심근경색 모델 흰쥐에서 스트레스가 B-type Natriuretic Peptide 발현 및 심박변이율 변화에 미치는 영향

이삼윤(Sam Youn Lee),이미경(Mi Kyoung Lee),김남호(Nam-ho Kim),주민철(Min Cheol Joo),조항정(Hyang Jeong Jo),강지숙(Ji Sook Kang),김병숙(Byung Sook Kim),윤선식(Sun Sik Yoon),최을식(Eul Sig Choi),이문영(Moon Young Lee) 대한스트레스학회 2010 스트레스硏究 Vol.18 No.3

심박변이율의 감소는 심근 경색 환자에서 예후의 악화와 관련되어 있다. 심박변이율 중 very low frequency가 심부전환자의 예후를 판단할 수 있는 독립적 인자로서 사용이 가능하다고 보고된 바 있으며, 심실의 압력 증가에 반응해서 생성되는 B-type natriuretic peptide가 심근 경색의 예후 인자로서 사용할 수 있음 역시 보고된 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 심근경색 모델을 제작하여 일정의 회복 기간을 거친 다음 다시 일정 기간의 스트레스를 겪게 한 후 심박변이율의 변화 및 심실 조직에서의 BNP 발현 정도를 비교하여 스트레스에 의한 영향을 관찰하고자 하였다. Sprague-Dawley계 수컷 흰쥐 15마리를 대상으로 하였다. 실험동물은 인위적 스트레스 및 수술을 받지 않은 대조군(CON, n=5), 심근경색 수술을 받은 후 restraint stress를 받지 않은 군(MI+No Stress, n=5), 심근경색 수술을 받은 후 1주일 동안 restraint stress를 받은 군(MI+Stress, n=5)으로 분류하였다. 심근경색 모델 제작 직후 15분 이상 심전도의 변화를 기록하였으며, 2개월 정도 후 심근경색 수술을 받은 동물을 두 군으로 나누어 그 중 한 군에는 1주일 동안 restraint stress를 가한 후 restraint stress를 가하지 않은 동물과 심박변이율을 비교 분석하였다. 심실 조직은 좌심실 전벽 부위의 위축을 관찰할 수 있었고, 대식세포에 의하여 응고, 괴사된 심근세포의 탐식과 혈관이 풍부한 육아조직 및 섬유 변화를 볼 수 있었다. 심박변이율은 심근경색 수술을 받은 직후 심박수는 유의한 증가를 보였고, standard deviation of the normal to normal intervals (SDNN), very low frequency (VLF) 및 low frequency (LF)의 유의한 감소를 보였다. 심근경색 수술을 받았던 동물에서 두 달 정도의 회복 기간을 거친 후 스트레스를 받지 않은 군은 심박수 및 기타 심박변이율 분석에서 SDNN 값을 제외하고는 정상군과 유의한 차이를 관찰할 수 없었던 반면 1주일 동안 스트레스를 받은 군에서는 심박수가 다시 유의하게 증가했을 뿐만 아니라 SDNN, VLF 및 LF 역시 정상군과 유의한 차이를 보였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 심근경색 동물에 대해 1주일 동안 스트레스를 가한 결과 심박변이율이 감소하고 심실에서의 BNP 발현은 더욱 증가하여 악화함을 보여주고 있다. Diminished heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with less favorable prognosis after myocardial infarction (MI). It has been reported that very low frequency (VLF) power in HRV analysis is an independent risk predictor in patients with congestive heart failure and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) can be used as a prognostic factor of MI. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether stress has an effect to the changes of BNP expression and/or heart rate variability in MI model in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups: control group (CON), MI group (MI+No Stress), and MI followed by stress group (MI+Stress). MI+Stress group rats were raised for a two month recovery period after the operation, followed by being exposed to restraint stress for 2 hours per day for 1 week. Electrocardiogram was recorded after the operation and the last day after 1 week of stress. The frequency components of HRV were calculated in the frequency domain such as VLF, low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF) and so on. In HRV analysis, standard deviation of the normal to normal intervals (SDNN) was significantly reduced in both groups compared to the control group. VLF and LF also were significantly reduced in MI+Stress group compared to the control groups. In addition, BNP expression in western blotting was shown the strongest bands in MI+ Stress group among experimental groups. These results suggest that BNP and HRV were aggravated by stress in MI rat model. (Korean J Str Res 2010;18:275∼285)

