Development of Sensitive Analytical Method of Rhodanthpyrone A by a LC-MS/MS and its Application to Bioavailability Study in Rats

Kang, Bitna,Yoon, Jeong A,Song, Im-Sook,Han, Young Taek,Choi, Min-Koo Korean Society for Mass Spectrometry 2019 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.10 No.3

A sensitive analytical method of rhodanthpyrone A in rat plasma was developed using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Rhodanthpyrone A and rhodanthpyrone B (internal standard) in rat plasma were extracted by a liquid-liquid extraction method with ethyl acetate. This extraction method gave results in high and reproducible extraction recovery in the range of 73.75-79.90% with no interfering peaks around the peak elution time of rhodanthpyrone A and B. The standard calibration curves for rhodanthpyrone A ranged from 0.5 to 2000 ng/mL were linear with $r^2$ > 0.994 and the inter- and intra-day accuracy and precision and the stability were within acceptance criteria. Using this validated analytical method, pharmacokinetics of rhodanthpyrone A following intravenous and oral administration of rhodanthpyrone A at doses of 2 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg, respectively, were investigated. Rhodanthpyrone A in rat plasma showed multi-exponential elimination pattern with high clearance and volume of distribution values. The absolute oral bioavailability of this compound was calculated as 3.7%. Collectively, the newly developed sensitive LC-MS/MS analytical method of rhodanthpyrone A could be successfully applied to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of this compound and would be useful for the further studies on the efficacy, toxicity, and biopharmaceutics of rhodanthpyrone A.

청각장애인의 근무만족도와 관리자의 고용만족도 조사 : 광주지역을 중심으로

성민아,정은희 한국장애인고용촉진공단 고용개발원 2008 장애와 고용 Vol.18 No.2

이 연구는 청각장애인의 근무만족도와 청각장애인을 고용한 고용주 또는 관리자의 고용 만족도를 알아보고자 청각장애인 29명 관리자 19명을 대상으로 한 조사연구이다. 연구결과 첫째, 청각장애인의 근무환경에 대한 논의를 통해 얻은 결론을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 청각장애인은 대부분이 50인 이상의 사업장에서 월급제로 제조업에 종사하고 있으며 구직은 친구나 선후배를 통해 하고 있고, 정확한 출퇴근시간과 휴일보장이 근무조건의 1순위이면서 동시에 가장 큰 이직사유이기도 하였다. 이직은 1-2번 정도 있었고 이직 시 친구나 선후배의 영향이 크다고 할 수 있으며, 직업훈련 경험이 직무에 도움이 되고 있다고 느끼고 있으나 직업훈련경험이 적으므로 체계적인 직업전 교육이 필요하다고 사료된다. 둘째, 청각장애인의 고용환경으로 관리자들은 대부분 장애인 고용의무제를 계기로 채용을 하고 있으며, 청각장애인의 고용에 대해서 효과적이라고 생각하고 만족하고 있다고 할 수 있다. 또한 고용에 대해서 만족하고 있는 점은 학교직업교육에서도 관리자들의 요구와 필요를 파악하여 직업능력을 개발하고 인간관계 기술과 적응지도를 심화시켜 좀 더 현장에 부합하도록 노력할 필요가 있음을 시사해 준다. 셋째, 보수와 안전시설, 복지, 전반적인 만족도 면에서 종사자들은 만족하고 있었고, 관리자 역시 적정하다고 보고 있는 점이 상호 부합되고 있다. 다만 근무시간과 휴무보장에 대해서는 종사자와 관리자가 다소 다른 평가를 하고 있다는 점에 대해서는 신중한 검토를 하여야 할 것으로 보인다. 마지막으로 관리자의 청각장애 종사자에 대한 요구를 보면 고졸이상의 학력이 필요하다고 보았으며 동료와 상사와의 원활한 관계형성과 언어능력을 요구 하였으며 취업 전 진로상담과 직업훈련이 우선되어야 한다고 하였다. 따라서 학교와 직업훈련기관에서는 다양하고 체계적인 직업전 교육과 의사소통 능력 배양, 인성교육 등을 통해 단순노무와 생산으로 제한된 직종과 업무를 넓힐 수 있도록 해야 할 것이다. On this research I grasp company's object which plan to employee a person with hearing impaired and improvements after employment to maintain employment security so researches manager's satisfaction and a person's with hearing impaired desire after employment and education of human nature and vocational training before employment and present work condition for them so I hoped to be an indication for improvement of work condition. The object of subjects is based on the questionnaire from 29 person with hearing impaired who works on and 19 managers on 9 company excluding company which had closed and bankruptted. The conclusion from the research are below. First, in case of a person's with hearing impaired work satisfaction, choice condition was narrow from choice of a types of business to be compared with the general public. Most respondent were work on the manufacturing industry and a way of looking for job was not various just choose a job by friends or seniors and juniors. Also reason of defections by overwork and holiday work was high so work time and holiday is important factor on holding down a job. The overall of work satisfaction was good and had a positive mind about manger's concern, safety facilities, welfare facilities and consult with manager when in trouble. On the one hand experience on vocational training was helpful to work so they need educational system before a job and vocational training. Secondly, managers were satisfied mostly on a person's with hearing impaired employment and had a extra plan to employee them. They had a positive mind on communications, refered a institution and a special school for employment and satisfied with skill of work. Employer and manager who employee a person with hearing impaired require a high school graduate and making a good relation with a manager and a fellow and linguistic ability. To develop making a good relation and linguistic ability requires person's with hearing impaired effort by oneself and effective seat arrangement and a regular counsel and manager or employer's continuous concern and elevation on conversation by writing will lead to more good work activity. Also manager said that one´s course counsel and vocational training must be proceeded before employment.

