REVIEW : Screening Colonoscopy for Average Risk Individuals in Singapore

( Tiing Leong Ang ),( Kwong Ming Fock ) 대한장연구학회 2012 Intestinal Research Vol.10 No.3

In Singapore colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common cancer for males, second most common cancer for females and most common cancer overall. A national CRC screening program for average risks individuals was started in July 2011, with the primary test modality being the faecal immunochemical test. Individuals may choose to undergo screening colonoscopy directly. Colonoscopy has two roles in CRC screening. It is performed either as a primary screening test or used to evaluate abnormal results from another screening test. Colonoscopy is a safe and effective procedure but potential risks exist. Local complications such as perforation and bleeding, cardiopulmonary events and even mortality may occur. Additionally there could be failed cecal intubation and missed lesions. It is imperative that prior to colonoscopy, there is a proper discussion of risks, benefits and alternatives. To provide quality assurance for colonoscopy in the CRC screening program, a set of quality indicators and criteria for endoscopists and endoscopy centres was established. The endoscopists must be qualified specialists with a lifetime experience of at least 500 colonoscopies and 50 polypectomies, and need to meet annual monitoring parameters that include at least 50 colonoscopies, >95% cecal intubation rate, >95% recovery rate of excised polyps, and withdrawal time of at least 6 minutes. In addition, complication rates must be within acceptable limits such as perforation rate of less than 0.1% and postpolypectomy bleeding rate less than 1%. (Intest Res 2012;10:219-228)

Stability of Partial Nitrification and Microbial Population Dynamics in a Bioaugmented membrane Bioreactor

Yun Xia Zhang,Yan Li Xu,Ming Jia,Ji Ti Zhou,Shou Zhi Yuan,Jin Song Zhang,Zhen Peng Zhang 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2009 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.19 No.12

정치소설『경국미담』의 동북아 연쇄 번역 양상 연구 -순한글판 및 상무인서관 단행본『경국미담』을 중심으로-

양뢰 ( Lei Yang ),티안밍 ( An Ming Ti ) 한국현대문예비평학회 2014 한국문예비평연구 Vol.- No.43

본고는 현공렴의 순한글판『경국미담』을 일본어판『경국미담』과 상무인서관 단행본 『경국미담』을 대조하고 비교문학적 시각에서 고찰했다. 통해 현공렴이 어떤 경로를 거쳐 야노 류케이의 정치소설『경국미담』을 받아들였는지에 대해 밝히는 동시에 현공렴이 『경국미담』을 한국어로 옮기는 과정에서 어떻게 한국의 풍토 및 시대 상황에 맞게 변용시켰는지에 대해서도 살펴 보았다. 우선 기존의 연구와 달리 이 논문에서는 현공렴의 순한글판『경국미담』이 중국어 번역본인 상무인서관 단행본을 대본으로 하여 완성되었다는 사실을 입증하였다. 때문에 전반적으로 순한글파의 서사에는 당시의 중국 소설에서 나타나는 일반적인 특징이 공유되어 있다. 하지만 일본어 원작과 상무인서관 단행본을 같이 살펴보면 현공렴의 순한글판『경국미담』은 독자적인 특징을 갖고 있다는 사실도 발견할 수 있다. 역자가 『경국미담』을 한국어로 옮길 때 일어난 경개역, 축자역, 삭제와 첨가 등 변용의 양상들은 역자로서의 현공렴이 갖추고 있는 주체적인 번역 태도 및 책략을 반증해 주고 있다. 한편 『경국미담』의 중국어 번역 텍스트에 대한 고찰을 통해 우리는 당시 동아시아 3국이 근대화 과정에서 특히 문화 및 문학 분야의 교섭, 그 중에서도 언어 횡단적 실천이 상당히 활발하게 이루어졌다는 점을 확인할 수 있다. 따라서 이로한 동아시아적 시각에서 이 시기의 번역 문학의 역사를 한층 더 면밀하게 검토, 연구하는 작업이 필요하다고 생각한다. The purpose of this thesis is to study on the relationship between the Korean political novel Gyeong-Kuk-Mi-Dam(경국미담) written by Hyeon Gong-nyeom(玄公廉) in 1908, and Jingguomeitan(經國美談) which was written in the Late Qing Dynasty. In this thesis, after a positive text analysis, it is proved that the Korean political novel Gyeong-Kuk-Mi-Dam was an adaptation work of the Chinese-version political novel Jingguomeitan. and the Japanese novel Seimumeisikeikokubidan(齊武名士經國美談) written by Yano Lyokey(矢野龍溪) in 1883 was proved to be the original work of Gyeong-Kuk-Mi-Dam. Although this Hyeon`s political novel is a translation work, that doesn`t mean the story of Gyeong-Kuk-Mi-Dam is just the same as its Chinese or Japanese version. After a comparison between Hyeon`s work and all the other versions of this novel, some interesting truth had been found by the writer of this thesis through Hyeon`s translation, the entertaining founction and knowledge-popularizing function of Gyeong-Kuk-Mi-Dam`s original work and Chinese version had been substantially reduced, while the political founction has been considerably intensified at the same time. Through this study, we can notice that there had been a very active communication among Korea, China and Japan during the early period of modernization in the field of literature. It is why figuring out Korea, China and Japan`s history of translated literature under the East-asian perspective is so important and necessary for the expansion of East-asian studies.

