is much difficult to set some design criteria for it. Anyway, despite such criteria must be very important, no systematic criteria have been documented, confusing airport plans and designs. Growth from the 1970s, and even the tourist-utilizing facilities such as a hotel, rose to the considerable level, but there are many problems such as climatic limitation of traveling season, the partiality to Japanese market, short-term characteristic of the staying days, and lack of tourism symbol, and insufficiency in tourism service. Accordingly, as the tourism industry is being developed, this study tried to seek for one method, by proposing the corresponding problems and finding improvement points, through examining the public sign system and finding its problems centering on airports for international line such as national airports of Incheon, Gimhae, and Jeju where domestic and foreign tourists surely need to pass. In terms of the theoretical background, it inquired into a concept of sign, the classification and function of sign, the perceptive principle of sign, and sign of visual communication.

대학생의 사회적 지지에 대한 인식과 심리적 자본 및 진로준비행동의 관계: 취업교육과 기업경영에 필요한 인재선발을 위한 시사점

이미옥 ( Lee Miok ),유성용 ( Sung-yong Ryu ) 한국유통경영학회(구 한국유통정보학회) 2018 유통경영학회지 Vol.21 No.3

본 연구는 대학생의 진로준비에 영향을 미치는 요소를 구성주의 진로발달이론과 사회인지 진로이론에 근거하여 환경적 측면과 개인적 측면에서 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 환경적 변인으로 사회적 지지와 개인적 변인으로 심리적 자본을 선정하였으며, 사회적 지지와 심리적 자본이 진로준비행동에 어떠한 영향관계를 갖는지 검증하고자 하였다. 실증분석을 위해 수도권 소재 대학생을 대상으로 직접 설문조사와 온라인 조사를 실시하였으며, 수집된 설문지 중 불성실한 응답 및 결측값이 있는 응답을 제외한 최종 329부를 분석에 사용하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 가설검증을 위해 AMOS 프로그램을 이용한 구조방정식모형분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 사회적지지 하위차원 중 정보적 지지는 자기효능감, 희망, 낙천주의, 회복탄력성의 심리적 자본 하위차원에 모두 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나, 정서적 지지는 자기효능감에만 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 심리적 자본과 진로준비행동 간의 관계에서 자기효능감은 정보수집행동, 도구준비활동, 목표달성활동에 모두 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 회복탄력성 또한 정보수집활동, 도구준비활동, 목표달성활동에 모두 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 희망은 정보수집활동과 도구준비활동에만 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 낙천주의는 도구준비활동에만 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 사회적 지지와 진로준비행동 간의 관계에서는 정보적 지지만 정보수집활동과 도구준비활동에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 간접효과 분석을 통해 사회적지지 세 요인이 모두 진로준비행동에 간접적인 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 검증결과를 바탕으로 사회적지지 요인 중 정보적 지지의 중요성과 심리적 자본 요인 중 자기효능감 및 회복탄력성의 중요성을 확인할 수 있었으며, 어려운 취업환경과 진로준비에 어려움을 겪고 있는 대학생들의 적극적인 진로준비행동을 이끌어낼 수 있고 기업경영에 필요한 인재선발을 위한 환경적 요인과 개인적 요인의 강화 방안에 대한 시사점을 제시하였다. This research had intended to take a look at the elements that have the influences on the career path preparations of the university students from the environmental aspect and from the personal aspect by basing on the constructivist career development theory and the social cognitive career theory. For this, as the environmental variable, the social support was selected. And, as the personal variable, the psychological capital was selected. And it had been intended to verify what influential relationship the social support and the psychological capital had on the career preparation behavior. For the empirical analysis, the direct questionnaire survey investigation and the online investigation had been carried out with the university students located in the capital city area. And, among the survey questionnaires that had been collected, the final 329 copies, excluding the unreliable responses and the responses with the missing values, were used for the analysis. For the hypothetical verification that was presented in this research, the structure equation model analysis using the AMOS program was carried out. As a result of the analysis, it appeared that, among the low-ranking dimensions of the social support, the informational support had the positive influences on all, including the feeling of self-efficacy, the hope, the optimism, and the low-ranking dimensions of the psychological capital of the recovery elasticity. It appeared, however, that the emotional support had the positive influence on the feeling of self-efficacy only. It appeared that, in the relationship between the psychological capital and the career preparation behavior, the feeling of self-efficacy had the positive influences on all, including the information collection behavior, the tool preparation activity, and the goal achievement activity. And it appeared that the recovery elasticity, also, had the positive influences on all, including the information collection activity, the tool preparation activity, and the goal achievement activity. It appeared, however, that hope has the positive influences on the information collection activity and the tool preparation activity only. And it appeared that optimism has the positive influence on the tool preparation activity only. It appeared that, in the relationship between the social support and the career preparation behavior, only the informational support had the direct influences on the information collection activity and the tool preparation activity. And, through an indirect effect analysis, it was confirmed that all of the three factors of the social support had the indirect influences on the career preparation behavior. Based on such verification results, it was able to confirm the importance of the informational support among the factors of the social support and the importance of the feeling of self-efficacy and the resiliency among the factors of the psychological capital. And the implications were presented regarding the plans for strengthening the environmental factors and the personal factors that can draw the aggressive career preparation behaviors of the university students who have been experiencing the difficulties with regard to the difficult employment environment and the career preparations.