멀티미디어 매체 활용이 한국어 쓰기 능력에 미치는 영향 연구 : 학문 목적 중⋅고급 학습자를 대상으로

신민아, 박소희 배재대학교 주시경교양교육연구소 2017 대학교양교육연구 Vol.2 No.1

최근 한국어를 학습하는 학문 목적 학습자가 점점 증가하고 있으며 이들에게 쓰기 교육은 아주 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 쓰기는 다른 언어 기능과 달리 일상생활에서 자연스럽게 학습할 수 있는 것이 아니라 의도된 교육 환경 아래에서 학습이 가능하다. 이에 멀티미디어매체를 통해 쓰기에 대한 학습자들의 부담을 줄이고 흥미를 유발할 수 있는 쓰기 교육이 필요하다. 본 연구는 부산 소재의 D대학교에서 외국어를 학습하는 중급 24명의 학생을 대상으로 하였다.5) 본 연구에서는 같은 주제에 대한 쓰기를 2회 실시한다. 1회차 쓰기에서 학습자들은 교사의 설명이나 자료의 제공 없이 자신의 생각을 쓴다. 쓰기 수행이 끝나면 학습자는 관련 멀티미디어 매체를 보면서 쓰기에 사용할 어휘나 문장, 내용을 메모한다. 그리고 다시 같은 주제에 대해 2회차 쓰기를 실시한 후 매체 사용 전⋅후의 쓰기 결과를 비교하였다. 멀티미디어 매체를 활용한 수업은 학습자들의 흥미와 동기를 고취시키고 실제적인 정보를 제공한다. 멀티미디어 매체를 통해 얻은 정보와 자료는 쓰기의 중요한 재료가 되며, 이는 쓰기 활동에 긍정적 영향을 미친다. 또한 멀티미디어 매체는 수업 후에도 반복해서 듣고 쓸 수 있는 장점이 있으므로 학문 목적 학습자들의 쓰기 능력 향상에 도움이 된다. 학습자들은 쓰기에 대한 부담을 많이 느낀다. 그러나 멀티미디어 매체를 본 후 쓰기에서 는 내용 구성이 풍부해진 것을 볼 수 있었으며, 쓰기 후 설문조사를 통해 쓰기에 대한 부담감이 줄어든 것을 볼 수 있었다. 멀티미디어 매체를 활용한 쓰기 수업은 첫째, 학습자의 흥미를 유발하며 쓰기에 대한 부담감을 줄이는 데 도움이 된다. 둘째, 멀티미디어 매체를 활용한 쓰기 수업은 학습자들의 쓰기 능력 향상에 도움이 된다. 매체를 활용한 후 학습자들의 쓰기 자료를 분석한 결과, 주제에 대한 전문 용어의 사용이 증가하였고 내용이 명확하고 풍부해진 것을 알 수 있었다. 쓰기는 표현 영역이다. 학문 목적 학습자들이 주어진 주제에 대해 자신의 생각을 명확하게 글로 표현하기 위해서는 언어의 형태보다는 의미에 초점을 두는 수업이 진행되어야 하며, 장기적인 학습이 이루어지려면 학습자의 능동적인 학습 태도가 필요하다. 멀티미디어매체를 활용한 수업은 이와 같은 요구를 만족시키는 수업 도구가 될 것이며 앞으로의 더 많은 연구를 기대해 본다. The number of Korean learners for academic purposes is on a rise recently and for such learners writing (composition) lessons are of great importance. Unlike other aspects of language learning, writing skills cannot be acquired naturally through one’s daily life but can only be mastered through a purposely designed learning environment/model. Therefore, in order to reduce the burden for the learners and to incite their interest we need writing (composition) classes based on using audio-visual medium. This research was conducted targeting 24 intermediate level students learning a foreign language in D-University, Busan. The students were first asked to write their thoughts on a given topic. However, there were a lot of students who found it challenging to write due to the difficulties in using the correct vocabulary and grammar and constructing proper sentences. Moreover, there were students who were restricted by the lack of background knowledge on the topic. The students were then showed news and documentaries related to the topic and were asked to write their views again. The results from the two situations were then compared. A learning environment based on audio-visual medium not only builds interest and motivation among the students but also provides them with realistic information. The information and data obtained through audio-visual medium can become a useful reference material for the students and has a positive impact on the writing activity. Furthermore, since audio-visual medium can be listened to or used repeatedly even after class, it plays an important role in improving the writing skills of students learning Korean for academic purposes. Korean language learners usually feel burdened by writing. However, after playing the audio-visual material, we could see that their writing became richer in content and the survey conducted after the writing activity also reflected a decline in the burden felt by the students. From these results, we can conclude two things. Firstly, a writing class which utilizes audio-visual medium helps in arousing interest in the students and in reducing the burden felt by them. Secondly, a writing class based on using audio-visual materials helps in improving the writing skills of the learners. The analysis of the material written after the application of audio-visual medium showed an increase in the use of technical terms and more clarity and richness in content. Writing is a method to express oneself. In order to enable the students learning Korean for academic purposes to express their thoughts clearly through composition, instead of a class that focuses on the language form, we need a class that focuses on the meaning/significance. Also, for long-term learning, the students as well need to display an active learning attitude. Since a composition class based on audio-visual medium can act as a useful tool to satisfy such requirements, it would be useful to have more research on this topic in the future.

