Laboratory study on the clogging potential of a hybrid best management practice

Mercado, Jean Margaret R.,Maniquiz-Redillas, Marla C.,Kim, Lee-Hyung Taylor Francis 2015 Desalination and water treatment Vol.53 No.11

Weed Control in the Tropic Zone

Mercado, Beatriz L. The Korean Society of Weed ScienceThe Turfgrass So 1984 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.4 No.2

Nutrient treatment performance of free surface flow constructed wetland in agricultural area

Mercado,Jean Margaret R.,Maniquiz, Marla C.,Kim, Lee-Hyung(김이형) 대한토목학회 2012 대한토목학회 학술대회 Vol.2012 No.10

Monitoring and quantification of stormwater runoff from mixed land use and land cover catchment in response to land development

Paule-Mercado, Ma. Cristina A.,Salim, Imran,Lee, Bum-Yeon,Memon, Sheeraz,Sajjad, Raja Umer,Sukhbaatar, Chinzorig,Lee, Chang-Hee Elsevier 2018 Ecological Indicators Vol.93 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Understanding the influence of land use and land cover (LULC) change in stormwater runoff is important for watershed management. In this study, integration of 31 storm events, monthly monitoring of LULC change, Pearson’s correlation, multiple linear regression analysis (MLR) and Personalized Computer Storm Water Management Model (PCSWMM) were applied to quantify the influence of LULC change on stormwater quality from mixed LULC catchment with ongoing land development in Yongin, South Korea. Due to ongoing land development in the catchment, bare land and urban LULC were exponentially increased while agriculture, forest, grassland and water LULC decreased in spatial extent. The correlation analysis showed that stormwater quality was positively correlated to bare land (0.595; Cl – 0.891; TSS, <I>p</I> < 0.05) and urban (0.768; TN – 0.987; TSS, <I>p</I> < 0.05); negatively correlated to forest (−0.593; Cu – 0.532; BOD<SUB>5</SUB>, <I>p</I> < 0.05) and grassland (−0.587; TSS – 0.512; BOD<SUB>5</SUB>, <I>p</I> < 0.05) and; either positively or no correlation to agriculture (0.064; Cu – 0.871; TSS, <I>p</I> < 0.05) and water (−0.131; Cl – 0.221; TP, <I>p</I> < 0.05). Furthermore, the MLR analysis showed that combinations of different LULC were able to describe the overall stormwater quality of the catchment. Moreover, the LULC scenario analysis demonstrate that under dominant agriculture (S1), bare land (S2) and urban areas (S5), the average pollutant concentrations would increase by as much as 13.22% (Cl; S2; pre-) to 59.25% (TSS; S5; early-active); while under dominant forest (S3) and grassland (S4) the average pollutant concentration would decrease by as much as −53% (Pb; S3; late-active) to −3.22% (BOD<SUB>5</SUB>; S4; pre-). These findings explained that the variability of pollutant concentrations in different phase of land development was affected by expansion of bare land and urban spatial extent, increase of hydrological characteristics (total rainfall and average rainfall intensity) and massive soil activities (soil digging and soil transfer). Therefore, results of this study will provide scientific information to establish a cost-effective stormwater management, development of empirical model, and designing monitoring strategies and guidelines to minimize the negative impact of LULC change on stormwater runoff.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Long-term LULC and stormwater monitoring advanced the current watershed management. </LI> <LI> PCSWMM was used to evaluate the influence of land development on stormwater runoff. </LI> <LI> Land development influences the variability of pollutant concentration in runoff. </LI> <LI> Conversion of vegetation to bare land and urban is the major stormwater stressor. </LI> <LI> Expansion of vegetation cover was not enough to achieve the water quality criteria. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Monitoring and predicting the fecal indicator bacteria concentrations from agricultural, mixed land use and urban stormwater runoff

