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정미애(Jung, Miae) 연세대학교 동서문제연구원 2012 동서연구 Vol.24 No.1
본고는 2011년 3월 11일 일본에서 발생한 동일본대지진 이후에 나타난 일본 시민사회의 대응상황을 살펴보고, 이에 대한 시사점과 한계를 고찰함으로써 동일본대지진 이후 일본 시민사회를 거버 넌스적 관점에서 재조명하고, 이에 따른 일본 사회의 변화를 전망한다. 시민사회의 대응에서는 공적 부문과 시민사회의 협력조직인 <재해볼론티어센터>와 자발적 조직인 <동일본대지진 지원 전국네트워크>의 활동내용을 살펴보고, 아울러 동일본대지진 발생 직후 가장 신속한 대응을 보인 일본 최대의 소비자조직인 일본생협연합회에 대해 조명한다. 이를 통해 시민사회의 대응에서 새로운 형태의 자원봉사활동 유형으로 자리잡아가고 있는 ‘볼런티어 버스’와 자원봉사활동의 효율 성을 높이기 위한 기반정비의 중요성에 주목한다. 또한 재해지역에서 각국 정부에 의해 이루어지는 지원활동이 갖는 중요성에 비추어 일본 ‘재해외교’의 인프라인 재팬플랫폼에 대해 살펴본다. The Great East Japan Earthquake and the following tsunami, occurred on March 11 2011, have severely damaged Tohoku and the neighboring areas. Japan’s troubles were more deepened by the unexpected accident on the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Plant. In these difficult circumstances, some highly specialized volunteer organizations have played an important role in helping the troubled residents. They managed to dispatch their members to the disaster areas immediately for offering aids to the victims. This paper examines the activities of volunteers and voluntary organizations after the Great East Japan Earthquake. In this paper, I focus on three organizations: <Japan Civil Network (JCN)>, <Disaster Volunteer Centers>, and <Japanese Consumers’ Co-operative Union (JCCU)>. While the JCN, established after twenty days of the earthquake, is the largest and well-organized national network of NGOs for helping disaster victims, <Disaster Volunteer Centers> are public-private partnership organizations between local authorities and civic groups. The JCCU has responded more quickly than any other organizations in helping disaster victims. In addition, this paper also examines ‘Volunteer Bus’, a new type of volunteer activities of the Japanese civil society, and <Japan Platform>, a plan for so-called ‘disaster diplomacy’ among Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Keidanren (Japan Business Federation), and the NGOs. From a point of the governance concept, these new phenomena after the Great East Japan Earthquake are the evidence of changing features in the Japanese civil society. In this research, I would like to reveal the significance and limitation of the Japanese civil society.
일본의 단일민족국가관에서 다문화공생으로의 인식변화와 다문화공생의 거버넌스
정미애(Miae Jung) 한국정치학회 2011 한국정치학회보 Vol.45 No.4
소수민족의 존재에도 불구하고 오랫동안 단일민족국가관이 지배해왔던 일본은 혈통주의에 근거하여 일본국민과 외국인이라는 단순 이분법적인 관점을 유지하면서 ‘외국인의 정주화’를 저지하는 정책으로 일관해왔다. 그러나 재일외국인을 외국인노동자의 ‘활용’ 혹은 재류 ‘관리’의 관점에서만 대응해온 일본정부의 외국인정책은 저출산·고령화로 인한 인구감소와 노동력 부족이라는 위기상황과 외국인의 수적 증가 및 장기체재화, 정주화 경향에 따라 변화할 수밖에 없게 된다. 이에 따라 일본정부는 2000년대에 들어서면서부터 외국인은 일시적 존재라는 인식에서 벗어나 ‘다문화공생’을 위한 조건정비에 나섰다. 그러나 일본정부가 다문화공생을 정책적으로 추진하기에 앞서 시민사회와 지방자치단체 차원에서 다문화공생을 위한 활동과 제도 정비가 일찍부터 이루어지고 있었다. 결국 일본정부의 다문화 공생시책은 아래로부터의 변화를 수용한 결과이며 중앙정부가 사회변화에 가장 늦게 대응한 경우라고 할 수 있다. 본고는 차별적 포섭과 배제의 틀을 유지해왔던 일본의 외국인정책이 다문화공생정책으로 변화하고 있는 현시점에서 다문화공생정책의 실시주체로서의 중앙정부, 지방자치단체, 시민사회의 외국인에 대한 인식의 차이와 각각의 시책 및 활동에 대한 조사를 통해 다문화공생의 거버넌스를 분석하는 데 초점을 맞추고 있다. The Japanese people has widespreadly believed Japan as a homogeneous nation for a long time, although there were several minority groups. However, nowadays the Japanese society faces the necessity of having to change its dogmatic belief to multiculturalism, because of increasing foreign residents and decreasing of population. In response to this demographic change, the Japanese government has set out on the Multicultural Coexistence Policy since 2005. This paper focuses on the governance of the Multicultural Coexistence Policy in Japan, because the recent Japanese multiculturalism has grown with this policy’s evolution. However, this transformation in the governance of Multicultural Coexistence Policy has not been led by central government. Instead, reformative municipalities and progressive civil society organizations have played a central role in promoting multiculturalism in contemporary Japan. Therefore, this paper examines roles of three main actors-central government, local municipalities, and civil society organizations-in developing the Japanese governance of the Multicultural Coexistence Policy.
