http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Merline Sheela A,Dhinagaran G 대한환경공학회 2023 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.28 No.4
The estuarine ecosystem is under threat due to the addition of different anthropogenic pollutants. Among the various pollutants, microplastics(MPs), and antibiotics play a significant role in affecting estuarine organisms and human health by transport through the food chain. In the estuaries, microorganisms, including pathogens, colonise microplastics by the development of biofilms. Estuaries have long been home to MPs, served as novel hubs for the transmission of Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs). As a result of their continual interactions with a variety of aquatic creatures, MP-associated bacterial communities will eventually present a transfer opportunity to organisms that consume MPs. To comprehend the presence of microplastics and ARGs in the estuaries, a thorough review is necessary. This review discusses the various sources of MPs and antibiotic pollution, as well as the transport of ARGs via biofilm formed on MPs. Furthermore, the factors affecting biofilm formation in estuaries are reviewed. In addition, the transport of ARGs by microbial populations within biofilm is discussed. The ARGs are transported into the food chain, which will be a threat to human health. Hence, the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant genes in fish is discussed.
Nitrosomonas sp. Based Biosensor for Ammonium Nitrogen Measurement in Wastewater
Merlin Raud,Erki Lember,Eerik Jõgi,Timo Kikas 한국생물공학회 2013 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.18 No.5
A bacterial culture of Nitrosomonas sp. was isolated from a nitrifying biofilm to construct a biosensor for ammonium nitrogen ( ) measurements in high ammonia wastewaters. The pure culture of microorganisms was immobilized into agarose gel matrix to attain a stable biosensor with a long service life. Biosensors were calibrated using (NH4)2SO4 solution and a steady-state method. Subsequently, several experiments with synthetic and industrial wastewaters were conducted. A linear range up to 20 mg/L of , and sensitivities between 0.030and 0.036 were gained with biosensors. During 14 days of stable service life of the Nitrosomonas sp. biosensors,variation of the signal was less than 7%. Response times of biosensors were 15 ~ 25 min, while recovery times were up to 25 min. Measurements with high ammonia content synthetic and industrial wastewaters were conducted, and 8.3 and 5.6% over estimation of was gained,respectively, compared with results of Nessler method. In spite of the small overestimation, the biosensor based on a pure culture of Nitrosomonas sp. and calibrated with (NH4)2SO4 is suitable for the analysis of in high ammonia content wastewaters.
Merlin Jayalal, L.P. The Research Institute of Chosun Natural Science 2013 조선자연과학논문집 Vol.6 No.1
Formation of amyloid-${\beta}$ ($A{\beta}$) aggregates is a core process in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Importance of interaction of the length variants, $A{\beta}42$ and $A{\beta}40$ in the process and consequent cytotoxicity has been pointed out for wild-type $A{\beta}$ previously. In addition to confirming the findings, the current study demonstrates that the potential interaction is also important for cytotoxicity of the Flemish and Dutch sequence variants. The interaction could strengthen or inhibit cytotoxicity of $A{\beta}42/A{\beta}40$ mixture, depending on interaction time of the length variants as well as the ratio and amyloidogenic property. The inhibitory effect was prominent at the early stage of aggregate formation in less amyloidogenic Flemish $A{\beta}42/A{\beta}40$ mixture, while strengthened cytotoxicity was exhibited at the stage in potently amyloidogenic Dutch variant and at the later stage in wild-type and the Flemish variant. The samples showing relatively robust cytotoxicity were those enriched in $A{\beta}$ protofibril-like structures, implying strong correlation of the structure with cytotoxicity. The different consequence of the interaction on sequence variants is likely due to differential amyloidogenic property of each $A{\beta}40$ variant, rather than that of $A{\beta}42$, because aggregation rates and levels of $A{\beta}40$ variants are greatly variable depending on the sequence, compared to $A{\beta}42$ variants. These studies may highlight a potential role of $A{\beta}40$ in the cytotoxicity, providing a novel mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis of each FAD-associated variant.
Bimbingan Konseling Dalam Penemuan Jati Diri
( Merlin Maria Wulur ) 대구대학교 한국특수교육문제연구소 2018 한국특수교육문제연구소 학술대회발표자료집 Vol.2018 No.1
Rochman Natawidjaja mengatakan bahwa bimbingan adalah proses pemberian bantuan kepada individu yang dilakukan secara berkesinambungan, supaya individu tersebut dapat memahami dirinya sehingga ia sanggup mengarahkan diri dan dapat bertindak wajar, sesuai dengan tuntutan dan keadaan keluarga serta masyarakat. Dengan demikian dia dapat memberikan sumbangan yang berarti. Dan Surya mengatakan bahwa konseling adalah seluruh upaya bantuan yang diberikan konselor kepada konseli supaya dia memperoleh konsep diri dan kepercayaan diri sendiri, untuk dimanfaatkan olehnya dalam memperbaiki tingkah lakunya pada masa yang akan datang. Dengan mengacu pendapat dari Rochman dan Surya, disini dapat dikatakan bahwa bimbingan konseling adalah suatu bantuan yang diberikan oleh konselor kepada konseli agar konseli dapat menemukan jati dirinya. Untuk itu poster ini bertujuan agar konseli (siswa) dapat tertarik untuk mengunjungi ruang bimbingan konseling di sekolah, dalam upaya menemukan jati dirinya karena dengan menumukan jati dirinya, ia bisa dapat bermanfaat bagi keluarga, masyarakat dan tentunya untuk dirinya sendiri.
Merlin Jayalal, L.P. The Basic Science Institute Chosun University 2012 조선자연과학논문집 Vol.5 No.2
Polymerization of monomeric amyloid-${\beta}$ peptides ($A{\beta}$) into soluble oligomers and insoluble fibrils is one of the major pathways triggering the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using small molecules to prevent the polymerization of $A{\beta}$ peptides can, therefore, be an effective therapeutic strategy for AD. In this study, we investigated the effects of mono- and bi-flavonoids on $A{\beta}42$ toxicity and fibrillogenesis and found that the bi-flavonoid, taiwaniaflavone (TF) effectively and specifically inhibits $A{\beta}$ toxicity and fibrillogenesis. Compared to TF, the mono-flavonoid apigenin (AP) is less effective and less specific. Our data showed that differential effects of the mono- and bi-flavonoids on $A{\beta}$ fibrillogenesis correlate with their varying cytoprotective efficacies. We also found that other bi-flavonoids, namely 2',8"-biapigenin, amentoflavone, and sumaflavone, can also effectively inhibit $A{\beta}$ toxicity and fibrillogenesis, implying that the participation of two mono-flavonoids in a single bi-flavonoid molecule enhanced their activity. Bi-flavonoids, while strongly inhibited $A{\beta}$ fibrillogenesis, accumulated nontoxic $A{\beta}$ oligomeric structures, suggesting that these are off-pathway-oligomers. Moreover, TF abrogated the toxicity of preformed $A{\beta}$ oligomers and fibrils, indicating that TF and other bi-flavonoids may also reduce the toxicity of toxic $A{\beta}$ species. Altogether, our data clearly show that bi-flavonoids, possibly due to the possession of two $A{\beta}$ binders separated by an appropriate size linker, are likely to be promising therapeutics to suppress $A{\beta}$ toxicity.