Paule-Mercado, M.A.,Ventura, J.S.,Memon, S.A.,Jahng, D.,Kang, J.-H.,Lee, C.-H. Elsevier 2016 Science of the Total Environment Vol.550 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>While the urban runoff are increasingly being studied as a source of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), less is known about the occurrence of FIB in watershed with mixed land use and ongoing land use and land cover (LULC) change. In this study, <I>Escherichia coli</I> (EC) and fecal streptococcus (FS) were monitored from 2012 to 2013 in agricultural, mixed and urban LULC and analyzed according to the most probable number (MPN). Pearson correlation was used to determine the relationship between FIB and environmental parameters (physicochemical and hydrometeorological). Multiple linear regressions (MLR) were used to identify the significant parameters that affect the FIB concentrations and to predict the response of FIB in LULC change. Overall, the FIB concentrations were higher in urban LULC (EC=3.33–7.39; FS=3.30–7.36log<SUB>10</SUB> MPN/100mL) possibly because of runoff from commercial market and 100% impervious cover (IC). Also, during early-summer season; this reflects a greater persistence and growth rate of FIB in a warmer environment. During intra-event, however, the FIB concentrations varied according to site condition. Anthropogenic activities and IC influenced the correlation between the FIB concentrations and environmental parameters. Stormwater temperature (TEMP), turbidity, and TSS positively correlated with the FIB concentrations (<I>p</I> >0.01), since IC increased, implying an accumulation of bacterial sources in urban activities. TEMP, BOD<SUB>5</SUB>, turbidity, TSS, and antecedent dry days (ADD) were the most significant explanatory variables for FIB as determined in MLR, possibly because they promoted the FIB growth and survival. The model confirmed the FIB concentrations: EC (R<SUP>2</SUP> =0.71–0.85; NSE=0.72–0.86) and FS (R<SUP>2</SUP> =0.65–0.83; NSE=0.66–0.84) are predicted to increase due to urbanization. Therefore, these findings will help in stormwater monitoring strategies, designing the best management practice for FIB removal and as input data for stormwater models.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Land use and anthropogenic activities influenced the FIB intra-event variability. </LI> <LI> Urban runoff had the highest levels of fecal contamination. </LI> <LI> Temperature, TSS and turbidity correlated significantly with FIB concentrations. </LI> <LI> MLR identified significant environmental parameter affects on FIB concentrations. </LI> <LI> The FIB concentrations were predicted to increase due to urbanization. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Influence of land development on stormwater runoff from a mixed land use and land cover catchment

Paule-Mercado, M.A.,Lee, B.Y.,Memon, S.A.,Umer, S.R.,Salim, I.,Lee, C.-H. Elsevier BV 2017 Science of the Total Environment Vol.599 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Mitigating for the negative impacts of stormwater runoff is becoming a concern due to increased land development. Understanding how land development influences stormwater runoff is essential for sustainably managing water resources. In recent years, aggregate low impact development-best management practices (LID-BMPs) have been implemented to reduce the negative impacts of stormwater runoff on receiving water bodies. This study used an integrated approach to determine the influence of land development and assess the ecological benefits of four aggregate LID-BMPs in stormwater runoff from a mixed land use and land cover (LULC) catchment with ongoing land development. It used data from 2011 to 2015 that monitored 41 storm events and monthly LULC, and a Personalized Computer Storm Water Management Model (PCSWMM). The four aggregate LID-BMPs are: ecological (S1), utilizing pervious covers (S2), and multi-control (S3) and (S4). These LID-BMPs were designed and distributed in the study area based on catchment characteristics, cost, and effectiveness. PCSWMM was used to simulate the monitored storm events from 2014 (calibration: R<SUP>2</SUP> and NSE>0.5; RMSE <11) and 2015 (validation: R<SUP>2</SUP> and NSE>0.5; RMSE <12). For continuous simulation and analyzing LID-BMPs scenarios, the five-year (2011 to 2015) stormwater runoff data and LULC change patterns (only 2015 for LID-BMPs) were used. Results show that the expansion of bare land and impervious cover, soil alteration, and high amount of precipitation influenced the stormwater runoff variability during different phases of land development. The four aggregate LID-BMPs reduced runoff volume (34%–61%), peak flow (6%–19%), and pollutant concentrations (53%–83%). The results of this study, in addition to supporting local LULC planning and land development activities, also could be applied to input data for empirical modeling, and designing sustainable stormwater management guidelines and monitoring strategies.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A long-term monitoring of stormwater runoff and LULC change was implemented. </LI> <LI> PCSWMM was used to assess the response of runoff on land development and LID-BMPs. </LI> <LI> Land use and rainfall pattern influenced the variability of stormwater runoff. </LI> <LI> LID-BMPs help to reduce the negative impacts of land development. </LI> <LI> LID-BMPs design depends on site characteristics, needs and community resources. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

FICCO(필리핀의 지역협동조합)의 “뿌리”와 “열매”