Characteristics of a-GaN films and a-AlGaN/GaN heterojunctions prepared on r-sapphire by two-stage growth process

Polyakov, A. Y.,Jang, Lee-Woon,Smirnov, N. B.,Govorkov, A. V.,Kozhukhova, E. A.,Yugova, T. G.,Reznik, V. Y.,Pearton, S. J.,Baik, Kwang Hyeon,Hwang, Sung-Min,Jung, Sukkoo,Lee, In-Hwan American Institute of Physics 2011 JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS - Vol.110 No.9

<P>The electrical properties, presence of deep electron and hole traps and photoluminescence spectra were measured for undoped a-GaN films grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) in a two-stage process using a high V/III ratio at the first stage and low V/III ratio at the second stage. Growth was performed on r-sapphire substrates with a high temperature GaN nucleation layer. The films showed a full width at half maximum of 450-470 arcseconds for the (11-20) x-ray rocking curve with little anisotropy with respect to the sample rotation around the growth direction. The stacking fault (SF) density determined by selective etching was similar to 5 x 10(4) cm(-1). The residual donor concentration was 10(14)-10(15) cm(-3), with a very low density (2.5 x 10(13) cm(-3)) of electron traps located at E-c - 0.6 eV, which are believed to be one of the major non-radiative recombination centers in nonpolar GaN. Consequently, the films showed a high intensity of bandedge luminescence with negligible contribution from defect bands associated with SFs. In contrast to previously studied nonpolar GaN films, the a-GaN layers showed a high concentration of gallium-vacancy-related acceptors near E-v + 1 eV and a strong yellow luminescence band, both indicating that growth conditions were effectively N-rich. a-AlGaN/GaN heterojunctions with thin heavily Si doped AlGaN barriers made on a-GaN substrates showed two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) concentrations of 1.2 x 10(13) cm(-3), with 2DEG mobility of 80 cm(2)/Vs. Capacitance-voltage profiling of Schottky diodes on these HJs suggest that the 2DEG is fully depleted by the built-in voltage of the Schottky diode. (C)2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3658026]</P>

