A Study of the Content Validity of Reading Comprehension Tests in NMET II

Zhen-Jie Liu,Ming-Hao Jin 대한언어학회 2018 언어학 Vol.26 No.4

Liu, Zhen-Jie & Jin, Ming-Hao. (2018). A study of the content validity of reading comprehension tests in NMET II. The Linguistic Association of Korea Journal, 26(4), 103-124. Based on Bachman and Palmer’s (1996) framework of task characteristics, this paper aims to compare the reading comprehension tests of the 2013-2017 National Matriculation English Test II (NMET II) with the requirements of the New Curriculum Standards and Testing Syllabus, in particular, concerning the content validity of the tests in terms of the characteristics of input and expected responses. The implications of this study are discussed for test designers, teachers, and students. The results show that reading comprehension tests from 2013 to 2017 basically meet the requirements of the New Curriculum Standard and Testing Syllabus and have a high content validity. In terms of the characteristics of input, the length, reading speed, and readability of comprehension passages are appropriate for students; however, the distribution of topics and genres in each year is uneven. In terms of the characteristics of expected responses, the wordings of questions and the design of question items are reasonable. However, the response type is mainly restricted to selected response questions (multiple-choice), and the measure of reading skills coverage is unbalanced.

수지상세포의 방사선 저항성에 대한 연구

김은실,김종순,이명호,범희승,민정준,정환정,김성민,허영준,송호천,이제중 대한핵의학회 2003 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.37 No.3

목적 : 림프구와 비교되는 수지상 세포의 방사선 민감성을 보기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 말초혈액에서 분리한 T 림프구에 0 Gy, 10 Gy, 30 Gy의 방사선을 조사하고 4시간 후에 유세포 분석기를 이용하여 선량별 세포고사 빈도를 관찰하였다. 또한 조혈모세포에서 미성숙 및 성숙 수지상 세포를 단계적으로 분리 배양하여 각각 0 Gy, 10 Gy, 30 Gy, 100 Gy의 방사선을 조사하고 4시간, 24시간 그리고 48 시간 후에 선량별 세포고사 빈도를 관찰하였다. 사이토스핀(cytospin)슬라이드에 림프구와 미성숙 및 성숙 수지상세포를 3×104개 씩 분주하고 May Grunwald-Giemsa 염색한 후, 광학 현미경 하에서 각각의 세포군 당 100개의 세포에서 세포 면적당 핵의 면적 비를 측정하였다. 결과 : 림프구에서는 방사선조사 선량별로 세포고사 빈도가 유의하게 증가하였으나, 수지상 세포에서는 그 분화정도나 방사선조사 선량에 따른 세포고사의 빈도차이가 없었다. 또한 수지상 세포는 방사선선량과 관계없이 용량에 의존적으로 강력한 T-세포 자극능을 보였다. 림프구의 세포에 대한 핵의 면적 비는 미성숙 및 성숙 수지상세포의 세포에 대한 핵의 면적 비보다 현저히 큰 반면, 두 가지 수지상세포간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결론 : 수지상세포는 그 분화도와 상관없이 림프구에 비하여 방사선 저항성을 나타내었고, 이는 세포의 형태적 차이에 따른 표적의 크기와 관련이 있을 것으로 생각되며, 향후 분자 생물학적인 연구의 기초 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. Purpose : To evaluate radiation sensitivity of dendritic cells in comparison with lymphocytes. Materials and methods : T lymphocytes captured from peripheral blood were irradiated by 0 Gy, 10 Gy, 30Gy. Apoptosis was measured by flowcytometry for staining of Annexin V 4 hours after irradiation. Immature and mature dendritic cells processed from blood hematopoietic stern cell were irradiated by 0 Gy, 10 Gy, 30 Gy, 100 Gy respectively and apoptosis was measured by flowcytometry with time difference as 4h, 24h and 48h after irradiation. Morphometric analysis by percent nucleus was measured in three cell groups, also. Results : Lymphocytes showed radiation sensitivity by increasing apoptotic fraction according to radiation dose. However, both mature and immature dendritic cells showed consistent fraction of apoptosis in spite of increasing radiation dose. Percent nucleus ratio is significantly higher in lymphocytes than that of mature or immature dendritic cells. Stimulation of T-cell by dendritic cells was not changed after irradiation. Conclusion : Dendritic cells showed radioresistance which was associated with small size of nucleus in comparison with lymphocytes and this result would be used as a basal data of radio-labelling for the cellular trafficking studies in nuclear medicine fields.