Microstructure and Abrasive Wear Properties of Fe-Cr-C Hardfacing Alloy Cladding Manufactured by Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW)

Jie-Hao Chen,Chih-Chun Hsieh,Pei-Shing Hua,Chia-Ming Chang,Chi-Ming Lin,Paxon Ti-Yuan Wu,Weite Wu 대한금속·재료학회 2013 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.19 No.1

A series of Fe-Cr-C hardfacing alloys is deposited by gas tungsten arc welding and subjected to abrasive wear testing. Pure Fe with various amounts of CrC (Cr:C=4:1) powders are mixed as the fillers and used to deposit hardfacing alloys on low carbon steel. Depending on the various CrC additions to the alloy fillers,the claddings mainly contain hypoeutectic, near eutectic, or hypereutectic microstructures of austenite γ-Fe phase and (Cr,Fe)7C3 carbides on hardfacing alloys, respectively. When 30% CrC is added to the filler, the finest microstructure is achieved, which corresponds to the γ-Fe+(Cr,Fe)7C3 eutectic structure. With the addition of 35% and 40% CrC to the fillers, the results show that the cladding consists of the massive primary (Cr,Fe)7C3 as the reinforcing phase and interdendritic Fe+(Cr,Fe)7C3 eutectics as the matrix. The (Cr,Fe)7C3 carbide-reinforced claddings have high hardness and excellent wear resistance under abrasive wear test conditions. Concerning the abrasive wear feature observable on the worn surface, the formation and fraction of massive primary (Cr,Fe)7C3 carbides predominates the wear resistance of hardfacing alloys. Abrasive particles result in continuous plastic grooves when the cladding has primary γ-Fe phase in a hypoeutectic structure.

The impact of unrestricted access to direct-acting antiviral among incarcerated hepatitis C virus-infected patients

( Yu Jun Wong ),( Prem Harichander Thurairajah ),( Rahul Kumar ),( Kwong Ming Fock ),( Ngai Moh Law ),( Sin-yoong Chong ),( Fria Gloriba Manejero ),( Tiing-leong Ang ),( Eng Kiong Teo ),( Jessica Tan 대한간학회 2021 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.27 No.3

Background/Aims: Despite the disproportionally high prevalence rates of hepatitis C virus (HCV) amongst the incarcerated population, eradication remains challenging due to logistic and financial barriers. Although treatment prioritization based on disease severity is commonly practiced, the efficacy of such approach remained uncertain. We aimed to compare the impact of unrestricted access to direct-acting antiviral (DAA) among incarcerated HCV-infected patients in Singapore. Methods: In this retrospective study, we reviewed all incarcerated HCV-infected patients treated in our hospital during the restricted DAA era (2013-2018) and unrestricted DAA access era (2019). Study outcomes included the rate of sustained virological response (SVR), treatment completion and treatment default. Subgroup analysis was performed based on the presence of liver cirrhosis, HCV genotype and HCV treatment types. Results: A total of 1,001 HCV patients was followed-up for 1,489 person-year. They were predominantly male (93%) with genotype-3 HCV infection (71%), and 38% were cirrhotic. The overall SVR during the restricted DAA access era and unrestricted DAA access era were 92.1% and 99.1%, respectively. Unrestricted access to DAA exponentially improved the treatment access among HCV-infected patients by 460%, resulting in a higher SVR rate (99% vs. 92%, P=0.003), higher treatment completion rate (99% vs. 93%, P<0.001) and lower treatment default rate (1% vs. 9%, P<0.001). Conclusion: In this large cohort of incarcerated HCV-infected patients, we demonstrated that unrestricted access to DAA is an impactful strategy to allow rapid treatment up-scale in HCV micro-elimination. (Clin Mol Hepatol 2021;27:474-485)