부산지역 유흥업소 종사여성으로부터 분리된 HPV16형의 발암유전자(E6/E7) 돌연변이 유형 분석

민상기(Sang-Kee Min),김성순(Sung Soon Kim),최병선(Byeong-Sun Choi),장대호(Dai-Ho Jang),이미옥(Mee-Ok Lee),최성화(Seung-Hwa Choi),김남호(Nam-Ho Kim),박연경(Yon-Koung Park),정영아(Yeong-A Jeong),김성준(Seong-Joon Kim),빈재훈(Jae-Hun Bi 한국생명과학회 2009 생명과학회지 Vol.19 No.6

HPV-16형의 염기배열 변이는 지역적, 인종적으로 특징적인 차이가 있으며 특히 HPV-16형 E6/E7 유전자의 특정 염기서열변이는 자궁경부암 및 자궁상피내 신생종양물의 발생을 일으키는 고위험 요인으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 2007년 부산지역 유흥업소 종사여성으로 분리된 HPV-16형 19건을 대상으로 E6/E7 유전자 영역(nt 34-880)을 표적으로 지역적 염기서열 변이를 조사하였다. nucleotide 수준에서 HPV16형 E6 유전자는 T178G (n=11), T178A (n=1), T350G (n=4), A442C (n=2), A104T, A111G, C116T, G145T, T183G, C335T, G522C 등 11종의 변이주가 발견되었고, E7 유전자는 A647G (n=12), A645C, A777C, G663A, T732C, T760C, A775T, T789C, T795G 등 9종의 변이주가 발견되었다. 아미노산 수준에서는 HPV-16형 E6 단백질의 경우 D25E (n=12), L83V (n=4), E113D (n=2), M1L, Q3R, P5S, Q14H, D25N, I27R, H78Y, C140S 등 11종의 변이주를, HPV16형 E7 단백질의 경우 N29S (n=12), L28F, T72S 등 3종의 변이주를 관찰할 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과, 부산지역의 HPV-16형 E6/E7 우점 돌연변이주는 E6 D25E (75%), E7 N29S (78%)로 각각 나타났다. 앞으로 자궁경부암 환자 및 일반여성을 포함한 더 많은 모집단을 대상으로 HPV-16형 E6/E7의 intratypic variants를 비교 조사하여 실제 HPV-16형 E6/E7 어떤 변이주가 자궁경부암 유발 위험성과의 관련성은 더 많이 연구되어져야 할 것으로 사료된다. Recent studies have reported that the distribution of HPV-16 sequence variation differs geographically, and more specifically that HPV-16 E6/E7 intratypic variants might carry a high risk for development of ICC (invasive cervical cancer) and CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) in a given population. To investigate the genetic diversities of HPV-16 E6/E7 oncogene by region, we collected nineteen HPV-16 isolates from sexually high-risk women in Busan, and analyzed the HPV-16 E6/E7 coding regions (nt 34 to 880) with HPV-16 E6/E7 specific PCR amplification. At the nucleotide level, eleven variants of the E6 genes and nine variants of the E7 genes were identified as follows: E6 T178G (n=11), E6 T178A (n=1), E6 T350G (n=3), E6 A442C (n=2), E6 A104T, E6 A111G, E6 C116T, E6 G145T, E6 T183G, E6 C335T, E6 G522C and E7 A647G (n=12), E7 A645C, E7 A777C, E7 G663A, E7 T732C, E7 T760C, E7 A775T, E7 T789C and E7 T795G, respectively. At the amino acid level, the isolated HPV-16 E6 and E7 genes showed eleven E6 variants: E6 D25E (n=12), E6 L83V (n=4), E6 E113D (n=2), E6 M1L, E6 Q3R, E6 P5S, E6 Q14H, E6 D25N, E6 I27R, E6 H78Y, E6 C140S and three E7 variants: N29S (n=12), L28F, T72S. HPV16 E6 L83V, the dominant variant in the Caucasian population, showed relatively low frequencies in our study population. We elucidated that the dominant HPV-16 E6/E7 variants were HPV-16 E6 D25E (63.2%) and HPV-16 E7 N29S (63.2%), which were phylogenetically included in Asian lineage. Further study is needed to evaluate the risk of cervical cancer related HPV-16 E6/E7 intratypic variants in the Korean population.

