Effect of magnesium sulfate on oxygenation and lung mechanics in morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery: a prospective double-blind randomized clinical trial

Mowafi Marwa M.,Elbeialy Marwa A. K.,Abusinna Rasha Gamal 대한마취통증의학회 2023 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.76 No.6

Background: Respiratory mechanics are often significantly altered in morbidly obese patients and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is a promising agent for managing several respiratory disorders. This study aimed to examine the effects of MgSO4 infusions on arterial oxygenation and lung mechanics in patients with morbid obesity undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery. Methods: Forty patients with morbid obesity aged 21–60 years scheduled for laparoscopic bariatric surgery under general anesthesia were randomly allocated to either the control (normal saline infusion) or MgSO4 group (30 mg/kg lean body weight [LBW] of 10% MgSO4 in 100 ml normal saline intravenously over 30 min as a loading dose, followed by 10 mg/kg LBW/h for 90 min). The primary outcome was intraoperative arterial oxygenation (ΔPaO2/FiO2). Secondary outcomes included intraoperative static and dynamic compliance, dead space, and hemodynamic parameters. Results: At 90 min intraoperatively, the Δ PaO2/FiO2 ratio and the Δ dynamic lung compliance were statistically significantly higher in the MgSO4 group (mean ± SE: 16.1 ± 1.0, 95% CI [14.1, 18.1] and 8.4 ± 0.5 ml/cmH2O, 95% CI [7.4, 9.4]), respectively), and the Δ dead space (%) was statistically significantly lower in the MgSO4 group (mean ± SE: −8.0 ± 0.3%, 95% CI [−8.6, −7.4]) (P < 0.001). No significant differences in static compliance were observed.Conclusions: Although MgSO4 significantly preserved arterial oxygenation and maintained dynamic lung compliance and dead space in patients with morbid obesity, the clinical relevance is minimal. This study failed to adequately reflect the clinical importance of these results.

Effects of Chronic and Acute Lithium Treatment on the Long-term Potentiation and Spatial Memory in Adult Rats

Marwa Yousef,Şehrazat Kavraal,Ayşe Seda Artış,Cem Süer 대한정신약물학회 2019 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.17 No.2

Objective: Although, accumulating evidence is delineating a neuroprotective and neurotrophic role for lithium (Li), inconsistent findings have also been reported in human studies especially. Moreover, the effects of Li infusion into the hippocampus are still unknown. The aims of this work were (a) to assess whether basal synaptic activity and long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus are different in regard to intrahippocampal Li infusion; (b) to assess spatial learning and memory in rats chronically treated with LiCO3 in the Morris water maze. Methods: Field potentials were recorded form the dentate gyrus, stimulating perforant pathways, in rats chronically (20 mg/kg for 40 days) or acutely treated with LiCO3 and their corresponding control rats. In addition, performance of rats in a Morris water maze was measured to link behaviour of rats to electrophysiological findings. Results: LiCO3 infusion into the hippocampus resulted in enhanced LTP, especially in the late phases, but attenuated LTP was observed in rats chronically treated with Li as compared to controls. Li-treated rats equally performed a spatial learning task, but did spend less time in target quadrant than saline-treated rats in Morris water maze. Conclusion: Despite most data suggest that Li always yields neuroprotective effects against neuropathological conditions; we concluded that a 40-day treatment of Li disrupts hippocampal synaptic plasticity underlying memory processes, and that these effects of prolonged treatment are not associated with its direct chemical effect, but are likely to be associated with the molecular actions of Li at genetic levels, because its short-term effect preserves synaptic plasticity.

The Kumaraswamy exponential-weibull distribution and its application in reliability

Marwa KH. Hassan 한국신뢰성학회 2018 International Journal of Reliability and Applicati Vol.19 No.2

Kumaraswamy exponential-Weibull (KwEW) distribution generalizes a number of well-known special lifetime model such as the Weibull, exponential, Rayleigh, modified Rayleigh, modified exponential and exponentiated Weibull distributions among others. We consider in this paper the estimation problem of reliability parameter R = P(Y < X) when X and Y are distributed as two independent Kumaraswamy exponential-Weibull distribution. Maximum likelihood method and Bayesian technique have been used to estimate R . A simulation study has been used to assess the performance of maximum likelihood estimator in term of the sample size n . Real data is used as a practical application of proposed procedure.

