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Michiko Akita 한국정부학회 2010 한국정부학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2010 No.12
Curitiba, is the capital of the State Of Parana, located in the southern Brazil, is the seventh city in population containing approximately 1,8million inhabitants and an area of 432km2. The city began planning in 1940``s where there was formulating a master plan, valuing the deployment of squares and parks in the city. All the planning converge to integrate the urban development, public transportation and environmental conservation, in order to provide quality of life for citizens of Curitiba. The environmental sustainability of the planet necessarily passes through the sustainability of cities. All this planning allowed Curitiba to have: 35 Units of Conservation, among Parks and Forests, covering an area of 11,957,837.00 m2, 3,500,000.00 of these massive forest regions, 77.7 million m2 of massive forest regions was accounted in 2005, covering an area equivalent to 18% of the total city area, 342 different species of birds observed and cataloged, 300 000 trees in the road system and 51.5 square meters of green area per inhabitant. Environmental education is always included in the preparation of projects and in their implementation.Undoubtedly, the planning of which I spoke, is of great importance, but nothing would have been worth it if we had the support of the population of Curitiba. Is not an easy task. Today, I confess to you that on some projects that we have developed, the most difficult part is finding the right approach to engage the population. Without the engagement of the population, is very likely that the project will not succeed. The objective of this presentation is to demonstrate the major environmental programs of the City of Curitibaandtoemphasizetheengagementofourpopulation. Michiko Akita has been working at the Fukuoka Prefectural government since 1995, and has been in the New Industry and the Technical Promoting Division since 2008. She took charge of the Secretariat of the "Fukuoka hydrogen energy strategy conference", and has been involved mainly with the "Fukuoka Personnel Training Centerfor Hydrogen Energy" and the "Fukuoka hydrogen town".
Fourier Analysis of Maxillary Dental Arch Forms
Michiko Nakatsuka(나카츠카 미치코),Tohru Tsujibayashi(쯔지바야시 토오루),Shunji Kumabe(쿠마베 슌지),Seong-Suk Jue(주성숙),Je-Won Shin(신제원),Yasutomo Iwai-Liao(이와이 야스토모) 대한체질인류학회 2008 해부·생물인류학 (Anat Biol Anthropol) Vol.21 No.2
사람 위이틀활의 기준점, 기준선, 기준각을 이용한 연구를 통하여 전치부의 형태와 이틀활의 형태 사이에 유의한 관계가 있음을 알게 되었다. 이에 사람 위이틀활 형태 결정에 영향을 미치는 필수요소들 사이의 관계를 밝히기 위하여 사람 위이틀활 모델 62개의 형태를 푸리에 급수를 사용하여 비교 검토하였다. 푸리에 급수의 상수 및 제 1 주파수의 진폭은 각 형태간에 통계적으로 유의성 있는 차이를 관찰할 수 없었지만 제 2 주파수에서 제 4 주파수까지의 진폭에서는 각 형태간에 유의성 있는 차이를 관찰할 수 있었다. 또한 상수는 앞니부분의 폭경, 이틀활의 폭경 및 이틀활의 길이와 각각 정비례 관계를 보였다. 이상의 결과로 보아, 사람 위이틀활의 형태는 앞니부분으로부터 어금니부분으로의 이행부의 형태가 관여하고 있는 것으로 생각된다. Our previous principal component analysis conducting on reference points, lines and angles, and a vector-developed polar coordinate system has elucidated that the components of eigenvectors had positive relationships in the curvature of anterior teeth segment, between the protrusion of canines and degree of arch roundness, and in the length-to-width ratio of 62 maxillary dentitions, which were preliminarily classified with reference to the conventional Thompson’s morphological descriptions for dental arch forms. In the present study on morphological characters of the maxillary dentitions, we conducted a Fourier analysis on the previously obtained data. We observed that the amplitude of 2<SUP>nd</SUP>, 3<SUP>rd</SUP> and 4<SUP>th</SUP> Fourier harmonics were closely correlated with the length-to-width ratio, curvature of the anterior teeth segment, and the curvilinear contour of maxillary dental arches. In addition, the relationships between previously estimated data and the constant value and the amplitude of the Fourier series were examined by analysis of correlation coefficients(p<0.01). The results of the present study suggest that the morphology of maxillary dentitions consists of three essentials-the length-to-width ratio, the curvature of anterior teeth and the curvilinear contour of dental arches.