Investigation of test performance of the dual reminder A-Not A (DR A-Not A) in comparison to 3-AFC for discriminating samples of drinking water

Mun, Ji-Won,Kim, Min-A,Sim, Hye-Min,Lee, Hye-Seong Elsevier 2019 Food quality and preference Vol.77 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Although the relative performance of sensory discrimination methods is well theorized in Thurstonian modeling and signal detection theory (SDT), empirical research is needed to investigate how such theorized models could be validated in complex sensory testing situations of food and beverages. This paper presents a practical procedure to utilize the existing SDT-based A-Not A sensory discrimination model based on a beta-strategy for detecting the off-sensory quality of samples of drinking water and validates the model for effective and efficient sensory quality management of food and beverages. Dual reminder A-Not A (DR A-Not A) using two tastings of the reference stimulus before evaluating every test stimulus is proposed as the optimal test procedure because it uses more sensitive test sequences and facilitates subjects’ familiarization with the standard quality of the reference. To test the performance of DR A-Not A, 3-AFC, which also uses three stimuli and is the recommended method for detecting odor or taste stimuli by ASTM, was used as a control method. In Experiment 1, 98 subjects each performed both DR A-Not A and 3-AFC. Based on these results, only sensitive subjects were selected for the next experiment, in which they were divided into two equally well performing groups. In Experiment 2, each group performed either DR A-Not A or 3-AFC over three repeated sessions. The results confirmed that the A-Not A beta-strategy was adopted for DR A-Not A and that its test performance was improved over replications. These results suggest that although DR A-Not A is an unspecified difference test method and does not use a forced-choice task, embedding the familiarization procedure for the reference renders it an effective sensory difference method for the sensory quality management of drinking water.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Dual reminder A-Not A(DR A-Not A) designed to detect off-sensory characteristics. </LI> <LI> This method was tested on practicality of quality management of drinking water. </LI> <LI> For using DR A-Not A with two odd stimuli, the optimal β-strategy was adopted. </LI> <LI> Performance of unspecified DR A-Not A was comparable to that of specified 3-AFC. </LI> <LI> Dual reminder scheme found to be an efficient practice to utilize SDT A-Not A model. </LI> </UL> </P>

Effect of Jaeumkanghwatang (JEKHT), a Polyherbal Formula on the Pharmacokinetics Profiles of Tamoxifen in Male SD Rats (1)

Min A Kwak,Soo Jin Park,Sung Hwan Park,Young Joon Lee,Sae Kwang Ku 대한한의학회 2016 대한한의학회지 Vol.37 No.2

소화기 ; 대전 지역에서 급성 A형 간염의 유전자형에 따른 임상 특성 고찰

이영우 ( Young Woo Lee ),양현웅 ( Hyeon Woong Yang ),이진아 ( Jin A Lee ),윤기호 ( Ki Ho Yun ),양성은 ( Seong Eun Yang ),이민지 ( Min Ji Lee ),박세영 ( Se Young Park ),김새희 ( Sae Hee Kim ),이향이 ( Hyang Ie Lee ),이윤정 ( Yun Ju 대한내과학회 2011 대한내과학회지 Vol.80 No.5

