시베리아 샤머니즘인가, 아니면 엘리아데의 샤머니즘인가?

양민종 ( Yang¸ Min-jong ) 배재대학교 한국-시베리아센터 2007 한국시베리아연구 Vol.11 No.1

이 글의 목적은 엘리아데 샤머니즘이론이 시베리아샤머니즘 문화구조 해명에 부적절함을 지적하고, 대안적인 연구방법론을 제기하는 것이다. 우선, 서구연구자들 사이에서 전개되어온 샤머니즘개념에 대한 혼란스러운 이해의 양상들을 살펴본 뒤, 엘리아데 샤머니즘이론이 일종의 종교발생론과 관련된 구조주의적인 담론임을 설명하였다. 엘리아데의 샤머니즘이론 발표 이후 샤머니즘의 일반적인 개념이 이전보다 오히려 더 모호해지고, 시베리아샤머니즘연구가 범세계적인 샤머니즘 연구의 일부분화 된 원인으로 엘리아데 샤머니즘이론의 연구대상이 시베리아샤머니즘세계의 전반적인 문화가 아닌 ‘샤먼’과 인간의 ‘영적인 기술’의 발현양상에 국한되었기 때문으로 설명하였다. 기존 시베리아 샤머니즘연구와 엘리아데 샤머니즘의 연구대상이 ‘샤머니즘’이라는 용어만 동일할 뿐, 실제로는 서로 다른 영역을 연구대상으로 하고 있는 별개의 이론임을 구체적으로 지적한 것은 이 글의 독창성이라고 할 수 있다. 엘리아데 이론이 시베리아샤머니즘과 시베리아-동아시아 문화를 왜곡시킨 문제점을 갖고 있음에도 불구하고 엘리아데가 샤머니즘연구에 기여한 바를 구체적으로 설명하였고, 바람직한 샤머니즘세계의 문화연구를 위해 서사시와 신화를 비롯한 구비문학텍스트연구의 필요성을 대안으로 제시하였다. In this paper the author is trying to point out that 'the Eliade's well known theory on the Siberian Shamanism' does not actually reflect the essence of the siberian cultures and the siberian shamanisms. And the Eliade's Shamanism theory has little to do with any contribution to encourage to study the local cultures of the Siberia, because it implies that the Shamanism is not the typical culture of the Siberia but ‘an archaic form of the human spiritual techniques’. The author comments that Eliade's shamanism is not the theory that explains the nature of the Siberian Shamanism itself but a theory that explains an origin of human religious systems and spiritual techniques. Firstly, because the theory is not a structure of the siberian shamanisms but an attempt to extract an element of the siberian shamanisms. Secondly, it became the concept of the religious approach without the consideration of the cultural context of the Siberia. According to the author, after the publication of the Elide's Shamanism, 1951 in Paris, many of the western scholars in this field came to admit that the Shamanism is a human common religious heritage which happened to be found by westerners in the Siberia first but can be found in anyplace-else on the surface of the Earth. That is so-called 'the world-wide phenomenon of the Shamanism'. In this paper the author shows that the Eliade's shamanism is not the very study of the siberian culture and we need to discard the way of Eliade for the further cultural studies in the Siberian area. The possible way of studying the essence and history of the Siberian Shamanism would be the study of the historical facts of Sang Dynasty and the Ancient Korean Kingdoms. The study of Siberian and Eastern Asian Mythology would help to reconstruct the nature of the Siberian Shamanism and the societies of the ancient Eastern Asia.

Successful Carapace Puncture Wound Repair with Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) in an Amur Softshell Turtle (Pelodiscus maackii)

Minjong Ha,Do Na Lee,Sohail Ahmed,Jang-Hee Han,연성찬 한국임상수의학회 2022 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.39 No.4

An Amur softshell turtle with multiple shell injuries was admitted to the Seoul Wildlife Center on 19 May 2021. The most severe lesion was a puncture wound requiring urgent closure. In addition to routine supportive therapy, the damaged shell was patched with biocompatible polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) materials (bone cement and dental acrylic) and fiberglass. Despite a few methods to repair the carapace or plastron of hard-shelled turtles, shell repair in the Amur softshell turtle has rarely been reported. This paper reports the repair process of a puncture wound in the carapace of a softshell turtle using polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). PMMA is a biocompatible acrylic polymer that forms a tight structure that holds the implant against tissue defects, such as skin, bones, and dentures. Fiberglass, a preferred fiber in various medical fields, was used with PMMA to provide extra strength and waterproof capability. After the procedure, there were no signs of edema, inflammation, bleeding, skin discoloration, or any other complications. Accordingly, this can be a method of choice in softshell turtles using biocompatible materials to cover the lesion in the carapace and provide appropriate wound management, supportive therapy, and a suitable course of antibiotics considering all other circumstances.