( Anselmo B. Mercado ) 한국협동조합학회 2017 韓國協同組合硏究 Vol.35 No.3

본 논문은 필리핀에서 가장 성공적이고 가장 활발한 협동조합 중 하나인 FICCO가 거둔 “열매”를 기술한다. 지난 63년 동안 조합원, 지역사회, 나아가 사회 전체를 이롭게 한 이 협동조합의 “열매”는 “뿌리”가 튼튼했기 때문에 가능했다. 2017년 9월말 현재, FICCO의 총자산은 $220,180,000에 달하고, 조합원 수는 309,598명이다. FICCO는 필리핀에서 가장 큰 지역협동조합이고, 두 번째로 규모가 큰 금융협동조합이다. FICCO의 조합원들은 외부의 지원 없이 내부에서 모든 자원을 일구어 내었다. 어느 학자가 “뿌리를 가꾸지 않고는 열매를 거둘 수 없다”고 한 말을 FICCO는 증명해 내었다. 개척자들은 조합원들에 의한 민주적 소유와 관리, 출자배당과 이용고 배당을 통한 잉여금의 조합원들에 대한 분배, 무보수봉사, 꾸준한 학습과 교육, 평등, 지역개발을 위한 자조/ 상부상조 등 협동조합의 기본철학, 핵심가치 및 협동조합주의(COOPERATIVE-ISM) 원칙들을 FICCO에 심어주었다. 이 모든 것은 유명한 모토인 “만인은 일인을 위하여, 일인은 만인을 위하여(All for One, One for All)”, 또는 “인류애 경제학(brotherhood economics)”으로 표현될 수 있다. FICCO의 성공과 영향은 다른 사람들과 공유할만한 자랑거리로, 협동조합운동 뿐 아니라 지역개발 사업에 관여하는 많은 사람들에게 감동을 주어 왔다. 조그만 학교신협이 거대한 사회 - 특히 평범한 일반서민들에게 그토록 큰 영향을 미칠 수 있었는지 상상할 수도 없는 일이다. 작은 것이 아름답다(“Small is beautiful”)는 말은 맞는 말이고, FICCO가 정말 그랬다. 그러나, 오늘날 FICCO는 협동조합의 거인(“giant”)이 되었다. 비전과 이상이 크고, 조합원들이 서로 돕기 위해 자원을 공유하는 조그만 방식들이 위대하고, 다른 사람들을 돕기 위해 “비용을 생각하지 않고” 아낌없이 봉사하고자 하는 지도자들의 도량이 넓은 협동조합의 거인이 되었다. This article tells about one of the most successful and most vibrant cooperatives in the Philippines - the First Community Cooperative (FICCO). It describes the “fruits” produced in sixty-three years of growth that have benefited the members, their communities and society in general. Like a productive “tree”, FICCO has yielded its “fruits” because of its well-established “roots”. Currently, as of September 2017, FICCO reached Total Assets of Php 11.09 Billion ($220,180,000) and a Total Membership of 309,598. It is the biggest community-type cooperative in the Philippines, and the second biggest of banking cooperatives in the country. All these resources have been generated by FICCO’s members from within their internal resources (no “external aids”). What one scholar said, “You can’t have the fruits unless you take care of the roots”, has been proven in FICCO. The pioneers gave FICCO the very philosophy, core values and principles of COOPERATIVE-ISM: democratic ownership and control of business enterprises by members, distributing “surpluses” from the business operations back to the members through dividends and patronage refunds, volunteerism, continuous learning and education, equality, self-help-mutual-help for people and community development. All these may be captured in the famous motto - “All for One, One for All,” or “brotherhood economics”. The success and impact of FICCO has been inspiring, not only to the cooperative movement, but to many others involved in development work, It is something to share with others with pride and joy. It is unimaginable how a small school credit union could greatly impact on a bigger society, among people many of whom are plain ordinary folks. “Small is beautiful,” and indeed FICCO was. But today, FICCO is a “giant” of a cooperative - big in its vision and ideals, great in the little ways that members share their resources to help one another, and magnanimous of the leaders who are willing to serve generously “without counting the cost” to serve others.

Classroom Technology Mediation among Schools in Bulacan : Basis for the In-Service Training of Teachers

Romulo B. Mercado Jr. ASCONS 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EMERGING MULTIDISCIPLINAR Vol.1 No.1

The emerging trend in the modernization of global education in the 21st century posed challenges to the teaching-learning process in the Philippines especially in the area of educational technology. It is for this concern that this study was conducted to explore the extent of competence of the teachers in utilizing various technology in teaching and discovering their influence to the learning interests of their students. The study used simple random sampling among 368 teachers and students of both public and private schools in the different Divisions of the province of Bulacan from Grade 1 to Grade 10. The researcher employed descriptive research method using survey questionnaires, frequency distribution, mean score, percentage and standard deviation to investigate the condition in the teaching-learning relative to the technology mediation utilized by the teachers. The results showed that classrooms have available basic media technology to facilitate learning and both respondents were moderately familiar in using them to classroom teaching and learning process. Relatively, both respondents find these media technologies useful in teaching and learning activities in the classroom. The study presents the conclusion that technology mediation among schools in Bulacan was integrated in the curriculum and both respondents were moderately familiar in using them.

[Invited Lecture] Weed Control in the Tropic Zone

Beatriz L. Mercado 韓國雜草學會 1984 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.4 No.2

A Framework Design for Enabling Offline Web Applications over a Collaborative Environment

Tamara Cher Mercado,Woo-Young Son(손우용),Gi-Weon Kim(김기원),Jung-Gil Song(송정길) 한국정보기술학회 2008 한국정보기술학회논문지 Vol.6 No.3

A major drawback of web applications is its inability to work without a network connection. This study proposes a basic framework called FLOW (Framework for enabLing Offline Web) for enabling a web application to work offline with very little modification needed. It is implemented and tested in a collaborative learning environment. While the user is online, the framework creates a background simulation of all possible user actions, stores the output in the local drive and utilizes it when the user is offline. While offline, the system will pull out the resources from its local drive and stores all user input requiring server side scripts in its local database. When connection is reestablished, a synchronization framework facilitates the update of its server database and ensures that recent resources are being used by the web application.