지역적특성에 따른 옥외광고간판의 시각적 표현연구

이미옥(Lee, Miok) 인제대학교 디자인연구소 2010 Journal of Integrated Design Research (JIDR) Vol.9 No.2

80년대 후반부터 중국사회에서 돌풍을 일으켰던 한중수교에 따른 ‘코리안 드림’으로 중국동포들의 한국입국이 자유로워지면서 한국 내 안산원곡동, 구로가리봉동, 금천구, 영등포지역에 동포타운을 형성하여 집단거주를 하고 있다. 거주자의 증가로 중국 음식과 문화, 상점이 들어서면서 在韓중국동포 상권형성지역이 확산 추세를 보이고 있다. 이 지역 옥외광고간판의 경우, 건물 벽의 구조나 색채에 무관하게 크기, 색채, 형상이 서로 다른 여러 개의 가로형 간판이 밀집되어 있어 시각적통일감과 안정감이 결여되어 있고 지나치게 화려한 원색을 사용하여 도시미관은 고려하지 않은채 광고주의 경쟁적 의도의 결과만이 산재해 있어 디자인서울거리사업의 일환으로 진행된 간판 정비 사업을 무색하게 하는 지역이 되고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 이 지역 옥외광고간판에 대하여 시각적 표현의 기본요소인 형태, 색채, 문자 등의 요소를 기준으로 사례연구를 하였다. 연구를 통하여 정보 소외 계층으로 분리될 수 있는 이 지역의 이용자들도 평등하게 정비된 옥외광고간판을 통하여 시각적 격차의 문제 해결로 공공장소의 이용을 활성화 시켜 在韓중국동포에게 여러 가지 가능성을 제시해 줄 수 있을 것이며 다음과 같은 결론을 내릴 수 있었다. 첫째, 지역의 특성에 따른 옥외광고간판의 표시방법을 제한, 완화를 통해 무조건 광고물에 대한 시각적 제한을 하기보다는 업종, 상점의 개성을 살리는 디자인 중심 옥외광고간판 설치를 유도한다. 둘째, 취약한 경제기반의 이민자들이 한 공간에 집단적으로 거주할 경우 언어, 경제, 문화적으로 主流사회와 격리된 게토(ghetto)化를 야기하는 배경이 우려되므로 현실적이고 구체적인 법률의 제정과 그 지역에 맞는 조례 제정이 필요하다. 셋째, 광고물의 대상인 소비자에 따라 형태, 내용(문자), 크기, 레이아웃, 색채, 일러스트레이션 등이 고려된 옥외광고간판이 요구된다는 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. Since the late ’80s-China diplomatic relations in Chinese society due to the blast had caused ’Corian Dream of the Chinese compatriots in South Korea Ansan, South Korea wongokdong As free entry, Guro garibongdong, Gasan, Yeongdeungpo-gu area to form a group of Koreans living in towns and can. Residents of the increase in Chinese food and culture, shops, Entering the Chinese national trend for the spread of regional trade area is formed. This area of the most skilled domestic national and immigrant workers for jobs, simply entered the national workforce of over 90% share of food and household goods such as vegetables, meat, and sells primarily small grocery shops and grocery stores in China they are situated. If the area of outdoor advertising signs, building wall structure or color, regardless of the size, color, shape several different horizontal visual signs are concentrated there is a lack of unity and stability, and beauty too brilliant primary colors of the city did not consider the results only from the advertiser’s competitive intentions are scattered throughout the streets of Seoul Design projects conducted as part of the sign maintenance business that has overshadowed the region and could be confirmed. In this study, the area of outdoor advertising signs for the primary factor in the visual representation of shape, color, characters and elements are based on case studies. Through research, information can be separated from disadvantaged users in the region equally well-maintained outdoor advertising billboards throughout the visual gap to resolve the problem by enabling the use of public places, Chinese compatriots to give you many possibilities will be able to make the following conclusions could be. First, according to regional characteristics, limit the display of outdoor advertising billboards, advertisements blindly through mitigation rather than limit the visual sector, the store’s unique outdoor advertising signage installation center saving design is derived. Second, the weak economy on a space-based collective of immigrants live in the language. Economy. culturally isolated community and the ghetto (ghetto) 化 is causing real concern behind the enactment of specific legal and appropriate for the region and the ordinance is needed. Third, the subject of advertising by consumer type structure, content (text), size, layout, color, illustration and requires considered outdoor advertising signs to the conclusion that could be obtained.

