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Surface Modification of Block Copolymer Through Sulfur Containing Plasma Treatment
Choi, Sang Wook,Shin, Jae Hee,Jeon, Min Hwan,Mun, Jeong Ho,Kim, Sang Ouk,Yeom, Geun Young,Kim, Kyong Nam American Scientific Publishers 2015 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.15 No.10
<P>Some of the important issues of block copolymer (BCP) as an application to the potential low cost next generation lithography are thermal stability and deformation during pattern transfer process in addition to defect density, line edge/width roughness, etc. In this study, sulfur containing plasma treatment was used to modify the BCP and the effects of the plasma on the properties of plasma treated BCP were investigated. The polystyrene hole pattern obtained from polystyrene polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) was initially degraded when the polystyrene hole was annealed at 190 degrees C for 15 min. However, when the hole pattern was treated using sulfur containing plasmas using H2S or SF6 up to 2 min, possibly due to the sulfurization of the polystyrene hole surface, no change in the hole pattern was observed after the annealing even though there is a slight change in hole shapes during the plasma treatment. The optimized plasma treated polystyrene pattern showed the superior characteristics as the mask layer by showing better thermal stability, higher chemical inertness, and higher etch selectivity during plasma etching.</P>
李敏雄,申鉉成,沈在郁 동국대학교 1985 論文集 Vol.24 No.-
4 roots of 2 year old ginseng were planted in a small pot trateing with fungal pathogens, Fusarium solani, nematodes isolated from the ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) cultured soil and the two mixed inoculum respectively. Rate of infestation and nematodes distributed around the harvested host plant after 40 days was investigated. To obtained results were as follows: Each group was treated with F. solani, nematodes and mixed inoculum showed higher disease index by infestation from 3.3 to 3.8 while control group was healthy showing lower disease index of 1.2. The nematodes identified were 4 genera in control group and F. Solani inoculated group. 11 genera of nematodes including Xiphinema spp were distributed in the nematodes inoculated pot, and their numbers were higher in the population. Especially Radophalus spp, Tylenchulus spp, Meloidogyne spp, Xiphinema spp and Ditylenchus spp were numerous in their population density, but Belonolimus spp and Hemicyciophora spp were lower. Fourteen genera of nematodes were distributed in the mixed inoculation pot than only the nematodes treated group. and also the population was higher in the mixed inoculation group. The more populated genera is number were Ditylenchus spp, Paratylenchus spp, Paratylenchus spp. Hemicycliophora spp, Meloidogyne spp, Helicotylenchus spp and Tylenchorhynchus spp, but Hirschmanniella spp was less in the population density.
폐성 고혈압환자에서 Amrinone 과 Dobutamine 이 전신 및 폐순환에 미치는 영향
민상기,김민석,유은숙,방서욱,홍용우,남상범,곽영란,김명옥 대한마취과학회 1997 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.33 No.5
Background : Dobutamine and amrinone, phosphodiesterase-III inhibitor, are known to have both inotropic and vasodilatory properties. We evaluated the effects of both drugs on systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics in patients with pulmonary hypertension(PH). Methods : With Institutional Review Board approval, 45 patients whose mean pulmonary arterial pressure was greater than 30 mmHg were studied. After sternotomy under the steady state of anesthesia and controlled ventilation(30 mmHg<PaCO2<40 mmHg), patients recieved one of following drugs for 30minutes(min); dobutamine 5.0ug/kg/min(Group I), low dose amrinone(loading dose 1.0 mg/kg, followed by infusion 7.5 g/kg/min, Group II) or high dose amrinone (loading dose 2.0 mg/kg, followed by infusion 10 g/kg/min, Group III). Hemodynamic variables were measured at 10 min and 30 min after start of infusion. Results : Dobutamine didn't decrease pulmonary arterial pressure(PAP) and cause no hemodynamic change while low and high dose amrinone reduced PAP and especcial decrease of PAP in low dose amrinone group was statistically significnat. High dose amrinone increased cardiac index(CI) and decreased both systemic vascular resistance index(SVRI) and central venous pressure(CVP) more significantly than control value. Conclusions : In patients with chronic right ventricular failure associated with PH, amrinone may decrease the PAP and improve cardiac performance more effectively than dobutamin does. Increment of dosage of amrinone may not result in significant reduction of PAP. (Korean J Anesthesiol 1997; 33: 928∼936)
Park, Min-Ouk,Seol, Dong-Won,Im, Soo-Yeon,Hur, Woo-June,Park, In-Seok The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2007 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.10 No.4
Survival, tag retention and tag readability were compared among the control and three treatment groups of soft-shelled turtles, Pelodiscus sinensis Crother, 2000 (mean body $weight{\pm}SD$: $182.6{\pm}13.7\;g$), marked with visible implant fluorescent elastomer (VIFE) tags for 16 months. Mortality 4 to 16 months after tagging was attributed to collection and handling stress rather than to the tagging itself. Tags applied to the web surface between the fourth and fifth dactyl of the hindfoot appeared to have the highest retention rates, while adipose eyelid tagging had high tag readability but a high loss rate. We conclude that in soft-shelled turtles, the most suitable region for VIFE tagging is on the web surface between the fourth and fifth dactyls of the hindfoot.