알코올의 섭취가 흰쥐의 혈액과 간의 지질대사에 미치는 영향

이명숙,김영연,김효숙,김매하,전진순,서진숙,송선미,양영재,윤원손,이미라,이효영,정승현 誠信女子大學校 生活文化硏究所 2004 生活文化硏究 Vol.18 No.-

To investigate the effects of ethanol on the lipid metabolism in blood and liver, twenty one male Sprague Dawley rats had orally taken the 25% alcohol and 50% alcohol by 5g per Kg of weight during 3 weeks after the adjusting period. For the energy balance, 85% sucrose and 45% sucrose was added in control group and 25% alcohol group each. The weight was reduced by alcohol treatment according to the levels, otherwise the weight of liver and heart was little increased in alcohol groups rather than in control without significance. Moreover, RBC, WBC, hemoglobin and hematocrit were increased by alcohol treatment according to the levels without significance. Otherwise, adjusted bilirubin levels by 100g of weight was significantly increased by alcohol treatment dose dependently. Alcohol induced RBC degradation and increased circulated bilirubin because of liver damage. For blood lipid profiles, blood cholesterol was increased in 50% of alcohol group compared to that of 25% and control groups, otherwise, blood triglycerides (TG) was increased by 30% in 25% alcohol groups rather than in control but not significantly different. The hepatic lipid composition, cholesterol levels in alcohol treatment groups was lower than those in control. The hepatic TG was not influenced by alcohol treatment. The two reasons of decreasing hepatic lipids were suggested by 85% sucrose of control for energy balance more synthesized cholesterol and TG than those in 25 or 50% alcohol groups, and by cholesterol and TG could not be synthesized because of liver damage from alcohol.

콩아이스크림의 상품화를 위한 고정화 효소의 이용

이숙영,이현옥,노숙령,김기숙,이복희,박미정 중앙대학교 생활과학연구소 2002 생활과학논집 Vol.15 No.-

The study was to investigate the functional properties of soy protein isolate hydrolyzed by immobilized α-chymotrypsin and the quality characteristics of soy ice cream made by the soy protein isolate treated with immobilized α-chymotrypsin. Up to the hydrolysis rate of 22.9%, treatement by immobilized α-chymotrypsin costed more time than that of α-chymotrypsin. Foam and emulsion capacity were decreased by the number of repetitive usage. Apparent viscosity and overrun of soy ice cream treated with immobilized α-chymotrypsin and α-chymotrypsin were shown similar tendency. In the sensory characteristics, soy ice cream by enzyme treatment was evaluated as much acceptable than untreacted soy ice cream in the item of beany flavor, icy feel and overall quality. For efficient use of immobilized α-chymotrypsin industrially, α-chymotrypsin immobilized on glass beads can be reused for about 11 times more than α-chymotrypsin.