Assessment of the Surveillance Interval at 1 Year after Curative Treatment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Risk Stratification

( Minjong Lee ),( Young Chang ),( Sohee Oh ),( Young Youn Cho ),( Dhong-eun Jung ),( Hong Hyun Kim ),( Joon Yeul Nam ),( Hyeki Cho ),( Eun Ju Cho ),( Jeong-hoon Lee ),( Su Jong Yu ),( Nam-joon Yi ),( 대한간학회 2018 Gut and Liver Vol.12 No.5

Background/Aims: Guidelines recommend surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence at 3-month intervals during the first year after curative treatment and 6-month intervals thereafter in all patients. This strategy does not reflect individual risk of recurrence. We aimed to stratify risk of recurrence to optimize surveillance intervals 1 year after treatment. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 1,316 HCC patients treated with resection/radiofrequency ablation at Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage 0/ A. In patients without 1-year recurrence under 3-monthly surveillance, a new model for recurrence was developed using backward elimination methods: training (n=582)/ validation cohorts (n=291). Overall survival (OS) according to risk stratified by the new model was compared according to surveillance intervals: 3-monthly versus 6-monthly (n=401) after lead time bias correction and propensity-score matching analyses. Results: Among patients without 1-year recurrence, age and international normalized ratio values were significant factors for recurrence (hazard ratio [HR], 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00 to 1.03; p=0.009 and HR, 5.63; 95% CI, 2.24 to 14.18; p<0.001; respectively). High-risk patients stratified by the new model showed significantly higher recurrence rates than low-risk patients in the validation cohort (HR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.18 to 2.53; p=0.005). After propensity-score matching between the 3-monthly and 6-monthly surveillance groups, OS in high-risk patients under 3-monthly surveillance was significantly higher than that under 6-monthly surveillance (p=0.04); however, OS in low-risk patients under 3-monthly surveillance was not significantly different from that under 6-monthly surveillance (p=0.17). Conclusions: In high-risk patients, 3-monthly surveillance can prolong survival compared to 6-monthly surveillance. However, in low-risk patients, 3-monthly surveillance might not be beneficial for survival compared to 6-monthly surveillance. (Gut Liver 2018;12:571-582)

Teaching Reading with an Interactive Approach: Using Dialogue Journals as a Practice

( Minjong Song ) 현대영어교육학회 2007 현대영어교육 Vol.8 No.3

This study investigated the effect of teaching reading with an interactive approach on comprehension achievement of Korean university students. Over a ten-week period, students in two experimental sections wrote dialogue journals as a practice for the interactive approach, and their progress was compared with the progress of students in two control sections who answered comprehension questions as a practice for a transmission model. Results from the data analysis showed that writing dialogue journals improved students' comprehension achievement more than answering comprehension questions, supporting adoption of the interactive approach in EFL reading courses. Supplementarily, involved students' major fields of study each had a noticeable effect on their reading comprehension, and that was statistically significant. Limitations and implications of the study were mentioned.

Recent Chemotherapy Reduces the Maximum-Standardized Uptake Value of 18F-Fluoro-Deoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in Colorectal Cancer

( Minjong Lee ),( Tae Sung Yeum ),( Ji Won Kim ),( Sohee Oh ),( Shin Ae Lee ),( Hong Ran Moon ),( Young Hoon Choi ),( Yoo Min Han ),( Ji Min Choi ),( Dong Kee Jang ) 대한소화기학회 2014 Gut and Liver Vol.8 No.3

Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of recent chemotherapy on the patterns of the maximum-standardized uptake value (M-SUV) and sensitivity of 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) in colorectal cancer. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the FDG-PET/CT of 509 patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer. Subgroup analysis was performed according to chemotherapy status; 401 patients were not treated with chemotherapy and 108 patients were treated with chemotherapy within 6 months prior to surgery. Pathologic analysis of the surgical specimen was used as the gold standard. Results: The M-SUV was significantly lower in patients treated with chemotherapy than in those not treated with chemotherapy in pathologically confirmed same stages of disease. The difference in the sensitivity of the M-SUV according to chemotherapy status was greatest using a cutoff M-SUV value of 6.4 (p<0.001). The longest diameter of the primary tumor was the most important factor that correlated with M-SUV of the primary tumor irrespective of the chemotherapy effect (p<0.001). The M-SUV of the primary tumor was not an independent predictor of lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer. Conclusions: The results indicate that the M-SUV of FDG-PET/CT should be interpreted in the context of concurrent chemotherapy.