Assessment of the partial and total replacement of feldspar by waste glass on porcelain properties

Marwa Marza Salman,Hussein Talab Nhabih 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2020 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.21 No.3

In this study, soda-lime silica waste glass was used as partial and total replacement for feldspar in porcelain. The preparedsamples from feldspar, quartz, kaolin and different percentages of waste glass by powder technology technique were sinteredat 1,100 ºC and 1,200 ºC. The tests measured for samples involves mechanical, physical and thermal properties. A results ofthese tests indicated an increasing and decreasing in the samples properties with increasing of waste glass additive, and thatcontinues to 75% waste glass of feldspar. While X-ray diffraction analysis indicated a presence of tridymite phase SiO2, mullitephase 2SiO2.3Al2O3 and anorthite phase CaAl2Si2O8 in the sample contained 100% waste glass of feldspar and fired at1,200 ºC. This study showed possibility of replacement of feldspar used in porcelain industry by waste glass as flux, and apercent of waste glass additive, which gives the best properties of porcelain samples, is 75% wt. of feldspar.

Application of alginate and gelatin-based edible coating materials as alternatives to traditional coating for improving the quality of pastirma

Marwa Ragab Abdallah,Mai Atef Mohamed,Mohamed Talaat. Emara,Hussein Mohamed 한국식품과학회 2018 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.27 No.6

This research was conducted to study the efficacy of sodium alginate and gelatin coating materials in improving the quality of pastirma. Pastirma was coated with traditional, alginate or gelatin coatings, stored at 4 C for 4 weeks and examined weekly. Alginate and gelatin coated-pastirma revealed lower TBARS values which was within the acceptable limit (0.67 and 0.86 mg/kg) until the end of storage, however, the TBARS values of traditionally coated pastirma reached 1.33 by the end of storage. Edible coating delayed respiration rate with improvement of the color when compared with traditionally coated one. Oxygen concentration increased from 4.21 mg/kg/h in traditionally coated pastirma to 12.56 and 9.79 in alginate and gelatin coated ones, respectively. Meanwhile, CO2 concentration decreased from 10.40 mg/kg/h in traditionally coated pastirma to 4.89 and 6.07 mg/kg/h in alginate and gelatin coated ones, respectively. Moreover, a distinct improvement in all sensory attributes has been observed.

Deep and Statistical-Based Methods for Alzheimer’s Disease Detection: A Survey

Marwa Zaabi,Nadia Smaoui,Walid Hariri,Houda Derbel 한국정보과학회 2022 Journal of Computing Science and Engineering Vol.16 No.1

Detection of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most potent and daunting activities in the processing of medical imagery. The survey of recent AD detection techniques in the last 10 years is described in this paper. The AD detection process involves various steps, namely preprocessing, feature extraction, feature selection, dimensionality reduction, segmentation and classification. In this study, we reviewed the latest findings and possible patterns as well as their main contributions. Different types of AD detection techniques are also discussed. Based on the applied algorithms and methods, and the evaluated databases (e.g., ADNI and OASIS), the performances of the most relevant AD detection techniques are compared and discussed.

Comparison of different estimators of P(Y<X) for two parameter Lindley distribution

Marwa KH. Hassan 한국신뢰성학회 2017 International Journal of Reliability and Applicati Vol.18 No.2

Stress-strength reliability problems arise frequently in applied statistics and related fields. In the context of reliability, the stress–strength model describes the life of a component, which has a random strength X and is subjected to random stress Y. The component fails at the instant that the stress applied to it exceeds the strength and the component will function satisfactorily whenever X > Y. The problem of estimation the reliability parameter in a stress-strength model R = P[Y < X ] , when X and Y are two independent two-parameter Lindley random variables is considered in this paper. The maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) and Bayes estimator of R are obtained. Also, different confidence intervals of R are obtained. Simulation study is performed to compare the different proposed estimation methods. Example in real data is used as practical application of the proposed procedure.