자유주제 : 『사랑과 죄』의 여성 인물 주체 형성 과정과 인물묘사방법 -『광분』의 인물들과의 비교를 중심으로-

조미숙 ( Mi Sook Jo ) 한국현대문예비평학회 2015 한국문예비평연구 Vol.- No.47

이 글은 염상섭 소설 『사랑과 죄』에 나타난 인물묘사방법을 통해 여성인물들의 타자화를 통한 주체 구성 양상을 『광분』과의 연속성 안에서 알아보는 것이다. 『사랑과 죄』의 지순영은 환경의 객관화, 무자각, 신념의 포기, 무지, 소극성, 이기적 자기애 등을 극복하며 바람직한 주체를 구성해 나갔다. 반면 정마리아와 『광분』의 숙정, 경옥 등은 허영과 자기만이 옳다는 독선을 비체화하지 못하고 이기적 자기애 안에 머물렀다. 여성 인물들 모두가 비슷한 불우환경에서 자랐으나 말로가 판이하게 달라진다는 것에서 비체화 양상에 따라 매우 다른 방식의 주체가 형성되는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 이러한 양상은 작가의 인물묘사방법을 통하여 잘 드러나게 된다. 바라보는 주체는 작가의 동일시가 겹쳐져 종종작가의 이야기하기, 직접묘사방식을 통하여 묘사하고 있고 보여지는 존재로서의 인물들, 작가가 동일시하기 어려운 인물들은 간접묘사와 작가의 비아냥거리기 방식으로 그려짐을 알 수 있다. 비슷한 시기에 쓰인 『사랑과 죄』, 『광분』의 등장인물들의 주체 형성 과정에는 여러 차이점이 있다. 우선 주체 비중이 약화된다. 염상섭은 『사랑과 죄』에서 선명한 주동인물을 설정하고 반동인물과의 갈등을 해결하여 나가는 구조를 사용했다. 『광분』에는 『진주는 주었으나』 이후 여러 작품에서 반복하여 보이는 이른바 ‘모색하는 지식인’의 면모를 보이는, 작가의 분신 같은 남성 인물이 없다. 다음으로, 타자가 강화된다. 결국 『사랑과 죄』에서 『광분』에 이르는 과정은 염상섭 인물의 주체 의식 변화, 특히 여성 주체 형성 모색 과정으로 요약된다. This article is to examine the pattern of Othernization and Subjectivity Inherent Women character through the characterization of which are shown in Love and Sin, Gwangbun of Yeom Sang-seop’s novels. JiSoonYoung went to Othernization and configure the desired subject the objectification of the environment, no self-awareness, the abandonment of faith, ignorance, passivity, selfish and narcissistic. Whereas Jung Mary, Sook-Jung, Kyung-Ok etc. vanity and self-correct, but does not Othernization and stayed in a selfish narcissistic. Every female figures grew up in similar difficult circumstances. But their conclusion is very different. Through this, we can see that the subject of a very different manner formed according to Othernization aspect. These are good through portraiture reveals how the artist. Subject seeing things is a character that identifies by the artist. Therefore, the artist depicted them to telling, through the direct characterization. This figure is shown as present, whereas they did not identify the author. Writers have portrayed them as indirect characterization and sarcastic.

市乳의 市場現況 및 成分調査

김영숙,신재숙,이영숙,최미숙 연세대학교 생활과학대학 1975 婦學 Vol.8 No.-

1) 연간 소비량은 계속 현저한 증가추세이며, 가공유와의 소비비율은 절반으로 조정되어 가는 실정이다. 2) 배달을 통해 정기적으로 우유를 구입하지 않는 소비자는 보급소에서 직접 구입하는 것이 경제적이고 위생적이다. 3) 시유의 값은 1홉당 1967년 13.51원에서 1973년 25.32원으로 그동안 187% 올랐다. 4) 시유 시료별 성분조성의 차이는 지방함럄이 3.2~3.7%로 가장 심하고, 다른 고형분은 거의 비슷하다. 5) 병우유는 많은 세균수가 나타나고 있으므로 하루를 넘기지 않는 것이 좋다.

발관리 교육프로그램이 노인 당뇨병 환자의 발관리 이행과 족부합병증에 미치는 효과

노영숙,전시자,권연숙,임미숙,심강희 노인간호학회 2007 노인간호학회지 Vol.9 No.2

Purpose : Diabetic foot complications are significant problems in diabetes mellitus and often result in lower extremity amputation. This study was conducted to verify the effects of foot care education on compliance with foot care and diabetic foot complications when the patient is an elder with diabetes. Method: A group pretest-posttest design was used to examine the effects of 6 months of foot care education with a group of 13 elders with diabetes. The major dependent variables including foot care compliance and diabetic foot complications were measured at the beginning and end of the treatment period to examine the effects of foot care education. Result : There were no significant differences in total foot care compliance scores and presence of diabetic foot complication after 6 months, Conclusion : Interventions involving problem based education and pursuing long-time effects may be more effective in implementing and sustaining improvements than just group education or one time interventions for elders with diabetes.