Exercise Adherence Model of Middle-Aged based on Theory of Self-determination

Miok Lee(이미옥) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2018 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.23 No.10

The purpose of this study was to construct and validate a middle - aged exercise adherence model. The model was designed based on self - determination theory. Participants were 215 middle-aged men and women aged 40-60 who had been exercising for more than six months. Data was collected from four big cities of Seoul, Busan, Gwangju and Daejeon in Korea, using a questionnaire consisting of basic psychological needs, intrinsic motivation, social support, and exercise adherence. Data were analyzed with SPSS 19.0 and AMOS 20.0. Social support and exercise adherence of the questionnaire were partially revised and verified by confirmatory factor analysis. The results of the study were as follows. The model`s fit indices: GFI = .938, AGFI) = .915, NFI = .912, CFI = .941, and RMSEA = 0.041. The model satisfied the model fit of the structural model equation. This study model based on self - determination theory was confirmed that basic psychological needs, intrinsic motivation, and social support were important factors for the middle - aged`s exercise adherence. Basic psychological need and intrinsic motivation had a direct influence on the adherence of exercise, and social support indirectly influenced the exercise adherence through intrinsic motivation. Both basic psychological needs and social support directly affected internal motivation. The most influential factor in the middle - aged`s exercise adherence was intrinsic motivation. In conclusion, it was found that intrinsic motivation such as interest and fun is important for the middle - aged to continue the exercise. Also, the basic psychological needs were important for middle aged`s exercise adherence. The results of this study will provide basic data for restoring or maintaining health by continuing exercise. Strategies that enhance intrinsic motivation are needed when a chronic ill person needs to continue long-term exercising.

온라인 상담에 대한 상담자들의 경험과 인식 조사

한수미(Sumi Han),이상일(Sangil Lee),이경란(Kyungran Lee),이미옥(Miok Lee),이혜일(Hyeil Lee),김환(Hwan Kim) 한국산학기술학회 2021 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.22 No.11

본 연구의 목적은 상담자들의 온라인 상담 경험과 인식을 조사하고 미래 발전에 대한 제언을 도출하는 것이다. 상담자 93명을 대상으로 온라인 상담에 대한 설문을 실시했다. 설문의 내용은 ‘온라인 상담 경험 및 미래 전망’, ‘진행 및 구조화’, ‘비용’, ‘상담자 교육’과 관련된 영역으로 구성하였다. 조사 결과는 다음과 같다. 상담자들은 온라인 상담에 대해 대체로 긍정적인 인식을 가지고 있었다. 공공 플랫폼과 상업용 플랫폼을 중심으로 온라인 상담에 대한 참여가 이루어지고 있었다. 상담자들은 온라인 상담의 구조화된 진행이 중요하고, 사전계약, 동의서 작성 등이 상담에 도움이 된다고 응답했다. 다음으로, 온라인 상담은 10회기 미만으로 짧게 진행되어야 한다는 의견이 많았다. 그리고 온라인 상담이 내담자들의 요구와 인식의 부족으로 인해 대면 상담 보다 짧게 진행된다는 결과는 극복해야할 과제이다. 그리고 온라인 상담의 적절 비용과 교육에 대한 인식을 조사하였다. 마지막으로 온라인 상담 매뉴얼 개발, 윤리규정 확립, 대면 상담과의 연계, 온라인 상담 교육 및 훈련 강화라는 미래 발전을 위한 제언을 도출할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과가 온라인 상담의 발전을 위한 기초 자료로 활용될 것으로 기대한다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the online counseling experiences and perceptions of field counselors and derive suggestions for future development. A survey was conducted on online counseling among 93 counselors. The contents of the questionnaire consisted of areas related to "online counseling experience and future prospects", "process and structure", "cost" and "counselor"s education". Counselors had a positive perception of online counseling. Participation in online counseling was conducted mainly on public and commercial platforms. Counselors responded that the structured process of online counseling was important, and prior contracts and written consent were helpful for counseling. There were many opinions that the online consultation should be conducted briefly in less than 10 sessions. They also responded that online counseling was shorter than face-to-face counseling due to the lack of awareness and needs of clients, which was a challenge to be overcome. We investigated the appropriate cost of online counseling and perception of education. Finally, suggestions for future development, such as the development of an online counseling manual, the establishment of ethical regulations, face-to-face counseling and reinforcement of online counseling education, were summarized. The results of this study will be used as basic data for the development of online counseling.