Asian Consensus Report on Functional Dyspepsia

( Hiroto Miwa ),( Uday C Ghoshal ),( Sutep Gonlachanvit ),( Kok-Ann Gwee ),( Tiing-Leong Ang ),( Full-Young Chang ),( Kwong Ming Fock ),( Michio Hongo ),( Xiaohua Hou ),( Udom Kachintorn ),( Meiyun Ke 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2012 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.18 No.2

Background/Aims Environmental factors such as food, lifestyle and prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection are widely different in Asian countries compared to the West, and physiological functions and genetic factors of Asians may also be different from those of Westerners. Establishing an Asian consensus for functional dyspepsia is crucial in order to attract attention to such data from Asian countries, to articulate the experience and views of Asian experts, and to provide a relevant guide on management of functional dyspepsia for primary care physicians working in Asia. Methods Consensus team members were selected from Asian experts and consensus development was carried out using a modified Delphi method. Consensus teams collected published papers on functional dyspepsia especially from Asia and developed candidate consensus statements based on the generated clinical questions. At the first face-to-face meeting, each statement was reviewed and e-mail voting was done twice. At the second face-to-face meeting, final voting on each statement was done using keypad voting system. A grade of evidence and a strength of recommendation were applied to each statement according to the method of the GRADE Working Group. Results Twenty-nine consensus statements were finalized, including 7 for definition and diagnosis, 5 for epidemiology, 9 for pathophysiology and 8 for management. Algorithms for diagnosis and management of functional dyspepsia were added. Conclusions This consensus developed by Asian experts shows distinctive features of functional dyspepsia in Asia and will provide a guide to the diagnosis and management of functional dyspepsia for Asian primary care physicians.

Microwave Ablation Treatment of Liver Cancer with a 2,450-MHz Cooled-shaft Antenna: Pilot Study on Safety and Efficacy

Jiao, De-Chao,Zhou, Qi,Han, Xin-Wei,Wang, Ya-Feng,Wu, Gang,Ren, Jian-Zhuang,Wang, Yan-Li,Ding, Peng-Xu,Ma, Ji,Fu, Ming-Ti Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.2

To evaluate efficacy of microwave ablation in a primary clinical study, sixty patients (44 men, 16 women; mean age 53 years) with 96, 1-8 cm (mean $3.20{\pm}0.17$ cm) liver cancers were treated with 2,450-MHz internally cooled-shaft antenna. Complete ablation (CA) and local tumor progression (LTP) rates as well as complications were determined. CA rates in small (< 3.0 cm), intermediate (3.1-5.0 cm) and large (5.1-8.0 cm) liver cancers were 96.4% (54/56), 92.3% (24/26) and 78.6% (11/14), respectively. During a mean follow-up period of $17.17{\pm}6.52$ months, LTP occurred in five (5.21%) treated cases. There was no significant difference in the CA and LTP rates between the HCC and liver metastasis patient subgroups (P<0.05). Microwave ablation provides a reliable, efficient, and safe technique to perform hepatic tumor ablation.

Application of Robotic Welding Technology to the Continuity Plate Weld Within a Steel Built-up Box Column in Buildings

Chung-Che Chou,Gee‑Jin Yu,Kung‑Juin Wang,Wei‑Tze Chang,Chiun‑Lin Wu,Charlene Chin‑Jie Zhao,Chun‑Yao Yang,Ming‑Ti Chou 한국정밀공학회 2023 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.24 No.9

This paper presents a study to investigate the feasibility of using robotic welding technologies to weld the continuity plate and the column flange plate during manufacturing steel built-up box columns in buildings. Specimens designed to emulate the key components in the steel beam-to-column moment connections for Special moment frame were fabricated and welded using a proposed automated procedure that performs multi-layer, multi-pass welding for thick steel plates. Effects of controlling parameters on robotic welding results that includes the manner of bead stacking, wire feed speed, travel speed, working angle, arc voltage, the path of the welding pass, and the methods to start and finish welding passes were investigated. The quality of the welded products was assessed by visual inspection and ultrasonic testing (UT). Further mechanical tests including tensile tests, bending tests, and cyclic loading tests were carried out on selected welded products that passed the UT examination. The test results indicated that the robotic welds showed no visible damage or cracks, met requirements specified in the AWS specification, and exhibited satisfactory strength and ductility.