일개 대학 병원 종사자의 직종별 직무스트레스 수준

심미선,이강숙,홍현숙,이경숙 가톨릭대학교 산업의학센터 2000 韓國의 産業醫學 Vol.39 No.4

This study was carried out to find out the job stress factors, coping skill, stress symptom, stress results at a university hospital workers and to develop the goal of health promotion including stress management program. The data for job stress were collected from 61 doctors, 141 nurses, and 84 assistant-nurses in a university from March, 2000 to April, 2000. The results of the study were summarized as follows; 1.The stress scores from job internal factors were highest in doctor group for variety, in nurse group for significance, and assistant-nurse group for identity. 2.The hospital workers felt high stress from promotion and salary but there was no difference from professional groups. There were significant differences in interpersonal relation and organizational norm between nurse and assistant-nurse group and in job-home conflict between doctor and assistant-nurse group. 3.The stress symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and physical symptom were highest in assistant-nurse group. 4.The coping skill was highest in nurse group. 5.The result of stress such as work performance, job involvement and organization commitment was highest in nurse group. The intention to change the job was highest in doctor group. 6.The stress scores had positive correlations with various symptoms. In conclusion, the hospital workers felt high stress from job, interpersonal relation, and organizational norm. In order to relive the stress, the stress management program including to improve coping skill and strategy would be necessary.

염상섭의 인물 유형과 인물묘사방법론 - 『백구』를 중심으로 -

조미숙 ( Jo Mi-sook ) 한국현대문예비평학회 2017 한국문예비평연구 Vol.- No.53

소설에서 서사에 비해 묘사는 덜 중요하게 여겨져 왔고 그 연구도 비교적 적다. 그러나 인물묘사방법은 서구에서는 15세기부터 관심을 가져온, 소설의 `진실성`에 더없이 중요한 개념이다. 인물묘사방법은 주제의식과도 관련될 수 있다. 이 글은 에니어그램에 의한 소설 등장인물 분석의 시론으로서 인물을 유형화하고 그 각각의 인물묘사방법 양상을 살펴보려는 목적을 가지고 있다. 에니어그램의 여러 유형으로 염상섭 『백구』의 인물들을 분석해 본 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 등장인물은 비교적 적으나 머리형, 가슴형, 장형 인물이 고르게 분포한다. 머리형에는 박영식, 조혜숙 등 사색가형 인물들을 들 수 있고 가슴형에는 원랑, 조종호 등을, 장형에는 유경호, 원랑 모친 등을 들 수 있다. 둘째, 염상섭 인물들은 반복되면서도 변화가 보인다. 1유형의 김병화 유형, 5유형의 조덕기 유형, 이필순 유형에서 그 반복을 볼 수 있고 사색가형 인물의 예처럼 큰 변화도 나타난다. 셋째, 남성 주인공상이 크게 변화하고 서사에서 사라지기도 한다. 조덕기 유형 인물들이 우유부단하고 자조적이며 모든 것에 무관심한 박영식으로 변화되는 것은 강점기 안정된 삶이 힘들다는 작가의 인식이 반영된다. 넷째, 인물묘사방법상 특징은 머리형 인물은 설명이나 내면묘사를 비롯하여 다양하게 묘사되고 가슴형 인물은 작가의 편들기가 많으며 본능형 인물들은 생략이 많거나 거의 없다는 것이다. 삼부작 속 신여성들은 이전의 신여성상에 비해 긍정적으로 그려지는 바, 『백구』에서 더욱 뚜렷해졌다. 다섯째, 염상섭 작품에서 에니어그램의 모든 인물이 고루 발달하지는 못하고 특정 유형으로 치우친다. 모든 일을 낙관적으로 보려 하며 밝고 명랑한 7유형 팔방미인형이나 혼란을 수습하고 좋은 환경을 만들어 가는, 평화주의자 9유형이 없다. 이것은 작가가 강점 하 시대상황을 바라보는 시각을 보여준다. This paper examines the types of characters by focusing on the personality types based on enneagram, and examines the characterization methods of each person. In novels, depiction is considered less important than narrative, and the research is relatively small. However, the method of portraying character(characterization) is an important concept in the `truthfulness` of the novel, which has attracted attention from the 15th century in the West. Direct definition or indirect presentation of person description methods are all related to the artist `s speech. Objective and realistic portrayal of characters can also be related to theme consciousness. As a result of analyzing the characters in various types of enneagram, First, the characters of Bekgu are evenly distributed in hair, chest, and long form. There are figures in the head type such as Park Young Sik and Jo Hye Sook. The chest type includes Wonrang and Jo, Jongho. There are Yoo Kyung-ho, mother-in-law and so on. Second, the characters appear repeatedly. 1 type of Kim Byung-hwa series, and 5 types of Jo deok-ki series. Third, the characters change in each type. Joe deok-ki → Lee Won-young → Park Young-sik, for example, is a specially-trained person. Fourth, there is a characteristic in the person description method. Hair figures are described in a variety of ways, including descriptions and inner descriptions. The chest type person has many sideways of the artist. The instinctive characters have many omissions or little descriptions. Fifth, all the characters of the enneagram were not developed well in Yeon Sang-Sup. There are four types of motivational types: seven types, eight types, and nine types of pacifists.

