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김병우,류지근,박우진,박계원,김미정,임지은,백대현,최재덕,최윤호,이가현,이관,김덕수 東國大學校醫學硏究所 2002 東國醫學 Vol.9 No.1
수면, 기억 그리고 학습의 연관성은 실제 매우 복잡하다. 많은 연구에도 불구하고 명확한 연구결과는 아직 없다. 우리는 이 연구에서 평소와는 달리 시험 전날 수면 변화 양상이 집중력에 어느 정도 영향력을 미치는지 알아보고자 하였고, 이를 이용해 효율적인 수면 관리를 할 수 있는 기초자료로 삼고자 하였다. 동국대 의대 본과 1학년생 중 지원자 30명과 본과 2학년생 10명을 대상으로 평상시 상태와 시험 직후 수면이 부족한 상태에서 각각 K-PES TEST를 실시하여 총 8항목에 걸쳐 암기력, 판단력, 단순반응의 변화정도를 검사하였다. 또 설문조사를 병행하여 결과에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 다른 인자들도 파악하였다. 수면량에 대한 부호 숫자 짝짓기(순간 판단력)을 검사한 결과, 인간의 최대 생리학적 기능은 꼭 수면부족에 의해 좌우되는 것은 아니다. 그러나, 수면감소는 피로를 증가시키고, 동기부여를 감소시키나 단, 새로운 사실을 학습하는 데에는 큰 영향을 끼치지 않는다. 즉, 수면부족으로 장시간 깨어있는 것은 정확성과 반응성을 떨어뜨린다. 흡연에 대한 부호 숫자 짝짓기(순간 판단력)을 검사한 결과, 니코틴의 수면에 대한 상호관계는 알려지지 않았고, 인간의 감정이나 의식, 인식에 영향을 주는 것으로 알고있지만, 장기적은 측면에서 흡연이나 알코올은 인식능력과 무관한 것 같다. 카페인에 대한 숫자 외우기(암기력)검사 결과, 카페인은 spacial selective attention에는 특별한 영향을 주지 않지만 지각과정이나 주의 집중에 큰 효과를 주며, 인간의 의식 수행에 긍정적인 효과를 준다. 즉 카페인은 활력, 혼란, 피로상태를 변화시키고 visual analog scales에서 휴식상태에 가까운 양상을 나타낸다. 또 48시간 동안 수면을 취하지 않은 사람에게 카페인은 집중력과 장시간의 좋은 기분을 유지하게 하였다. 그러나 규칙적, 비규칙적으로 먹는 사람간에는 인지수행력의 차이를 보이지 않으며 상용자에서는 상당한 내성이 보인다. 수면패턴에 대한 숫자 더하기(순간 판단력)검사 결과, 집중력은 수면패턴에 의해서도 영향을 받고, 수면패턴이 바뀌게 되면 순간판단력을 저하시킨다. This study was performed to evaluate relationship of sleep and attention, and to control sleep effectively. We conducted a K-PES test of 40 medical students. K-PES contains eight elements, for example, simple response, selective response, color pairing, OddEven discrimination, number addition, number-symbol matching, memory, right-tapping, left tapping. Through these, we tested changes of memory, judgement, simple response. And we conducted a questionnaire survey to exclude bias. Results are as follows. As a results of number-symbol matching test, we know that sleeplessness is not complete responsible for physiologic function for humans. But, decreased sleep increases fatigue and decreases motivation, but no influence on learning new materials. So, long term sleeplessness decreases precision and responsibility. As a results of number-symbol matching test on smoking, a relationship of nicotine and sleep is not certain. A point of view in long term period, smoking and drinking is not related cognition, even if we know that those influence mood, consciousness and cognition. As a results of memory work test on caffeine, caffeine does not influence spacial selective attention, but mainly does perception, attention and consiousness process. Namely caffeine changes energetic activities, chaos, fatigue states and shows resting state in visual analog scales In sleeplessness for 48 hours, caffeine produced attention and good mood for a long time. But, in case of cognitive process no significance shows in regular or irregular diet. Regular diet shows high resistance. As a results of number addition test on sleep patterns, seep patterns influence attention, changes of sleep patterns decrease a moment judgement.
S-522 : Clinical features of elderly chronic urticaria
( Ga Young Ban ),( Mi Yea Kim ),( Hye Soo Yoo ),( Dong Ho Nahm ),( Young Min Ye ),( Yoo Seob Shin ),( Hae Sim Park ) 대한내과학회 2013 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2013 No.1
Background: Chronic urticaria (CU) is defined as itchy wheals lasting for at least 6 weeks, with or without angioedema. It is a common disabling disorder occurring in about 0.5-1% of the population. Recently, the aged population is increasing worldwide, and this group responds differently to environmental stimuli. Therefore, it is essential to identify the specific features of disease in aged group. Nevertheless, there have been few studies reporting the features about CU in the elderly population. We investigated the prevalence and clinical features of elderly CU in comparison with non-elderly CU in this country. Method: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 827 CU patients who were followed in the outpatient Allergy Clinic of Ajou University Hospital, South Korea. According to the EAACI/GA2LEN/EDF/WAO guideline, physical or other secondary types of urticarial patients were excluded, and chronic spontaneous urticarial patients were included. Elderly CU was defined as the CU patients older than 60 years old. Severe CU was defined when urticaria activity score was ≥13 at initial visit. Results: Of the total 827 patients, 37 (4.5%) were elderly. Among co-morbid conditions, atopic dermatitis (AD) was significantly higher (37.8% vs. 21.7%, p=0.022), while prevalence of aspirin intolerance was lower (18.9% vs. 43.6%, p=0.003) in elderly CU. However, prevalence of severe CU was not significantly different between the two groups. Other clinical parameters such as sex, atopy and laboratory findings including anti-thyroid antibodies and serum specific IgE to staphylococcal superantigens were found to have no significant differences between the two groups. However the prevalences of serum specific IgE to staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) were significantly higher in elderly CU with AD than in those without AD (37.5% vs. 0%, respectively). Conclusion: Considering the higher prevalence of AD in elderly CU, it is needed to observe the coexistence of AD in elderly CU. Specific IgE to SEA/SEB may play a role in the pathogenesis of elderly CU, especially who are accompanied by AD.