Old English Metres of Boethius - How to Accept the Consolation of Philosophy in an Alliterating Form
Michiko Ogura 한국영어학학회 2006 영어학연구 Vol.- No.22
Boethius’ De Consolatione Philosophiae is one of the literary works most widely read and translated in medieval Europe. Translating great works of Latin into Anglo-Saxon in order to enlighten both the learned and the lay must have been an exacting but challenging task for Alfred, and we modern readers enjoy such expanded interpretations of the original context as he intended to teach the clergy first and then to let them further explain the meaning to the laymen of that period of time. Consolatione deals with such general themes as life, death, love, hate, anger, grief, comfort, happiness in the past, etc. that no wonder the work was globalised even in Wessex, a very corner of medieval Europe. In this paper, I try to examine the Metres of Boethius (hereafter the Metres) from various viewpoints, using the Metre 11 as a specimen, though the investigation has been done with all Metres.
Evaluation of MAPK pathway activation in brainstem induced by the masseter muscle inflammation
Michiko Nakatsuka,Shunji Kumabe,Shoko Gamoh,Hironori Akiyama,주성숙,김지연,Katsura Ueda,Yoshifumi Matsuda,Kimishige Shimizutani,신제원,Yasutomo Iwai 대한구강해부학회 2014 대한구강해부학회지 Vol.35 No.1
To evaluate the inflammatory hyperalgesia induced by noxious stimulation of the masticatory muscles, we performed an immunohistochemical study on the expressions of phosphorylated-p38 (p-p38) mitogen activated-protein kinase (MAPK) and the distribution of activated microglia in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc). The left masseter muscle (LMM) of Sprague Dawley rats (male, 250 g, n=60) was stimulated in the following methods: 1) L-L group (control); the LMM was injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 2 μg/kg, 100μl) on the 1st day of the experiment. On day 2, the same site was injected with the LPS again. 2) L-S6 group (experimental); the LMM was injected with LPS (2 μg/kg, 100μl) on the 1st day of the experiment. On day 2, the same site was injected with 6 % sodium chloride solution (S6, 100 μl, 5 times per 90 min). Rats were allowed to survive for 1 day, 7 days or 14 days after the last injection. The brainstems were dissected and cut with a cryostat (at 30 μm thickness). These specimens were investigated with anti-TNFα (masseter muscle), the bradykinin receptor B2 (BKRB2, masseter muscle), anti-p-p38 MAPK (brainstem) and anti-Iba1 (ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1: Iba1, a marker for microglial activity; brainstem) enzyme-labeled antibody method. The specimens were observed and evaluated using a light microscope(LM) mounted with an Olympus FX380 3CCD digital camera system connected with a FLvFs software (Flovel Image Filling System, Tokyo, Japan). In both groups, the TNF-α and the BKRB2-immunoreactive (IR) cells were observed until 7 days after stimulation. In the experimental group, the LM histology indicates that p-p38 MAPK and Iba1-IR cells were particularly localized in the left Vc until 14 days after stimulation. In the experimental group, 7 days or 14 days after nociception, the p-p38 MAPK-IR cells were recognized in the contralateral and ipsilateral in the Vc. The results suggest that the prolonged MAPK activity in the Vc is related to central sensitization in chronic pain of the masseter muscle.
Experimental Testing of Feature Struetures and Unification
( Michiko Nakano ) 한국언어정보학회 1994 국제 워크샵 Vol.1994 No.-
This paper presents two experiments where feature structures and unification provide an explanatory framework for what has been called illusory conjune-tions in visual perception. Feature Structures and Uni-fication has been suecessfully applied to computational analyses of natural languages. However, this efficient computational technique has not been experimentally tested among human subjects. This is an attempt to sshow some psychological validity for the notion of fea-ture structures and unification.