대학생들의 떡에 대한 기호도 및 이용현황

이현옥,노숙령,김기숙,이숙영,이복희,박미정 중앙대학교 생활과학연구소 2002 생활과학논집 Vol.15 No.-

The survey study was conducted to investigate the rice cake consumption pattern including the frequency of intake and the degree of preference and the area of improvement for Korean rice cake among college students. About the motive for purchases of rice cake, 'taste is good(43.3%)' was the highest, and 'eat as a snack' the next (42.9%). The reason which does not eat the rice cake frequently was uncomfortable to eat (24.1%), insipid(21.4%), not variously assorted(17.9%) in the order named. The college students surveyed were eating rice cake as a snack mainly. They wanted the rice cake to be charmed and be in pretty shape, and fusion style for gift. And they wanted to be rice cake more sweetened and cool taste like ice cream. Therefore, traditional rice cake is required for further research for the development of product which is more acceptable for the young adults.

신규간호사와 프리셉터가 인지하는 프리셉터의 교수효율성 비교

김지양,김영선,김춘실,박현숙,신미영,윤연숙,조유숙,박미미,유문숙 한국간호과학회 간호행정학회 2009 간호행정학회지 Vol.15 No.2

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare preceptors and new graduate nurses on their perception of preceptor teaching effectiveness. Methods: The participants were 90 new nurses and 90 preceptors who worked in A medical center. The data were collected from July 1 to September 30, 2008. A cross-sectional descriptive survey was done using a structured questionnaire. Results: New nurses' perception (4.07±.44) of the preceptor teaching effectiveness was significantly higher than perception of the preceptors (3.57±.37). Fifty five percent of new graduate nurses reported a lack of coherence in the preceptor's practice guidelines. For 5 causal factors classified on the teaching effectiveness, the factor of 'Professional knowledge and ability' showed the highest score, but 'Interpersonal and communication skill' got lowest score for both group. Preceptors responded that they did not have enough time to teach well because of their heavy workloads. Conclusions: These results suggest that the preceptors need appropriate compensation and education opportunities, and new graduate nurses need consistent education by the teaching professionals. Therefore, it is important to give preceptors full charge of the preceptorship. Also, it will be necessary to develop education programs to enhance interpersonal and communication skill for preceptors and new nurses.