목적: B형 간염이나 C형 간염 등은 유전자형에 따른 차이가 알려져 있지만, 국내에서 증가하는 IIIA 유전자형과 기존의 IA 유전자형에 의한 간염의 차이가 거의 알려진 바 없다. 따라서 대전 지역에서 발생한 급성 A형 간염의 유전자형에 따른 차이를 알고자 한다. 방법: 2009년 11월부터 2010년 6월까지 급성 A형 간염으로 진단되면서 유전자형이 확인된 81명의 환자를 대상으로 임상적 소견들과 검사실 소견들을 전향적으로 연구하였다. 결과: 평균 나이는 32.6±7.4세이며, 평균 입원 기간은 7.7±2.4일이었다. 직업은 서비스직, 사무직 그리고 교육직이 가장 많았다. 유전자형 간의 급성 간염에 따른 증상들의 종류는 별다른 차이가 없었다. 유전자형에 따른 증상의 빈도는 IIIA 유전자형에서 구토와 설사가, IA 유전자형에서는 복통과 피부 반점이 상대적으로 많았다. 검사실 소견에서는 IIIA 유전자형에서 헤모글로빈의 평균, CRP 평균, AST 최대 수치 평균은 상대적으로 유의하게 높았다. 그리고 AST와 ALT 및 총 빌리루빈 최대 수치들과 INR의 수치가 IIIA 유전자형에서 상대적으로 높게 분포하는 경향을 보였다. 결론: 대전 지역에서 유행하는 급성 A형 간염에서 IIIA 유전자형에 따른 급성 간염은 기존의 IA 유전자형과 차이가 있을 것으로 보이며, 다기관 연구를 통한 심도 깊은 연구가 필요하겠다. Background/Aims: Acute viral hepatitis A is a major health problem in Korea and the influx of genotype IIIA is thought to be one reason. We examined the differences in the clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of genotypes IA and IIIA in Daejeon. Methods: From November 2009 to June 2010, 81 patients positive for IgM anti-HAV were enrolled prospectively. The hepatitis A was genotyped using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The clinical characteristics and laboratory results were compared on the Results: The mean patient age was 32.6±7.4 years. The mean hospitalization was 7.7±2.4 days. The patient occupation varied. Clinically, vomiting and diarrhea were relatively more prevalent in genotype IIIA than in IA. Abdominal pain and skin spots were relatively more prevalent in genotype IA than in IIIA. The hemoglobin, peak aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level, and C-reactive protein were statistically higher in genotype IIIA than in IA. The distributions of the peak AST, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total bilirubin values tended to be perched in genotype IIIA than in IA. The international normalized ratio (INR) tended to be slightly prolonged in genotype IIIA than in IA. Conclusions: Recently, genotype IIIA of acute viral hepatitis A has become prevalent in Daejeon. Hepatitis A genotype IIIA probably causes worse laboratory abnormalities than genotype IA.

나뭇잎을 모티브로한 사계(四季)의 표현

김민아,이정숙 서울여자대학교 대학원 1999 論文集 Vol.- No.7

Nature is our greatest resource. We reflect ourselves from nature and we learn to enjoy our environment to obtain peace and tranquility. We gain so much by simply observing our natural surroundings. Therefore, this study examines the leaf (trees, vegetation, etc.) and its motifs are carefully analyzed as a form of expression in art. Through this study, it was possible to reach the following conclusions : 1) The seasonal changes of the leaf motif was carefully observed. During each season, there is a change in the colour and the form. All the seasonal transformations were examined and expressed in the work. 2) The crochet technique was used to express the seasonal changes in the form and colour. This technique enabled the forms to be very free in the expression. 3) A wide variety of threads were used in the crochet. This allowed the forms to have a 3-dimensional effect. Simultaneously, it also the space effectively. The leaf forms are not only beautiful but they follow their own natural rule in their formation, growth and decay. There is a strict code of law which has to be followed. The objective of this research is to create forms from leaves to establish a natural and a peaceful feeling within our psychic. The crochet technique encouraged the work to their hands without hindrance. Therefore, it was possible to create new and interesting forms. It seems that this can be a new way of creating interesting forms and expressions.

용도지역의 공간적 특성과 범죄발생 특성 분석 연구

서민진(Min-jin Seo),서연아(Yeon-a Seo),강석진(Seok-jin Kang) 한국셉테드학회 2019 한국셉테드학회지 Vol.10 No.3