물리학 선량법을 이용한 갑상선암의 개인별 최대안전용량 I-131 치료법 개발과 유용성 평가

김정철,윤정한,범희승,제갈영종,송호천,민정준,정환정,김성민,허영준,이명호,박영규,정준기 대한핵의학회 2003 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.37 No.2

목적 : 분화갑상선암 환자에 대한 방사성옥소(I-131) 치료는 재발율과 사망률을 감소시키는 효과적인 치료법이지만, 치료용량을 증가시킴으로써 치료율을 향상시킬 수 있는지에 대해서는 아직 논란이 있다. 본 연구에서는 최대허용선량 치료법의 효용성을 검증하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 임상적 병기가 제3, 4병기이고, 6개월 이후에 I-131 전신스캔(이하 IWBS)과 혈중 thyroglobulin (이하 Tg), anti-thyroglobulin antibody (이하 ATA), 초음파검사 (이하 US) 및 F-18 FDG PET 등을 통해 치료여부를 확인할 수 있었던 58명(남:여=9:49, 평균연령 50±11세)의 유두상갑상선암 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 이중 11명은 제4병기, 47명은 제3병기였으며, 43명(남:여=4:39), 평균연령 50±11세)은 7.4 GBq 이하의 고식적인 저용량치료법으로 치료하였고, 9.25 GBq 이상의 고용량 치료를 받은 환자는 15명(남:여=5:10, 평균연령 50±12세)으로 고용량군에서 남자가 더 많았으나 연령의 차이는 없었다. 고용량군 환자 모두에서 추적용량의 방사성옥소(평균 77±3 MBq)를 경구 투여한 후 혈중 방사능소실곡선을 통해 최대허용선량(maximum permissible dose, 이하 MPD)을 계산하였으며, 7명에서는 말초혈액림프구의 중기염색체분석법에 의해 생물학적으로 MPD를 계산하였다. 14명에서는 치료용량의 방사성옥소를 투여한 후 혈중 방사능소실곡선을 통해 MPD를 계사하였다. 완전치유(complete response, 이하 CR)는 IWBS에서 병소가 없어지고, 혈중 Tg치가 1 ng/mL 이하로 감소한 경우로 정의하였으며, 부분치유(partial response, 이하 PR)는 IWBS에서 병소가 없어졌더라도 혈중 Tg, ATA치가 높거나, US 또는 PET 검사에서 병소가 남아있는 경우로 정의하였다. 치료후 IWBS에서 병소가 오히려 증가하거나 변함없는 경우는 없었다. 방사성옥소 치료에 의한 부작용은 입원기간 중 타액선이 현저하게 붓고 통증이 있거나, 구토를 심하게 하는 경우, 그리고 퇴원후 1개월째 백혈구수가 20% 이상 감소한 경우로 정의하였다. 결과 : 양 군간에 연속적인 수치변화를 비교하는 경우는 paired t-test를 이용하였으며, 대상군간 치료효과와 부작용의 비교는 chi-square test를 이용하였다. p값 0.05 미만을 통계적으로 유의한 차이로 인정하였다. 고용량군 환자 모두에서 추적용량과 치료용량의 방사성옥소 투여 후 혈액의 피폭선량은 각각 0.012±0.3 Gy, 1.66±25 Gy였으며, 방사성옥소 투여 후 혈액에 전달되는 피폭선량은 추적용량보다 치료용량에서 더 많았고 (1.21: 166 rad, p<0.001), 방사성옥소 1 mCi당 혈액에 전달되는 피폭선량은 차이가 없었다(0.58±0.1 vs. 0.56±0.1 rad/37 MBq, p=0.34). 추적용량 방사성옥소 투여 후 구한 MPD는 평균 13.3±1.9 GBq (9.7 ~ 16 GBq) 이였고, 치료용량 방사성옥소 투여 후 구한 MPD는 평균 13.8±2.1 GBq (10.4 ~ 16.3 GBq)로 유의한 차이가 없었으며 (p=0.20), 두 수치간에는 유의한 상관 관계가 있었다(r=0.8, p<0.0001). 7명의 환자에서 말초혈액림프구 중기염색체 분석법으로 MPD를 측정하였는데 혈액의 피폭선량은 1.78±0.03 G였으며, 같은 환자에서 혈중 방사능소실곡선으로부터 구한 피폭선량은 1.54±0.03 G로 유의하게 낮았으나 (p=0.01), 두 측정치 간에는 유의한 상관관계(r=0.86, p=0.01)가 있었다. 저용량 치료군 43명 중 22명(51.2%)에서 완전치유를 보였고 21명(48.8%)에서는 부분치유를 보인 반면 고용량 치료군 15명 중 12명(80%)에서 완전치유를 보였고 3명(20%)에서만 부분치유를 보여 고용량 치료군에서 유의하게 높은 완전치유를 얻을 수 있었다(p=0.05). 한편 부작용 발생빈도는 저용량 치료군 43명 중 13(30.2%), 고용량 치료군 15명 중 6명(40%)로 양군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다(p=0.46). 임상적인 병기, 연령 및 성별에 따라서는 치유의 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 결론 : 혈중소실곡선으로부터 MPD를 결정하고 이를 토대로 환자 개개인별로 적절한 선량을 선택하여 치료하는 방법은 부작용을 최소화하면서도 치료효과를 높일 수 있는 매우 유용한 치료법이며, 고위험군 분화갑상선 암 환자에게 가장 적절한 치료법이라고 사료되었다. Purpose: Radioiodine (1-131) therapy is an effective modality to reduce both recurrence and mortality rates in differentiated thyroid cancer. Whether higher doses shows higher therapeutic responses was still debatable. The purpose of this study was to validate curve-fitting (CF) method measuring maximum permissible dose (MPD) by a biological dosimetry using metaphase analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Materials and Methods: Therapeutic effects of MPD was evaluated in 58 patients (49 females and 9 males, mean age 50±11 years) of papillary thyroid cancer. Among them 43 patients were treated with ≤7.4 GBq, while 15 patients with ≥9.25 GBq. The former was defined as low-dose group, and the latter high-dose group. Therapeutic response was defined as complete response when complete disappearance of lesions on follow-up 1-131 scan and undetectable serum thyroglobulin levels were found. Statistical comparison between groups were done using chi-square test. P value less than 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results: MPD measured by CF method using tracer and therapeutic doses were 13.3±1.9 and 13.8±2.1 GBq, respectively (p=0.20). They showed a significant correlation (r=0.8, p<0.0001). Exposed doses to blood measured by CF and biological methods were 1.54±0.03 and 1.78±0.03 Gy (p=0.01). They also showed a significant correlation (r=0.86, p=0.01). High-does group showed a significantly higher rate of complete response (12/15, 80%) as compared to the low-dose group (22/43, 51.2%) (p=0.05). While occurrence of side effects was not different between two groups (40% vs. 30.2%, p=0.46). Conclusion: Measurement of MPD using CF method is reliable, and the high-dose 1-131 therapy using MPD gains significantly higher therapeutic effects as compared with low-dose therapy.