Clinical features of elderly chronic urticaria
( Ga Young Ban ),( Mi Yea Kim ),( Hye Soo Yoo ),( Dong Ho Nahm ),( Young Min Ye ),( Yoo Seob Shin ),( Hae Sim Park ) 대한내과학회 2014 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.29 No.6
Background/Aims: Chronic urticaria (CU) is defined as itchy wheals lasting 6 weeks or more. As the aged population increases worldwide, it is essential to identify the specific features of this disease in the elderly population. Methods: We investigated the prevalence and clinical features of CU in elderly patients. Medical records of 837 CU patients from the outpatient Allergy Clinic of Ajou University Hospital, Korea were analyzed retrospectively. Patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria according to the EAACI/GA2LEN/EDF/WAO guidelines were included. Patients older than 60 years were defined as elderly. Results: Of the 837 patients, 37 (4.5%) were elderly. In elderly versus nonelderly CU patients, the prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) was significantly higher (37.8% vs. 21.7%, respectively; p = 0.022), while that of aspirin intolerance was lower (18.9% vs. 43.6%, respectively; p = 0.003) in terms of comorbid conditions. The prevalences of serum specific immunoglobulin E antibodies to staphylococcal enterotoxin A and staphylococcal enterotoxin B were considerably higher in elderly CU patients with AD than in those without AD (37.5% vs. 0%, respectively). Conclusions: Elderly patients with CU had a higher prevalence of AD. Therefore, there is a need to recognize the existence of AD in elderly CU patients.
Song, Mi-Young,Kim, Sang Hoon,Ryoo, Ga-Hee,Kim, Mi-Kyung,Cha, Hye-Na,Park, So-Young,Hwang, Hong Pil,Yu, Hee Chul,Bae, Eun Ju,Park, Byung-Hyun Nature Publishing Group UK 2019 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.51 No.5
<▼1><P>Adipose tissue inflammation is a reproducible feature of obesity and obesity-linked insulin resistance. Although sirtuin 6 (Sirt6) deficiency has previously been implicated in diet-induced obesity and systemic insulin resistance, the adipocyte-specific role of Sirt6 in the regulation of adipose tissue inflammation and systemic metabolic dysfunction in mice fed normal chow and in humans remains elusive. Here, using <I>Adipoq-Cre</I>-mediated adipocyte-specific Sirt6 knockout (aS6KO) mice, we explored whether adipocyte Sirt6 inhibits adipose tissue inflammation and its underlying mechanism. aS6KO mice fed normal chow gained more body weight and fat mass than wild-type mice and exhibited glucose intolerance and systemic insulin resistance. Measurement of plasma and tissue cytokines and flow cytometric analysis of adipose stromal vascular cells indicated a decrease in alternatively activated M2 macrophages in the adipose tissue of aS6KO mice. Mechanistically, Sirt6 regulated the expression of the canonical type 2 cytokine IL-4 by adipocytes in a cell autonomous manner, which in turn affects M2 macrophage polarization. Consistent with animal experimental data, the degree of obesity and insulin resistance demonstrated by the body mass index, fasting blood glucose and HbA1c correlated negatively with the expression of Sirt6 in human visceral fat tissues. Collectively, these results suggest that adipocyte Sirt6 regulates body weight gain and insulin sensitivity independent of diet, and the increased IL-4 production by Sirt6 and resultant M2 polarization of adipose tissue macrophages may attenuate proinflammatory responses in adipose tissue.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Obesity and diabetes: A control protein in fat</B></P><P>A protein in adipose tissue (composed of fat cells) helps protect against inflammation and the development of resistance to insulin that develops in obesity and can lead to type 2 diabetes. Researchers in South Korea, led by Eun Ju Bae at Woosuk University, Wanju, and Byung-Hyun Park at Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, investigated the role of Sirt6 in mice and in human adipose tissue. Deleting the mouse gene that codes for Sirt6 in adipocytes promoted the impaired response to insulin and associated increase in blood glucose levels that are two key aspects of diabetes. Changes in biochemical signaling pathways controlling immune cells called macrophages were implicated in these effects and suggest an anti-inflammatory role for Sirt6. Analysis of human adipose tissue supported these findings. The research will help understand how obesity promotes type 2 diabetes.</P></▼2>