Improved dentin disinfection by combining different-geometry rotary nickel-titanium files in preparing root canals

Marwa M. Bedier,Ahmed Abdel Rahman Hashem,Yosra M. Hassan 대한치과보존학회 2018 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.43 No.4

Objectives: This study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of different instrumentation and irrigation techniques using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) after root canal inoculation with Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). Materials and Methods: Mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals of extracted mandibular molars were apically enlarged up to a size 25 hand K-file, then autoclaved and inoculated with E. faecalis. The samples were randomly divided into 4 main groups according to the system of instrumentation and irrigation: an XP-endo Shaper (XPS) combined with conventional irrigation (XPS/C) or an XP-endo Finisher (XPF) (XPS/XPF), and iRaCe combined with conventional irrigation (iRaCe/C) or combined with an XPF (iRaCe/XPF). A middle-third sample was taken from each group, and then the bacterial reduction was evaluated using CLSM at a depth of 50 µm inside the dentinal tubules. The ratio of red fluorescence (dead cells) to green-and-red fluorescence (live and dead cells) represented the percentage of bacterial reduction. The data were then statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test for comparisons across the groups and the Dunn test was used for pairwise comparisons. Results: The instrumentation and irrigation techniques had a significant effect on bacterial reduction (p < 0.05). The iRaCe/XPF group showed the strongest effect, followed by the XPS/ XPF and XPS/C group, while the iRaCe/C group had the weakest effect. Conclusions: Combining iRaCe with XPF improved its bacterial reduction effect, while combining XPS with XPF did not yield a significant improvement in its ability to reduce bacteria at a depth of 50 µm in the dentinal tubules.

Experimental shear strengthening of GFRC beams without stirrups using innovative techniques

Marwa Hany,Mohamed H. Makhlouf,Gamal Ismail,Ahmed S. Debaiky 국제구조공학회 2022 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.83 No.4

Eighteen (18) (120×300×2200 mm) beams were prepared and tested to evaluate the shear strength of Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) beams with no shear reinforcement, and evaluate the effectiveness of various innovative strengthening systems to increase the shear capacity of the GFRC beams. The test variables are the amount of discrete glass fiber (0.0, 0.6, and 1.2% by volume of concrete) and the type of longitudinal reinforcement bars (steel or GFRP), the strengthening systems (externally bonded (EB) sheet, side near-surface mounted (SNSM) bars, or the two together), strengthening material (GFRP or steel) links, different configurations of NSM GFRP bars (side bonded links, full wrapped stirrups, side C-shaped stirrups, and side bent bars), link spacing, link inclination angle, and the number of bent bars. The experimental results showed that adding the discrete glass fiber to the concrete by 0.6%, and 1.2% enhanced the shear strength by 18.5% and 28%, respectively in addition to enhancing the ductility. The results testified the efficiency of different strengthening systems, where it is enhanced the shear capacity by a ratio of 28.4% to 120%, and that is a significant improvement. Providing SNSM bent bars with strips as a new strengthening technique exhibited better shear performance in terms of crack propagation, and improved shear capacity and ductility compared to other strengthening techniques. Based on the experimental shear behavior, an analytical study, which allows the estimation of the shear capacity of the strengthened beams, was proposed, the results of the experimental and analytical study were comparable by a ratio of 0.91 to 1.15.

Formulation, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of lidocaine HCl ocular inserts for topical ocular anesthesia

Marwa Shukr 대한약학회 2014 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.37 No.7

Topical anesthesia is a safe and cost-effectivemethod considered as the first-choice in many procedures. The objective of the present study was to develop ocularinserts as a new form of lidocaine HCl to give a sufficientlevel of anesthetic. Ocuserts were prepared using HPMCand PVA in different ratios with lidocaine HCl alone andlidocaine HCl b-cyclodextrins complex. Drug polymerinteractions were studied by Fourier transform infraredspectroscopic studies. The prepared ocular inserts werecharacterized by means of ocusert thickness, weight variation,folding endurance, surface pH, moisture absorption,drug content and in-vitro drug release. Stability study wasconducted on selected formulations, and in vivo evaluationof lidocaine HCl was also carried out. The results revealedthat F7 formulations containing drug b-cyclodextrins with4 % HPMC and 2 % PVA were found to have goodphysical characteristics and appropriate flexibility. Inaddition to the highest initial and cumulative percentage ofdrug released in vitro. The selected F7 ocuserts retainedtheir characteristics during the stability study. The resultsof in vivo study showed that the addition of b-cyclodextrinsin F7 significantly increase the drug content in theaqueous humor when compared with F3 ocuserts containinglidocaine HCl alone.