Growth of Human Colon Cancer Cells in Nude Mice is Delayed by Ketogenic Diet With or Without Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Medium-chain Triglycerides

Hao, Guang-Wei,Chen, Yu-Sheng,He, De-Ming,Wang, Hai-Yu,Wu, Guo-Hao,Zhang, Bo Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.5

Background: Tumors are largely unable to metabolize ketone bodies for energy due to various deficiencies in one or both of the key mitochondrial enzymes, which may provide a rationale for therapeutic strategies that inhibit tumor growth by administration of a ketogenic diet with average protein but low in carbohydrates and high in fat. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six male BALB/C nude mice were injected subcutaneously with tumor cells of the colon cancer cell line HCT116. The animals were then randomly split into three feeding groups and fed either a ketogenic diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids and MCT (MKD group; n=12) or lard only (LKD group; n=12) or a standard diet (SD group; n=12) ad libitum. Experiments were ended upon attainment of the target tumor volume of $600mm^3$ to $700mm^3$. The three diets were compared for tumor growth and survival time (interval between tumor cell injection and attainment of target tumor volume). Results: The tumor growth in the MKD and LKD groups was significantly delayed compared to that in the SD group. Conclusions: Application of an unrestricted ketogenic diet delayed tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model. Further studies are needed to address the mechanism of this diet intervention and the impact on other tumor-relevant parameters such as invasion and metastasis.

Optimizing Channel Access in Wireless Local Area Network Environments with a New Backoff Approach

Hao-Ming Liang,Ce-Kuen Shieh,Sherali Zeadally,Naveen K Chilamkurti 보안공학연구지원센터 2009 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.4 No.2

Over the past few years, several backoff algorithms such as Exponential Increase Exponential Decrease (EIED) and Adaptive Enhanced Distributed Coordination Function (AEDCF)) have been proposed for wireless local area networks to improve channel access. We propose a new backoff technique that monitors the number of backoff counter pauses experienced and modifies the contention window accordingly. We evaluate and compare the performance of our proposed approach with EIED and AEDCF channel access techniques. Our simulations results, obtained under different network conditions, show improved performance for metrics such as the fairness index and end-to-end delay.