Developed at the center of the Old Downtown, J-City became a multi-centralization structure as the functions of the city center were dispersed after the creation of the innovative city, and the Old Downtown is declining due to the reduction of the floating population and the differentiation of functions. Crime data analysis shows that theft-crime hot spot are forming in the newly formed urban areas, but hot spots in the Old Downtown are also steadily maintained. In this study, the relationship between crime and spatial characteristics and physical factors was analyzed among residential Areas and commercial Areas located in the Old Downtown of J-City, based on the most frequent cases of theft in the A-Dong (Residential Areas) and B-Dong (Commercial Areas). The targeted crime was set at the center of theft (street, invasion) considered controllable by the CPTED(Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design). Physical factors to be used for analysis through prior research were classified as street characteristics, building characteristics, facilities and space characteristics, crime safety characteristics, and space characteristics. The study found that first, in the residential Areas of A-dong theft is related to emergency bell Presence or Absence and fifth major crimes are related to street-wide appropriateness, emergency bell Presence or Absence and integration, and violent crime is related to entertainment place. In particular, crime tended to increase as the degree of integration by segmented axial angle analysis was reduced. This is consistent with existing studies, which show that the centrality of space and the amount of walking (or floating population) are closely related to crime. Second, in the commercial Areas of B-dong, there was no significant relationship between theft and five major crimes with physical factors. But Violent crimes were found to be related to the state of management of the street environment, whether or not to enter a separate space, whether empty houses or public notices are available, and Presence or Absence there is a safe place (convenience store). Third, the analysis of the relationship between spatial characteristics and theft without distinction of use area showed that appropriateness of street width, cleaning and management of street, hideable obstacle, management of entrance door on the first floor, installation of barrier windows, CCTV monitoring range, lighting facility, visibility of crime facilities, entertainment center, and safe space are related to crime. The area under study is narrow and the crime sample is small, so the generalization of the results is limited. But, The significance of the research is that the differences in the physical environment of each Land Use Areas were identified and the occurrence of theft changed depending on the spatial characteristics and physical factors. In subsequent studies, it is necessary to consider the relationship of criminal occurrence by combining the characteristics of the social population along with the spatial characteristics for a wider range of use areas. 원도심을 중심으로 발달한 J시는 혁신도시조성 후 도심 기능이 분산되면서 다핵화 구조가 되었고, 유동인구 감소 및 기능의 분화로 원도심은 쇠퇴하고 있다. 범죄자료 분석결과 새로 형성된 도심지역으로 절도범죄 핫스팟이 형성되고 있지만 원도심에서의 핫스팟도 꾸준히 유지되는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 본 연구에서는 J시 원도심에 위치한 주거밀집지역과 상가밀집지역 중 절도범죄가 가장 많이 일어난 A동(주거밀집지역)과 B동(상업밀집지역)을 대상으로 범죄와 공간특성 및 물리적 요인의 관계를 분석하였다. 대상 범죄는 범죄예방디자인(Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design, CPTED)으로 통제 가능하다고 여겨지는 절도범죄(노상, 침입) 중심으로 설정하고, 선행연구고찰을 통해 분석에 사용할 물리적 요인은 가로특성, 건물특성, 시설특성, 범죄안전 특성, 공간구조 특성으로 분류하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 주거밀집지역인 A동에서 절도범죄는 비상벨 유무, 5대 범죄는 가로 폭의 적절성, 비상벨 유무, 통합도와 관계가 있으며, 폭력범죄는 유흥업소와 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 분절축선 각도분석에 의한 통합도가 낮아질수록 범죄가 증가하는 경향이 있었는데, 이는 기존 연구와 일치하는 것으로 공간의 중심성과 보행량(또는 유동인구)이 범죄와 밀접한 관련이 있음을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 상업밀집지역인 B동에서는 절도범죄와 5대 범죄는 물리적 요인과 유의미한 관계는 확인되지 않았지만, 폭력범죄는 가로환경 관리상태, 이격공간 출입통제 여부, 빈집 또는 공지여부, 안심공간(편의점) 유무가 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 용도지역을 구분하지 않고 공간적 특성과 절도범죄의 관계를 분석한 결과 가로 폭의 적절성, 가로의 청소 및 관리상태, 은신가능 장애물, 1층 출입문 관리상태, 방범창 설치여부, CCTV 감시범위, 조명시설, 방범시설 시인성, 유흥업소, 안심공간 유무 등이 범죄와 유의미한 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 연구대상 지역의 범위가 협소하고 범죄표본이 적어 결과의 일반화에 한계가 있지만 용도지역별 물리적 환경의 차이를 규명하였고, 공간적 특성 및 물리적 요인에 따라서 절도범죄 발생이 변함을 확인했다는 측면에서의 연구의 의의를 가진다. 후속 연구에서는 보다 다양한 용도지역을 대상으로 공간적 특성과 함께 사회인구적 특성을 종합하여 범죄발생의 관계를 고찰할 필요가 있다.