Studies on Performance Evaluation and Indexes on Service Robot Face Recognition by using ETRI Face Database

MINJONG KIM,YOUNGSOOK JEONG,SUYOUNG CHI,MIYOUNG CHO 제어로봇시스템학회 2014 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.10

Recently, face recognition technology has been developed and there are many methods of objective performance evaluations on algorism development by using FERET, POSTECH FD07 and Yale Face database. However, the robot platform for face recognition performance evaluation studies is rarely done. In this paper, we suggested the robot platform performance evaluation methods, using high-definition ETRI Face Database and projecting it on a computer monitor with indexes, the pose, the orientation, and the distance parameters so that we proposed the performance evaluation on face recognition.

The influence of standardized testing pressure on teachers’ working environment

Minjong Youn 한국교육개발원 2018 KEDI Journal of Educational Policy Vol.15 No.2

Using a nationally representative sample of teachers from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS-K), this study employed structural equation modeling to examine the influence of testing pressure on teachers’ sense of empowerment and its further consequences on their sense of community and professional commitment. Findings of this study suggest that testing pressure appears to lower teachers’ sense of empowerment, and engenders further negative consequences on teachers’ sense of community and their professional commitment. In addition, testing pressure may still deteriorate teachers’ working condition independent from the level of social support that is provided within the school. Furthermore, such negative impact of testing pressure was prominent on middle and lowest socio-economic status (SES) schools. This study suggests a need to reconsider the notion that the pressure created by testing policies may lead to successful changes on teachers’ working environment.

Assessment of Risk for Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Extended Surveillance Interval 1 Year after Curative Treatment

( Minjong Lee ),( Sohee Oh ),( Young Youn Cho ),( Jeong-hoon Lee ),( Su Jong Yu ),( Nam-joon Yi ),( Kwang-woong Lee ),( Jeong Min Lee ),( Jung-hwan Yoon ),( Kyung-suk Suh ),( Yoon Jun Kim ) 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1

Aims: The guidelines recommend surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence be performed 3-monthly during 1 year after curative treatment, and 6-monthly thereafter in all patients. This strategy did not reflect individual risk based on patients’ tumor biology. We aimed to identify patients who can extend surveillance intervals 1 year after treatments. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 1,490 patients treated with hepatectomy/radiofrequency ablation in the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage 0/A and well-preserved liver function. In patients under 3-monthly surveillance in total periods, a new model for survival was developed using multivariable analysis: the derivation (n=682)/validation set (n=341). Survival rates in low-risk patients by the new model were compared according to surveillance intervals 1 year after treatments: 3-monthly vs. 6-monthly (n=467) after propensity score matching and lead time bias correction. Results: Albumin levels, MELD score, tumor size, alpha-fetoprotein levels, and 1-year recurrence were independent factors for survival: odds ratios (OR) of 0.33, 1.12, 1.06, 1.09, and 6.99 respectively (all P<0.01). One-year recurrence showed significantly higher OR than other durations (1-2, 2-3, and >3 years, P<0.01). A new model showed AUROC of 0.81 (the derivation set) and 0.77 (the validation set). Survival rates in low-risk patients of the new model under 3-monthly surveillance 1 year after treatments were not superior to those under 6-monthly surveillance (P=0.958). Conclusions: Surveillance interval 1 year after treatments in patients with favorable tumor biology can be extended to 6-monthly interval. Surveillance schedules can be optimized to reduce radio hazard and cost without compromising benefits in low-risk patients.

Comparison of the Sputum Microbiome Between Stable Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Pulmonary Disease Patients and Those Requiring Antibiotic Treatment

( Minjong Song ),( Noeul Kang ),( Su-young Kim ),( Dae Hun Kim ),( Byung Woo Jhun ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2023 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.136 No.0

One Year or Two? The impact of Head Start enrollment duration on academic achievement

Minjong Youn 한국교육개발원 2016 KEDI Journal of Educational Policy Vol.13 No.1

This study examined the impact of Head Start duration on children’s language and mathematics skills based on the nationally representative sample of the Head Start, Family and Children Experiences Survey (FACES, 2009). Analysis of the FACES (2009) revealed that children who attended Head Start for two years displayed substantial advantages both in language and math skills compared to one-year attendees by the time they left Head Start. These advantages were sustained until the end of kindergarten with a slight reduction of the effect sizes. This study adds to the growing body of evidence that a longer exposure from an earlier age to a public preschool program plays a significant role in improving the academic skills of children from economically disadvantaged families.