정일영(Ilyoung Jung),정미애(Miae Jung),윤정섭(Jungsub Yoon),송명진(Myung Jin Song),박병원(Byeong-Won Park),윤정현(Junghyun Yoon),김가은(Gaeun Kim),김지은(Jieun Kim),추수진(Soojin Choo),손은정(Eunjung Son),시새롬(Saerom Si),황윤하(Yunha 과학기술정책연구원 2021 정책연구 Vol.- No.-
Korean society is experiencing a severe level of polarization that has not been experienced before in the overall society and in each area of industry due to the prolonged aftermath of COVID-19. The polarization phenomenon in society as a whole is a factor that accelerates the imbalance between individuals and groups, and between metropolitan areas and regions. Therefore, This study has two research questions related to the prospect of polarization in the post-corona era that Korean society is facing from a mid- to long-term perspective. - What are the aspects of polarization that Korean society is likely to face? - What is the policy direction that should be prepared at the system level, which is closely related to the key drivers of deepening this polarization? The scope of this study was focused on digital, which has accelerated the non-face-to-face society and is a driving force for polarization in the COVID-19 situation, region in the spatial sense where polarization occurs, and company. This study was conducted in part 1 and part 2. Part 1 predicts the polarization of the post-corona era. Chapter 2 looked at the concepts of inequality and polarization for the future outlook of polarization, and dealt with methodologies and research methods for polarization projections. In Chapters 3 to 5, policy alternatives were derived by analyzing the current situation of digital, regional and corporate polarization, and predicting the future. A future theme based on big data was derived, and citizen workshops and surveys were conducted based on this. In addition, we imagined the future of polarization through sci-fi ultra-short stories and illustrations. Finally, policy alternatives for each module were proposed. Chapter 6, Comprehensive Prospects and Conclusions, draws on the previously discussed future vision as one, and examines the mid- to long-term policy direction for resolving it through the system causal map. Part 2 is about building a knowledge base for future research and disseminating results. In order to proceed with this study, a future issue search program system was used, and a knowledge base for future research was established through a network of related experts. In order to spread the results of future research to society, 『Future Horizon+』 was published, and a book is about to be published.
사회문제 해결형 R&D사업에의 사회혁신조직 참여 활성화 방안
송위진(Wichin Song),성지은(Jieun Seong),정미애(Miae Jung),김수은(Sueun Kim) 과학기술정책연구원 2020 정책연구 Vol.- No.-
Social problem-solving R&D projects are being institutionalized as a new type of R&D project. Since these projects are aimed at solving social problems, the participation of “social innovation organizations” is indispensable in the process of project promotion. However, social innovation organizations have insufficient ability to cope with systems related to participation in R&D projects. As a result, the promotion of social problem-solving R&D projects or the spread of project’s results are delayed, making it difficult to create social impact. In order to enhance the participation of social innovation organizations in social problem-solving R&D projects, a systematic study of policy measures that can lead to active participation of them is required. To this end, this study attempts to derive a best-practice model for social problem-solving R&D projects, and analyze cases of social innovation organizations" participation in social problem-solving R&D projects. In addition, it is intended to suggest policy measures for enhancing the participation of social innovation organizations and realizing social impacts.