Distributed Fusion Filter for Multi-rate Sampling Stochastic Singular Systems with Multiplicative Noises

Hao Jin,Jing Ma,Yun Li,Ming Zhao 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.10 No.2

The distributed fusion filtering problem is studied for multi-rate sampling stochastic singular linear systems with multiple sensors and stochastic multiplicative noises. The system is described at the highest sampling rate and different sensors may have different lower sampling rates. The white noise in measurement matrix is introduced to describe the stochastic disturbance. Firstly, based on decomposition in canonical form, the original singular system is transformed into fast and slow two subsystems. For the two reduced-order subsystems, the local filters (LFs) are given based on the “dummy” random variables. The cross-covariance matrices between any two local filtering errors are derived. Further, the distributed fusion filter weighted by matrices (FFWM) is obtained for the original singular system based on the well-known fusion algorithm in the linear minimum variance sense. Simulation example verifies the correctness and feasibility of the proposed algorithm.

Individual Variation of radiation adaptive Responses in patients Undergoing Imaging Studies Using 99mTc Labeled Radiopharmaceuticals

Ming-Hao Li,Hee-Seung Bom,An-Sung Kwon,Young-Ho Kim,Ji-Yeul Kim 대한방사선방어학회 2003 방사선방어학회지 Vol.28 No.2

A Correlation Study of Chinese English Learners’ Writing Anxiety, Writing Strategies, and Writing Achievements

( Ming-hao Jin ),( Yan Guo ) 대한언어학회 2021 언어학 Vol.29 No.1

This study aims to investigate Chinese English learners’ writing anxiety, and analyzes its correlation with their writing strategies and writing achievements. Two questionnaires, designed by referring to and re-editing Petric and Czarl’s (2003) Writing Strategies Questionnaire and Cheng’s (2004) Second Language Writing Anxiety Inventory, were completed by 90 Chinese senior high school students in Yanji, China. SPSS 24.0 was used to analyze the data and produce descriptive statistics, paired sample T-tests, and Pearson correlation coefficient analysis. The result shows that students have a moderate degree of anxiety. High anxiety students experience the highest cognitive anxiety, and low anxiety students experience the highest physical anxiety. English learners’ writing anxiety shows a significant negative correlation with writing strategies. High anxiety students seldom use English writing strategies, while low anxiety students use them very often in the process of completing a writing task. English learners’ writing anxiety shows a significant negative correlation with writing achievements as well. The higher English learners' writing anxiety is, the lower their writing achievements will be. Thus, English learners should be encouraged and trained to use English writing strategies well to reduce English writing anxiety and improve the level of writing achievements.

A Study of Content Validity on Grammar Gap-filling Tests in NMET II

( Ming-hao Jin ),( Mei-xian Zheng ) 대한언어학회 2020 언어학 Vol.28 No.3

Based on Bachman and Palmer’s (1996) Framework of Task Characteristics and Li’s (1996) Test Point Validity Theory, this paper aims to analyze the test point quality and content validity of grammar gap-filling tests of the 2014-2019 National Matriculation English Test paper II (NMET II), in particular, concerning the content validity of tests in terms of the characteristics of input and expected responses, and test point validity. The results show that the grammar gap-filling tests in the NMET II are all in line with the language knowledge part required in the New Curriculum Standard and the Testing Syllabus and have a relatively high content validity. The test points are evenly distributed and reasonably designed, which can test students' grammar ability under the guidance of discourse with well designed length and reasonable test point validity. However, there are still some problems to be improved, such as the lack of ‘man and nature’ and practical essay writing in terms of topic and genre. The readability fluctuated greatly. The expected response type is restricted to limited production. Furthermore, test points designed with discourse level and meaning factor are less examined, and lacking of test points used to measure a higher grammatical ability.

A Study on Chinese-Korean Bilinguals` Language of Thought in English Writing

( Ming Hao Jin ),( Byoung Man Jeon ) 글로벌영어교육학회(구 호남영어교육학회) 2012 Studies in English education Vol.17 No.1

This paper attempts to examine language of thought and code switches among three languages the Chinese-Korean bilingual English learners employ in the process of English writing. 24 Korean dominant, Chinese-Korean bilinguals of three groups at the different English learning stages were chosen as subjects who were required to complete an English writing task with pictures by the method of ``think aloud`` respectively. Wang and Wen`s (2002) five English writing steps and Wen and Guo`s (1998) classification of language functions in the text output of English writing were used to analyze data. The findings of the study indicate that Chinese-Korean bilingual English learners use Korean and Chinese language of thought largely to help themselves complete English writing task. This study suggests that Chinese-Korean bilinguals have an outstanding ability in switching different linguistic codes and their existing linguistic knowledge is a great asset in learning the third language English.